47-628: Coltishall is a village on the River Bure , west of Wroxham , in the English county of Norfolk . The village is located within the Norfolk Broads . Coltishall's name is of Old English origin and first attested in the Domesday Book of 1086 in the forms Cokereshala and Coketeshala . From 1200 onwards, it is attested in the contracted form Couteshal(e) , in which form it has more or less remained to
94-468: A chalice Dunstan himself had made. These objects were conserved at St Benet's as relics . Later that same century another abbot with even stronger connections to power arrived to govern St Benet's. Hugh was an illegimitate half-brother to Cardinal William of the White Hands and to Count Henry I of Champagne who was married to Marie , elder daughter of King Louis VII of France . Hugh's half-sister
141-492: A dependency of St Mary's Abbey in York . This happened by means of a gift made by the patron, who was either Stephen of Penthièvre, Count of Tréguier, Lord of Richmond or his son Alan of Penthièvre, Earl of Richmond and Cornwall . It was the first abbot of St Benet's Abbey, Elsinus, who procured stone to replace the wooden structure of the abbey's church. This must have been a notable operation since suitable stone does not occur in
188-467: A first windmill-powered land drainage was erected around the middle of the 18th century, and some decades later was replaced by another, attached to the front of the ruined gatehouse. By at least 1813, to facilitate movement of the windmill sails the upper floor of the gatehouse was removed to provide room for the sails to turn. The sails survived until at least 1854 but had been destroyed by 1863. The wind-powered mechanism, which at time ceased operating and
235-460: A month, the Commissioners found that silting of the river bed had occurred, reducing the navigable depth, and dredging of the river bed using a scoop, known locally as a didle, was a regular activity. Small wherries, capable of carrying 13 tons, were used for the carriage of flour, agricultural produce, coal and timber. A brickyard at Oxnead was also served by the boats, while below Coltishall, marl
282-590: Is a river in the county of Norfolk, England , most of it in the Broads . The Bure rises near Melton Constable , 11 miles (18 km) upstream of Aylsham , which was the original head of navigation . Nowadays, the head of navigation is 10 miles (16 km) downstream at Coltishall Bridge. After Aylsham Lock and Burgh Bridge, the Bure passes through Buxton Lammas , Coltishall , Belaugh , Wroxham , Horning , past St. Benet's Abbey , through Oby , Acle , Stokesby , along
329-591: Is dedicated to John the Baptist . The church features good examples of James Powell and Sons stained glass windows and evidence of the wealth of the malting families who have lived in Coltishall throughout history. Climate in this area has mild differences between highs and lows, and there is adequate rainfall year-round. The Köppen climate classification subtype for this climate is " Cfb " (Marine West Coast Climate/ Oceanic climate ). River Bure The River Bure
376-530: Is itself now a ruin, is a grade II* listed building. Between 1782 and 1886 just along the river from the gatehouse there was a wherryman's riverside pub called The Chequers . In 1925 the site became one of Britain's first scheduled ancient monuments . In 1993 the main part of the site was bought by the Crown Estate and in 2002 sold to the Norfolk Archaeological Trust which in 2004 purchased
423-469: The 12-13th centuries the abbey tried to promote the cult of St Margaret of Holm, supposedly a girl killed in the woods at Hoveton St John on 22 May 1170, but this made little or no progress. The abbey's life had substantially begun with benefactions and despite attempts both surreptitious and aggressive to snatch them away, the benefactions continued. It has been suggested that participation in 1075 of an early patron, Ralph Guader , Earl of East Anglia, in
470-557: The Abbot of St-Benet's to the Bishops cathedra uniting the two roles. It thus became the sole abbey spared during the dissolution, and was protected in statute by an extraordinary act of parliament in 1536. The act stipulated that the Abbot be permitted to forever maintain a Prior and twelve monks at the abbey. This makes it arguably the oldest Anglican Order of St Benedict in England. By 1545 however
517-510: The Bishop of Norwich. It is unclear whether this was a deliberate choice to uphold principles of monastic asceticism or due to the high levels of debt the monastery was said to be in. Holding the abbey up as an example of protestant monasticism during the Reformation , Thomas Cromwell persuaded Henry VIII to spare the abbey, and unite it into the newly founded Church of England , and to elevate
SECTION 10
#1732855435918564-405: The Bure just upstream of Hoveton, The Mermaid which merges at Burgh-next-Aylsham and Scarrow Beck which meets the main river close to the village of Ingworth . The River Bure has been navigable for some 31 miles (50 km) as far as Horstead Mill, near Coltishall, since at least 1685, when cargoes of coal, corn and timber were carried to within 1 mile (1.6 km) of Meyton Manor House. It
