68-612: The River Ant is a tributary river of the River Bure in the county of Norfolk , England. It is 27 kilometres (17 mi) long (of which 8.75 miles are now navigable), and has an overall drop of 27 metres from source to mouth. It is said that the Ant was formerly known as the River Smalea and that this is the origin of the name of the village of Smallburgh . The modern name is a back-formation from Antingham . The Ant Broads & Marshes NNR
136-585: A barn in the 18th, remains. To the west of the junction are the ruins of St Benet's Abbey, founded in 1019 by Benedictine monks . It is a scheduled monument and the designation covers a long causeway, which linked it to St James's Hospital. The remains of a Anglo-Saxon boat were found by the Environment Agency in August 2010 when working on the river during vital flood defence work. The boat, around 3 m (9.8 ft) long, had been hollowed out by hand from
204-436: A cost of £30,000 and opened on 25 July 1826, making the river navigable as far as Dilham , where the river widens and deepens. It carried manure, offal, flour, coal, and farm produce. In 1885, the canal was sold for £600, but the canal company's solicitor disappeared with the money. The flood of 1912 washed away several staithes. The wherry "Ella" made the final trading journey on the canal from Bacton staithe in 1934. The canal
272-727: A hotel in Bavaria of dubious repute. Charles saw at first-hand the rise of the Nazi Party and used the company's assets in Germany to assist those trying to rescue Jewish families from Germany and Austria by bribing officials. Charles had two Jewish daughters in Vienna whom he had been unable to rescue. However, back in England in 1939 he was able to get the Austrian governess (a Miss Simpkiss) of his second family to
340-460: A month, the Commissioners found that silting of the river bed had occurred, reducing the navigable depth, and dredging of the river bed using a scoop, known locally as a didle, was a regular activity. Small wherries, capable of carrying 13 tons, were used for the carriage of flour, agricultural produce, coal and timber. A brickyard at Oxnead was also served by the boats, while below Coltishall, marl
408-563: A multitude of small parts for the parent plants. It also assembled moisture extraction units and the SR range of diesel generators employing 200-250 personnel until it was closed in 1971 because of a downturn in demand for diesel engines.<6> In 1986 Hawker Siddeley merged Lister and Petter to form a new company, Lister Petter Ltd. However, the changed economic situation of the 1990s, combined with their main market of Asia now industrialising itself and producing far cheaper often copied products, led to
476-550: A pre-packaged administration - which avoided the company's legal obligations to pay the required 250 redundancy packages, which were instead paid by the Government - the company's association with Dursley ended in April 2014, when assembly production moved to Hardwicke, Stroud and the parts supply store to a former Royal Air Force hangar at Aston Down . The Lister Hall theatre in Dursley
544-405: A quickly declining market and resultant profit margin. In 1992, Hawker Siddeley was acquired by BTR plc for £1.5bn. Burdened by debts after years of acquisition, in 1999 BTR merged with Siebe to form BTR Siebe plc, which was renamed Invensys plc. In preparation, BTR reviewed and decided to sell-off any subsidiary operations, which included Lister Petter. The shearing and accessories business
612-536: A range of 80 different sizes and types of diesel and petrol models, most of which were small at around 1.5 to 3 hp. These could be bought stand alone (many were used in the construction industry), or powering a complementary range of pumps, churns, cream separators, autotrucks, generating plant and sheep shearing equipment. The branded Woodware Works continued to produce ornamental tubs, garden seats and other ornamental garden furniture. The company headquarters were in an early 16th-century Priory building in Dursley. In
680-447: A row of chalets on pontoons, moored against the east bank of the river. The bridge is a modern concrete slab which carries the A149 road , with around 7 feet (2.1 m) of headroom, making it only passable by small pleasure craft. During excavations for a new road in 1976, the remains of what was probably a Roman boat were discovered in the peat about 40 feet (12 m) to the north-west of
748-553: A single piece of oak and was found at the bottom of the river between Honing Hall and Brown's Hill. Five animal skulls were found near the boat, which was taken to specialists in York to be treated with special preservatives. Once the treatment has been completed the boat will be delivered to the Castle Museum in Norwich and put on display to the public. A special type of Norfolk wherry
SECTION 10