611-668: The Conquest, William the Conqueror pursued those seen as having supported the defeated Harold and Abbot Aelfwold was outlawed and exiled for a time to Denmark, and the abbey 's estates suffered encroachments by neighbouring landowners and a general campaign of systematic harassment by the tenants of the upcoming Norman magnate Sir Roger Bigod, whom the Domesday Book gives as holding 187 lordships in Norfolk and another 117 in Suffolk . The harassment
658-457: The Domesday Book, Coltishall is recorded as a settlement of 16 households in the hundred of South Erpingham . The village was divided between the estates of William de Warenne and Roger de Poitou . In 1231, Coltishall was made a 'free-town' by King Henry III . Furthermore, from the mid-Eighteenth Century, Coltishall was a centre for the malting industry with many wherries being built in
705-415: The abbey as abbot on 14 November 1089. He was succeeded as abbot by Ralph, and Ralph in 1101 by Richard, who is credited with having completed the church's western tower and with having hung two large bells there. The site was not immune to natural disasters and in the 13th and 14th centuries there were incidents where violent storms on the coast forced the sea to break through the dunes, causing damage to
752-443: The abbey continued to have connections to the court may be shown by the fact that the man who became abbot in 1126 was Conrad, who has been identified with the monk who till then had been prior of Christ Church Cathedral Priory , Canterbury , and who had been confessor to King Henry I . Conrad is said to have brought with him two chasubles and a book that had been the property of St Dunstan , Archbishop of Canterbury , together with
799-466: The abbey had collapsed and the brothers had to abandon the site. The lands were leased to a succession of local farmers to pay down the debts. As the Bishops were enrobed amongst the Lords Spiritual , the power that prior to the dissolution came with being an abbot was eroded, and successive Bishops of Norwich saw little point in using the title. However since 1939 Bishops of Norwich have once again used
846-486: The abbey. In 1287 to save the horses, they had to be brought from the stables to shelter on higher land in the nave of the church. The abbey also remained vulnerable to hostile incursions by water and in 1327 by royal licence the site was enclosed by a wall with battlements , isolated traces of which still survive. Surviving records from the 12th century show that at least some of the abbey's tenants paid their rents in kind or by means of service rendered. At Swanton Abbott
893-485: The abbot, as upon bishops and monastic superiors throughout England, in so far as he was a prominent public personage and landowner in the area and hence an integral element in the feudal system. The abbey was responsible for organizing a shipsoke or grouping of several hundreds which then had the obligation of providing a fighting ship. It is possible that the abbey did in fact provide the King Harold's ship. After
940-496: The appointment receiving papal confirmation in 1147. To secure this post for Hugh, the previous abbot, Daniel, was deposed. The story in John of Oxnead's Chronicle is that he was a capable and serious abbot but made powerful enemies who framed him by having a woman slipped into his bed and then sent armed men to punish the supposed crime by castrating him. After the violence, John of Oxnead says, Hugh's uncle King Stephen obtained for him
987-544: The balance was to be funded by subscriptions. Adey acted as clerk to the Bure Commissioners, while John Smith was appointed as engineer. Work began on 29 June 1774, and the lock and cut at Coltishall were completed by 16 March 1775, when the first boat used the lock. Progress after that was slow, for in October 1777 Smith announced that he had spent £3,600 so far, but estimated that a further £2,951 would be required to complete
SECTION 20
#17328554359181034-407: The diocese of Norwich. Though the monastery was supposed to continue as a community, within a few years at least the monks had dispersed. Today there remain only ruins . The early history of the monastery has to be told tentatively since it is difficult to reconcile the surviving sources with what is known of the bigger picture of the development of the area. It is said that St Benet's was founded on
1081-542: The early 10th century, the relics of the martyred king, St Edmund had been venerated. With this new endowment, under the auspices of the Bishop of Elmham , the original community was reinforced or replaced by a party consisting of half of the monks of St Benet's Abbey under Prior Uvius or Ufi. They arrived bearing half of all the furniture, books, sacred vestments and other worship items belonging to St Benet's. Ufi became Bury's first abbot and governed until his death in 1043. He
1128-492: The failed Revolt of the Earls against William the Conqueror and his subsequent flight to Brittany may have caused later patrons to divert their benefactions to other monasteries. Nevertheless, benefactions there were, to the points that by the late 13th century St Benet's had property in 76 parishes. One of the abbey's great benefactors was Sir John Fastolf , the inspiration for Shakespeare's Falstaff , who died at Caister and
1175-611: The gatehouse and mill from the Diocese of Norwich. The ruins of the church remain the property of the diocese, which has leased them to the Trust for 199 years. In recent years essential conservation repairs have been carried out on the ruins and visits to the site have been facilitated by the laying out of a new car park and access paths, while large numbers of volunteers undertook graffiti recording, molehill and wildlife surveys, and maintenance and provided guides. Aside from several scientific studies,
1222-402: The gatehouse, which is now a Grade I listed building. In the second half of the 18th century, a farmer built a windmill, later converted to a windpump , inside the abbey gatehouse, removing the second floor of the gatehouse in the process. From the early 18th century, active attention was paid to drainage of the marshland around the site. From various surviving illustrations, it appears that
1269-525: The lease for a mill and a piece of land were four fat cocks a year, land at Potter Heigham was paid each year with a supply of beer for the monks, another stretch of land at Banningham was rented for eight measures of honey and a property in London for a pound of pepper and a pound of cummin, while two churches, one at Stalham and one in Norwich had to present the abbey annually with a pound of incense each. That
1316-699: The navigation until 1912, when a disastrous flood damaged the locks. Assessment of the damage suggested that repairs would cost £4,500, which the Commissioners could not find, and so the navigation was abandoned. This act was formalised in 1928, when it was officially abandoned. Oxnead Lamas Lock was filled in, in 1933, but the other structures remain, although the lock gates have been replaced by sluices. [REDACTED] Media related to River Bure at Wikimedia Commons 52°37′03″N 1°43′19″E / 52.61751°N 1.72203°E / 52.61751; 1.72203 St. Benet%27s Abbey St Benet's Abbey , also known as St Benet's at Holme or St Benet Hulme ,
1363-679: The northern border of the Halvergate Marshes , through Runham and Great Yarmouth where it meets Breydon Water and flows into the sea at Gorleston . It has two major tributaries, the River Thurne and the River Ant . There is also Muck Fleet which connects the Trinity Broads (Ormesby, Rollesby and Filby Broad) to the main network. Other minor tributaries include the River Hor , which joins
1410-510: The post of abbot of Chertsey Abbey (1149-1163) in Surrey and at St Benet's Abbot Daniel returned to his post. Subsequently, the death of King Stephen lead to a hostile climate in England for the family and Henry of Blois fled from England in 1155. Hugh followed, returning to Champagne and becoming once more a monk of Tiron Abbey . However, when trouble arose at Lagny Abbey , he was made abbot there (1163-1171). Though an active abbot, for some reason
1457-544: The present day (the l in the modern spelling is due to hypercorrection ). The second part of the name is thought to derive from the Old English word halh ('nook') but the origin of the first part is uncertain; one guess is that it was an otherwise unattested personal name Coccede or Cohhede , and thus meant 'Coccede's nook'. But The Cambridge Dictionary of English Place-Names concludes that "the recorded forms are too few and contradictory for satisfactory explanation". In
Coltishall - Misplaced Pages Continue
1504-569: The site has become the focus of intense local interest. On 2 August 1987 a cross made from oak from the royal estate at Sandringham was erected on the high altar. The years listed are election dates. During the Dissolution of the Monasteries the Vicar General was said to have noted the poverty in which the brothers of St Benet-at-Home committed to live in by contrast to the opulence of
1551-505: The site of a 9th-century monastery where the hermit Suneman was martyred by the Danes . About the end of the 10th century it was rebuilt by one Wulfric. A generation later, c. 1022, King Canute conferred on it his manors of Horning , Ludham and Neatishead . Canute appears to have endowed at the same time another Benedictine monastery that was later Bury St Edmunds Abbey , at Beodricsworth, afterwards known as St Edmundsbury, where since
1598-412: The title of Abbot of St Benet's reaffirming their historic role. The Bishop in their role as Abbot appoints a local vicar as Prior of St Benet-at-Holme, who in turn appoints 12 lay monks to assist with his role. Every year on the first Sunday of August the Bishop of Norwich, in their role as Abbot, arrives at St Benet's standing in the bow of a wherry , to meet pilgrims, and preach an annual service amongst
1645-528: The vicinity. The work was completed by the second abbot, Thurstan, who when he died in 1064 is reported to have been buried before the altar in the chapel of St Michael within the abbey church. At the time of the Norman conquest King Harold Godwinson put the abbot of St Benet's, in charge of defending the East Anglian coast against invasion. The involvement with military naval matters was naturally incumbent upon