#1732845356007816-442: A single scoop wheel, which could also be driven by an auxiliary engine when there was no wind. It was operational until some time after 1935, but by 2007 only about 8 feet (2.4 m) of the tower remained, and a Lister diesel engine drove the pump. The river follows a fairly straight course until it reaches the photogenic Hunsett Drainage Mill . The structure dates from 1860, and originally drove two scoop wheels to raise water into
884-440: A small marshman's house which was refurbished in the 1980s, and is furnished to show what life was like in the 1880s. Visitors can also walk through the gardens, where there is a tea room, but the grade II listed How Hill House is an educational centre, and is not open to the public. How Hill staithe has a thatched boathouse, and the reeds which are cut for thatching are often stacked on the staithe to allow them to dry. Below How Hill
952-460: A staple, notably the ALPHA water-cooled industrial and marine engines (2-, 3- or 4-cylinder) and the "T" air-cooled series (1-, 2- or 3-cylinder). Engines and diesel generating sets continued to be assembled and sold from a factory on the original Dursley site, with the product range expanded to include more powerful engines and a wider range of generating set specifications. In 2007 a new heavy-duty engine,
1020-428: A village with some fine thatched and half-timbered cottages. The church building of St Michael is grade II* listed , and much of the fabric dates from the 14th and 15th centuries, although it was restored in 1839 and 1844. Like the cottages, it has a thatched roof. As the river meanders through the flat Broadland countryside, there are several drainage mills along its banks. The first is Clayrack Drainage Mill , near to
1088-546: A wide variety of light tasks such as pumping and small-scale electricity generation. The Lister 'D' is still one of the most widely seen vintage stationary engines in the UK. Hand-cranked Lister diesel engines were used in many early dumpers . Lister took over Blackstone & Co in 1937 to form Lister Blackstone. The factory returned to war production at the onset of World War II, producing engines, lighting sets, agricultural implements and shell cases. HM Queen Mary , who spent much of
1156-539: Is Boardman's Windmill . It was built in the late 1800s, and in 1926 the original scoopwheel was replaced by an Apploid turbine. It ceased working in 1938 after it was damaged in a storm. Restoration by the Norfolk Windmills Trust began in 1981 and a cap and sails have been fitted, although they do not drive the turbine. Turf Fen drainage mill is on the west bank, and was built around 1875 to drain Horning marshes into
1224-519: Is a national nature reserve . The river's source is just east of the village of Antingham in North Norfolk at Antingham Ponds. Just below the pools the river's route has been used as a canal in the past, starting at what was Antingham bone mill . An Act of Parliament established the North Walsham and Dilham Canal in 1812, as a wide gauge canal able to take a Norfolk wherry . It was built at
1292-476: Is a slow-running (600 rpm) reliable engine, suitable for driving electric generators or irrigation pumps. CS type engines gained a reputation for longevity and reliability, especially in Commonwealth countries, to which they were widely exported. Some CS engines ran practically continuously for decades in agricultural, industrial and electrical applications. By 1936 Lister was producing 600 engines across
1360-447: Is another mill and another disused lock. At Honing Bridge the course enters The Broads , administered by The Broads Authority . Here the canal cuts through a marshy wooded area called Dilham Broad and again curves to the east before resuming its southerly course to pass under Tonnage Bridge. Below the bridge, it passes through Broad Fen , an area containing many drainage channels, and meets Tyler's Cut or Dilham Dyke, which runs off to
1428-513: Is the oldest boat found in Norfolk. A Roman road ran from the west side of the bridge to Water Newton in Cambridgeshire, but no trace of it has been found to the east of the bridge. Continuing downstream there are boat yards on both banks and the river passes the ruined remains of Moy's Drainage Mill, probably named after Percy Moy, who farmed land drained by the mill in the 1920s. The mill powered
SECTION 20
#17328453560071496-476: The 1940s and was demolished in the 1960s. Ludham Bridge carries the A1062 road over the Ant. The tidal influence on the river at the bridge is about 7 inches (18 cm). The river turns sharply east before straightening out a little. It then turns south and enters the river Bure at Ant Mouth. To the east of the junction are the remains of St James's Hospital. Only the chapel, built in the 14th century and converted into
1564-452: The Bure just upstream of Hoveton, The Mermaid which merges at Burgh-next-Aylsham and Scarrow Beck which meets the main river close to the village of Ingworth . The River Bure has been navigable for some 31 miles (50 km) as far as Horstead Mill, near Coltishall, since at least 1685, when cargoes of coal, corn and timber were carried to within 1 mile (1.6 km) of Meyton Manor House. It
1632-572: The Cadbury family or Terry's of York, had supplemented their workers' lifestyles through regular company-wide excursions. The firm was profitable in the 1930s, and able to provide town-wide medical services and a social club , which still exists. The most successful Lister engine was the D-type engine, introduced from 1931, most versions of which were rated at 1.5 horsepower at 700 RPM. More than 250,000 'D' engines were built until 1964. They were used for
1700-660: The Great Depression. Being sympathetic to their plight Charles suggested to Sir Robert that Listers should sue the banks for their money. Sir Robert was not impressed. However, Charles remained in Canada where he built up the North American business for Listers as well as pursuing other business opportunities on his own. He returned to England in about 1936 with his second wife, Doris Eleanor, and four new sons, Charles Owen, John, Frederick William and James Hugh. Although remaining
1768-509: The OMEGA, offering up to 268 kW, was added to the company's product range. Sales continued to fall, and in 2003 the company fell into its first period of administration. Rescued through another SWRDA-backed management buyout, the second company survived a further three years before again collapsing into administration. On this occasion, the workers via Unite the Union voted to remain in Dursley, but
1836-564: The South West Regional Development Agency . By this time, the core engine products were in demise, and the company was employing around 250 people on a turnover of £35M. Cost-cutting measures included closing the award-winning foundry in 2001, which had been one of the most advanced in Europe when it opened in 1937. In the early years of the 21st century, small, durable, reliable industrial and marine engines continued to be
1904-669: The UK and British Empire as "The Alexandra Cream Separator", its success resulted in Pedersen moving to Dursley. In 1899, he founded the Dursley Pedersen Cycle Company with Ashton Lister. Robert was a pioneer of business in Western Canada , and took the first cream separator in that region over the plains of Alberta in a journey made by horse buggy. By the early 1900s, R.A. Listers had redesigned Pedersen's cream separator, expanded its lines of sheep shearing machinery,
1972-544: The balance was to be funded by subscriptions. Adey acted as clerk to the Bure Commissioners, while John Smith was appointed as engineer. Work began on 29 June 1774, and the lock and cut at Coltishall were completed by 16 March 1775, when the first boat used the lock. Progress after that was slow, for in October 1777 Smith announced that he had spent £3,600 so far, but estimated that a further £2,951 would be required to complete
2040-414: The bridge. The remains were dug out by a mechanical excavator, before it was realised what they were. The work also discovered part of a wooden causeway, which ran from the site towards the ford which existed prior to the first bridge being built in 1797. Just below the bridge, a wooden dug-out canoe was discovered during dredging operations on the river in 1927. It was subsequently found to date from 720, and
2108-417: The broad by channels, including Catfield Wood End staithe to the east and Old Lime Kiln Dyke which ends at a staithe at Neatishead to the west. Britain's first solar powered passenger boat, called Ra , operates from Neatishead staithe. The Ant leaves Barton Broad at its south east corner, at a point which is officially the normal tidal limit It enters a stretch called "The Shoals" to the east of Irstead ,
River Ant - Misplaced Pages Continue
2176-476: The cloudy water. The broad is a nature reserve managed by the Norfolk Wildlife Trust and a Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI). Barton Broad is unique in that it has an island, called "Pleasure Hill". It is believed that Lord Nelson learnt to sail on Barton Broad prior to joining the navy when he was aged 12. The broad was owned by his sister at the time. There are several staithes connected to
2244-528: The company's business in North America and was based in Canada. George managed home sales and Frank was in charge of buying, while Cecil did not have a clearly defined role at all, and, although Robert was the eldest, it was Percy (later Sir Percy) who had by far the most significant impact. Developing foreign competition meant that the manufacturing of milk churns and barrels ceased, and the over supply of second-hand ex-military engines and lighting sets reduced
2312-464: The company's profit considerably. The company was eventually turned round under Percy's control, aided by the introduction in 1926 of the Lister Auto-Truck , used to move goods around factories, railway stations and dockyards the world over; production continued until 1973. As managing director Percy led the firm through a period of significant growth and prosperity in the 1920s and 1930s. By 1926
2380-457: The company's registered headquarters were moved to Hardwicke , south of Gloucester , 11 miles (18 km) away. After SWRDC sold the original factory site for redevelopment to specialist St. Modwen Properties , the residual engineering group announced its intention in March 2013 to relocate from Dursley. In Autumn 2013, the company fell into a third period of administration. Rescued quickly through