1692-510: The village, was one of the most photographed mills in Britain until it burned down in 1963. According to the 2011 Census , Coltishall has a population of 1,503 residents living in 692 households. Coltishall falls within the constituency of Broadland and is represented at Parliament by Jerome Mayhew MP of the Conservative Party . Coltishall's parish church is of Norman origin and
1739-697: The village. In 1939, RAF Coltishall was opened as a base for the Hawker Hurricanes of No. 242 Squadron RAF , with the famous fighter ace Douglas Bader being based in Coltishall during the Second World War . RAF Coltishall continue to be used by the Royal Air Force until its closure in November 2006 following a Ministry of Defence review. The site is today operated as HM Prison Bure , which houses Male Category C prisoners. Horstead watermill, close to
1786-456: The work. It appears that the money had run out, but Smith was persuaded to carry on after 18 traders and landowners provided loans of between £50 and £150. John Green of Wroxham was appointed as joint engineer in March 1779, and the new waterway finally opened in October 1779. Five locks were provided, at Aylsham, Burgh-near-Aylsham Mill, Oxnead Mill, Buxton Mill at Oxnead Lamas and Coltishall. Within
1833-515: Was Adela, Queen of France and he was a nephew of King Stephen of England and of the King's brother Henry of Blois Henry of Blois, Bishop of Winchester . Hugh became a knight and was wounded in battle about 1136. Cared for at Tiron Abbey in France , when he recovered he decided to become a monk there. Later he was made abbot of St Benet's (1146-1150) thanks to his uncle King Stephen (or Henry of Blois),
1880-519: Was a medieval monastery of the Order of Saint Benedict situated at Cow Holm in Horning , Norfolk , England . It lay on the River Bure within the Broads . St Benet is a medieval English version of the name of St Benedict of Nursia , hailed as the founder of western monasticism . At the period of the Dissolution of the Monasteries the abbey 's possessions were in effect seized by the crown and assigned to
1927-426: Was blessed as abbot by the Bishop of London . His successor (1044–1065) was Leofstan, another of the former St Benet's monks. Other early benefactors of St Benet's included Earl Ralf II of East Anglia and Edith Swannesha , concubine to Harold II . In 1065 St Benet's Abbey was in good enough condition to establish a cell, later Rumburgh Priory in Suffolk . However, towards the end of the 12th century this became
Coltishall - Misplaced Pages Continue
1974-510: Was buried at St Benet's in December 1459, next to his wife Millicent in a new aisle built by Fastolf himself on the south side of the abbey church. The bulk of his fortune passed to Magdalen College , Oxford , but his intention to establish a chantry at Caister Castle did not materialize. After the Dissolution the greater part of the buildings at the site were demolished, with the exclusion of
2021-520: Was carried away from pits which were served by a system of navigable dikes on the estate of Horstead Hall. The marl trade continued until 1870, but the dikes remain, in an area called Little Switzerland. At each of the mills, cuts were made to accommodate the locks, but at Aylsham a longer cut of about 1 mile (1.6 km) was made, ending at a basin where warehouses were constructed. Boats could also get from there to Aylsham Mill Pool, which enabled them to deliver grain and carry flour away. The navigation
2068-423: Was deposed in 1171 and died shortly afterwards, being buried at the abbey. Despite elements of success, both material and spiritual, the abbey may have struggled to compete in religious prestige, lacking as it did the relics of an important saint. It seems that alongside a circumscribed veneration for the memory of the hermit Wulfric or Wulfey, who was said to have occupied the site before the abbey's foundation, in
2115-598: Was reasonably successful until 1880, when railway competition arrived, in the form of the East Norfolk Railway , which followed the Bure valley. The East Norfolk later became part of the Great Eastern Railway . Further competition arrived in 1883, when the Eastern and Midlands Railway opened a railway station near the terminal basin on its line from Melton Constable to North Walsham. Despite this, wherries were using
2162-552: Was stated at the time that the river could be improved to enable boats to reach the house. Vessels could not travel beyond Coltishall, and so Aylsham was served by carts, either loaded from wherries at Coltishall and carried north, or loaded from boats at Cromer and carried south. Plans to extend the limit of navigation were drawn up in 1773. An Act of Parliament was obtained on 7 April 1773, authorising improvements from Coltishall to Aylsham, which John Adey estimated would cost £6,000. Some £1,500 had already been raised or promised, and
2209-449: Was to continue for a long period of time. In the reign of Henry II (1154–1189) the church at Ranworth , which was the property of the abbey, was stolen bodily, and being a timber building, was dismantled and spirited away. It took a command from the King to have it returned. John of Oxnead (de Oxenedes), a 13th-century monk of St Benet's, says in his Chronicle that Abbot Aelfwold was later able to return and resume his post, dying at
#917082