2448-590: The concentrations of various chemicals against known safe concentrations, is rated good or fail. The water quality of the River Ant system was as follows in 2019. The reasons for the quality being less than good are largely a result of the physical modification of the channel, and for the North Walsham and Dilham Canal section, the volume of surface water and groundwater abstracted for agriculture and land management. Some improvements have been made to this section, as it
2516-415: The continent. He and the rest of the family packed her suitcase with clothes in which they stuffed huge quantities of cash. This mission proved successful and all returned England just before the outbreak of World War II. Listers had continued to flourish during the 1930s, riding the economic financial crisis and building on its many earlier successes. The Lister family, although not as highly religious as
2584-527: The county of Norfolk, England , most of it in the Broads . The Bure rises near Melton Constable , 11 miles (18 km) upstream of Aylsham , which was the original head of navigation . Nowadays, the head of navigation is 10 miles (16 km) downstream at Coltishall Bridge. After Aylsham Lock and Burgh Bridge, the Bure passes through Buxton Lammas , Coltishall , Belaugh , Wroxham , Horning , past St. Benet's Abbey , through Oby , Acle , Stokesby , along
2652-552: The death of Charles Ashton Lister CBE (1871 to 1965), Lister was acquired by Hawker Siddeley , who had bought its old rival Petter Diesels in 1957. A large investment was made in 1966 when they also bought the old Gresham & Craven plant in Walkden, Lancashire . This plant had a large iron foundry, pattern shop and machine shop. It was reorganised to supply diesel engine parts that were previously bought from sub-contractors, including: cylinder heads, crankcases, flywheels, gearcases and
2720-407: The entrance to Crome's Broad. This was moved here from Ranworth Marshes in 1981, as it was derelict and at risk of being lost forever. It is one of only three hollow post windpumps in Norfolk, and is maintained by the Norfolk Windmills Trust. After being moved, it was restored in 1983 by Richard Seago, and in 2018 its sails had been removed for repair. A little further downstream, also on the east bank
2788-437: The factory was focused solely on War Department production, producing petrol engines, lighting sets and munitions. Many of the men left for the front, meaning that a large portion of the workforce was female. After the war, Sir Robert Lister retired and turned management at Dursley over to his grandsons (sons of Charles Ashton Lister CBE) Robert, Frank, Percy and George together with A. E. Mellerup. Charles Ashton Lister managed
River Ant - Misplaced Pages Continue
2856-483: The first of Lister's own design of "CS" (cold start) diesel engine was made. With one cylinder and producing 9 horsepower (6.7 kW), it became known as the Lister 9-1. This was quickly followed by the 5-1, 10-2, 18-2 and 38-4, all in 1930; the 27-3 in 1931; and 3-1, CD and CE in 1933. Lister engines were traditionally painted a mid-range shade of Brunswick Green , which continues to be used today by Lister Petter . The CS
2924-502: The majority shareholder of Listers the running of the company was left in the hands of his first family led by Sir Percy. Before going to North America Charles had been responsible for securing bad debt in Germany for R A Lister, during that country’s period of hyper-inflation. Always the pragmatist Charles settled debt at 40% of its value in marks. In order to try to protect the value of the funds repaid he invested in German property including
2992-407: The navigation channel is flanked on both sides by reedbeds. The river banks of Barton Fen are crowded with trees, marshes , and reeds , the latter formerly harvested and used for thatching for centuries past. As the river nears Barton Broad it passes a triangular island called The Heater. The channels either side lead to Barton Turf staithe and its boatyard. The river now enters Barton Broad ,
3060-651: The navigation until 1912, when a disastrous flood damaged the locks. Assessment of the damage suggested that repairs would cost £4,500, which the Commissioners could not find, and so the navigation was abandoned. This act was formalised in 1928, when it was officially abandoned. Oxnead Lamas Lock was filled in, in 1933, but the other structures remain, although the lock gates have been replaced by sluices. [REDACTED] Media related to River Bure at Wikimedia Commons 52°37′03″N 1°43′19″E / 52.61751°N 1.72203°E / 52.61751; 1.72203 R A Lister and Company R A Lister & Company
3128-545: The nearby valley was located a foundry, together with a number of other workshops necessary for the production of engines and the various other products offered, including a machining shop, capstan lathe shop, engine assembly lines, and a coopers' shop. Many goods were shipped out from the nearby Dursley railway station , which was located on land leased from Lister. During the late 1920s Sir Robert and Charles Ashton Lister had been responsible for trying to obtain payments of bad debts incurred by American and Canadian farmers during
3196-679: The northern border of the Halvergate Marshes , through Runham and Great Yarmouth where it meets Breydon Water and flows into the sea at Gorleston . It has two major tributaries, the River Thurne and the River Ant . There is also Muck Fleet which connects the Trinity Broads (Ormesby, Rollesby and Filby Broad) to the main network. Other minor tributaries include the River Hor , which joins
3264-472: The river makes a wide horseshoe bend, passing Neaves Drainage mill as it heads towards Ludham Bridge. The mill was built in 1870, but was becoming derelict in the 1970s. The wooden boat-shaped cap was replaced by an aluminium one in 2009, as the wood was rotten, and it lacks sails. Ludham Bridge drainage mill was built around 1877, but had lost its sails and fantail by 1934. During the Second World War it
3332-415: The river. It ceased working in 1944, and was restored between 1984 and 1987. The scoop wheel was refurbished in 2007, but by 2018, it did not have any sails. Next the river passes How Hill nature reserve, which is open to the public. There are a number of nature trails, passing through sedge beds, marsh meadow and carr woodland. Access is on foot, or in an electric boat. The site includes Toad Hole Cottage,
3400-399: The river. It was restored externally in 1945, but does not contain any internal machinery. The river turns to the south and passes a channel leading eastwards to the staithes at Stalham and Sutton. Stalham Dyke turns to the north-east, to reach a network of jetties and boat years, while Sutton Dyke continues dues east to the staithe, passing through Sutton Broad which is no longer open water, as
3468-475: The same year founded R.A.Lister and Company in the former Howard's Lower Mill, Water Street in Dursley to manufacture agricultural machinery. In 1889 Robert acquired the UK rights to manufacture and sell Danish engineer Mikael Pedersen 's new cream separator , which through a spinning centrifugal separator allowed the machine to run at a constant speed and hence create a regular consistency of cream. Marketed in
SECTION 50
#17328453560073536-505: The second largest of the Broads, its size only exceeded by Hickling Broad. It has a surface area of 170 acres (0.69 km) and since 1995, much work has been carried out to increase the amount of open water and to dredge polluted mud from the bottom of the broad. Despite opposition from Natural England, the Broads Authority used curtains of bubbles to stop fish from entering the broad. This allowed water fleas to proliferate, which cleared
3604-585: The war at nearby Badminton House, toured the factory in 1940, and Lister increased war production by opening components and sub-assembly plants in Nympsfield (1942), Wotton-under-Edge (1943) and Cinderford (1944). After World War II, Lister bought Marine Mountings of Swindon from the Admiralty, which became the home of the D Type production till 1963 when the SR range became its main product, together with SL and LD models in 1-4 cylinder versions. Marine Mountings
3672-468: The west. It served the villages of Dilham and Smallburgh , and was the furthest north that the River Ant could be navigated prior to the construction of the North Walsham and Dilham Canal. Below the junction, the course reverts to the river, although it is no longer obvious where the original course of the river was above this point. At Wayford Bridge the river passes the Wayford Bridge Hotel and
3740-408: The work. It appears that the money had run out, but Smith was persuaded to carry on after 18 traders and landowners provided loans of between £50 and £150. John Green of Wroxham was appointed as joint engineer in March 1779, and the new waterway finally opened in October 1779. Five locks were provided, at Aylsham, Burgh-near-Aylsham Mill, Oxnead Mill, Buxton Mill at Oxnead Lamas and Coltishall. Within
3808-460: The workforce was around 2000 and was growing rapidly; the company ran a 24-hour manufacturing operation, expanding its range of products and supplying retailers to around 6000 UK customers and many more worldwide. Retailing revenues were particularly healthy in Australia and New Zealand, where sheep-shearing equipment was in great demand. In 1929, Sir Robert died at the age of 84, and in the same year
3876-520: Was carried away from pits which were served by a system of navigable dikes on the estate of Horstead Hall. The marl trade continued until 1870, but the dikes remain, in an area called Little Switzerland. At each of the mills, cuts were made to accommodate the locks, but at Aylsham a longer cut of about 1 mile (1.6 km) was made, ending at a basin where warehouses were constructed. Boats could also get from there to Aylsham Mill Pool, which enabled them to deliver grain and carry flour away. The navigation
3944-504: Was closed in 19??.<5> Having survived World War II, Lister continued to benefit from its reputation for durable, reliable high-quality engines, and its pedigree as an old-established firm. However labour costs in the post-war period made a return to the heyday of the 1920s and 1930s impossible. Competition from rivals such as Petter and from overseas were also factors to be contended with, and unauthorized copycat engines ("Listeroids") were produced in other countries. In 1965 following
4012-484: Was formerly part of the social centre for the firm. Although R A Lister ceased production of many of its well-known models many years ago, many of these engine are still in use today all over the world. Lister also built light trucks fitted with their engines, for use around factories. From 1926 to 1968 they built light narrow gauge railway locomotives, weighing as little as 1½ tons, typically used by small brickworks and on peat bogs. The locos were often characterised by
4080-531: Was founded in Dursley , Gloucestershire, England, in 1867 by Sir Robert Ashton Lister (1845–1929), to produce agricultural machinery. In 1986 it was bought and merged. In 2014, after 147 years, residual assembly production moved to Hardwicke, Stroud . The founder of R A Lister and Company was Robert Ashton Lister, who was born in 1845. He led the exhibit of the family's products to the Paris Exhibition of 1867 , but on return fell out with his father, and in
4148-487: Was never nationalised and still belongs to the North Walsham Canal Company. The river, now in its canal form, curves around the north east of the town of North Walsham passing Bacton Wood Mill. Below Bacton Mill the canal reaches a lock at Ebridge mill. The lock is in poor condition but it is hoped that this section of canal will one day be restored and made navigable again. Further on at Briggate Bridge there
SECTION 60
#17328453560074216-491: Was producing milk churns and wooden barrels for butter , and from the off-cuts developed a successful line of wood-based garden furniture . In 1909 the company acquired manufacturing rights from the London -based firm of F.C. Southwell & Co. for their design of petrol-driven engines (derived from the design of a range of imported engines made by the U.S. based Stover Manufacturing and Engine Company ). During World War I ,
4284-405: Was rated Bad from 2013 to 2015. Like most rivers in the UK, the chemical status changed from good to fail in 2019, due to the presence of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) and perfluorooctane sulphonate (PFOS), neither of which had previously been included in the assessment. [REDACTED] Media related to River Ant at Wikimedia Commons River Bure The River Bure is a river in
4352-598: Was reasonably successful until 1880, when railway competition arrived, in the form of the East Norfolk Railway , which followed the Bure valley. The East Norfolk later became part of the Great Eastern Railway . Further competition arrived in 1883, when the Eastern and Midlands Railway opened a railway station near the terminal basin on its line from Melton Constable to North Walsham. Despite this, wherries were using
4420-431: Was sold to a management buyout , the core large engine products were acquired by Deutz AG , and the residual small engines business was cut down to a profitable concern and sold in 1996 to Schroders Venture Capital . In 2000, with Schroders looking to exit, the firm was bought through a £13.5M management buyout , enabled through selling the original 92-acre (37 ha) Lister factory site at Littlecombe, Dursley to
4488-552: Was stated at the time that the river could be improved to enable boats to reach the house. Vessels could not travel beyond Coltishall, and so Aylsham was served by carts, either loaded from wherries at Coltishall and carried north, or loaded from boats at Cromer and carried south. Plans to extend the limit of navigation were drawn up in 1773. An Act of Parliament was obtained on 7 April 1773, authorising improvements from Coltishall to Aylsham, which John Adey estimated would cost £6,000. Some £1,500 had already been raised or promised, and
4556-424: Was used as a pillbox by the home guard. Just the brick tower remains, and it has a distinctive lean to one side. It was built to supplement the larger Beaumont's drainage mill to the south of Ludham Bridge, which was built between 1800 and 1802 when Ludham Marshes were enclosed. Both mills were assisted by a steam pumping engine, which was constructed closer to the bridge in the 1890s. Beaumont's mill became derelict in
4624-489: Was used on the Ant, measuring up to 50 by 12 feet (15.2 m × 3.7 m). The Environment Agency measure the water quality of the river systems in England. Each is given an overall ecological status, which may be one of five levels: high, good, moderate, poor and bad. There are several components that are used to determine this, including biological status, which looks at the quantity and varieties of invertebrates , angiosperms and fish. Chemical status, which compares
#6993