Misplaced Pages

#814185

47-510: The company makes, sells and distributes Coca-Cola products along with other beverages, distributing to a market of 65 million people in 14 states. Coca-Cola Consolidated is based in the southeast, midwest, and mid-atlantic portion of the United States. The Company has 13 manufacturing facilities, 80 distribution and warehouses, with corporate offices located in Charlotte, North Carolina. In 1902,

94-582: A word mark set at their high-order (lowest-addressed) position. When an operation such as addition is performed, the processor begins at the low-order position of the two fields and works its way to the high-order, just as a person would when adding with pencil and paper. The only limit on the length of such fields is the available memory. Instructions applicable to variable-length fields include: Add , Subtract , Multiply , Divide , Compare , Move Characters to A or B Word Mark , Move Characters and Edit . One or more adjacent variable-length fields can make up

141-462: A 16-pin gold-plated edge connector (single wide) or 5.375 by 4.5 inches (136.5 by 114.3 mm) with two 16-pin gold-plated edge connectors (double wide), that IBM referred to as SMS cards ( Standard Modular System ). The amount of logic on one card is similar to that in one 7400 series SSI or simpler MSI package (e.g., three to five logic gates or a couple of flip-flops on a single-wide card up to about twenty logic gates or four flip-flops on

188-571: A 4000-character memory module. One such module is housed within the 1401's primary enclosure. Systems were commonly available with two, three, or four such modules. The additional modules are contained in an add-on box, the 1406 Core Memory Unit, which is about two feet square and three feet high. Operands in memory are accessed serially, one memory location at a time, and the 1401 can read or write one memory location within its basic cycle time of 11.5 microseconds. All instruction timings are cited in multiples of this cycle time. The IBM 1403 printer

235-423: A branch target, "A" and "B" data) and unit address are three characters. The opcode modifier is one character. Instruction length is then 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, or 8 characters. Most instructions have to be followed by a word mark (a requirement commonly met by the word mark with the opcode of the next instruction). See Character and op codes for a list of operations. A three-character memory address in an instruction

282-407: A card stores the 80 columns of data from a card into memory locations 001–080. Index registers 1, 2 and 3 are in memory locations 087–089, 092-094 and 097-099 respectively. Punch a card punches the contents of memory locations 101-180 into a card. Write a line prints the contents of memory locations 201–332. The 1401's instruction format is Opcodes are one character. Memory addresses ("I"

329-621: A deal for Consolidated expansion in the area. The company, some of which its locales are unionized by the Teamsters, has seen strike initiatives. Coca-Cola Consolidated sponsors local events and many community organizations, including the YMCA . Since 2008, Coca-Cola Consolidated has partnered with the World Wildlife Fund (WWF) to promote sustainable water policies, including water reuse practices, to protect and restore aquatic diversity. Following

376-412: A double-wide card). The SMS cards were inserted in sockets on hinged swing-out racks, that IBM referred to as gates . The modules used were fairly delicate, compared to previous unit-record equipment, so IBM shipped them enclosed in a newly invented packing material, bubble wrap . This was one of the first widespread uses of this packing; it greatly impressed recipients, and brought great publicity to

423-526: A final list of about twenty names, "Tabb" was chosen, influenced by the possible play on words, and shortened to "Tab" during development. Packaging designer Robert Sidney Dickens gave the name the capitalization pattern ("TaB") used in the logo as well as creating a new bottle design for the soft drink. For a time in the 1970s, Coca-Cola introduced six variety flavors of Tab (all of which were also sugar-free): Root Beer , Lemon-Lime, Ginger Ale , Black Cherry, Strawberry, and Orange. A caffeine -free version of

470-442: A group-mark character with a word mark immediately following its low-order position. A sequence of operations on adjacent fields can be "chained", using the addresses left in the address registers by the previous operation. For example, addition of adjacent data fields might be coded as A 700,850 , A 695,845 , A 690,840 . With chaining, this can be coded as A 700,850 , A , A - omitting data address from

517-435: A one-card program to print the deck of cards following it, and another to duplicate a deck to the card punch. See Tom Van Vleck's web site. Here is a one-card program which will print "HELLO, WORLD!". Pressing LOAD (above) reads one card, and begins execution at 001 (the first , ). The program will automatically set its own wordmarks, assuming that the first , has a wordmark already. Following conventional IBM notation,

SECTION 10

#1732856062815

564-454: A variable-length record. A variable-length record is addressed at its high-order position, its length defined by a group-mark character with a word mark or a record-mark character in its low-order position. The instruction Move Characters Record or Group Mark can be used to assemble a block of records. A variable-length record, or block of records, to be written to magnetic tape is addressed at its high-order position, its length defined by

611-518: Is an encoding of a five-digit memory address. The three low-order digits of the five-digit address, 000 to 999, are specified by the numeric bits of the three characters. The zone bits of the high-order character specify an increment as follows: A 1000, B 2000, B and A together 3000, giving an addressability of 4,000 memory locations. The zone bits of the low-order character specify increments of 4000, 8000, or 12000, to address 16,000 memory locations (with an IBM 1406 Storage Unit). For example,

658-454: Is an executable instruction, the word marks in locations 002-080 (if any) are cleared, and execution starts with the instruction at location 001. That is always the dyadic Set Word Mark , to set word marks on the two following words (instructions). A single Set Word Mark instruction can set two word marks but requires one word mark to have been on itself, so a sequence of these instructions are needed, which incrementally set word marks in

705-528: Is considered by IBM to be the Ford Model-T of the computer industry due to its mass appeal. Over 12,000 units were produced and many were leased or resold after they were replaced with newer technology. The 1401 was withdrawn on February 8, 1971. The 1401 project evolved from an IBM project named "World Wide Accounting Machine" (WWAM), which in turn was a reaction to the success of the Bull Gamma 3 . The 1401

752-564: The Computer History Museum in Mountain View, California . Each alphanumeric character in the 1401 is encoded by six bits , called B,A,8,4,2,1 . The B,A bits are called zone bits and the 8,4,2,1 bits are called numeric bits, terms taken from the IBM 80 column punched card . IBM called the 1401's character code BCD ("binary-coded decimal"), even though that term describes only

799-518: The IBM 1410 ) but the 1964 decision at the top to focus resources on the System/360 ended these efforts rather suddenly. IBM was facing a competitive threat from the Honeywell 200 and the 360's incompatibility with the 1401 design. IBM pioneered the use of microcode emulation , in the form of ROM , so that some System/360 models could run 1401 programs. Due to its popularity and mass-production,

846-513: The October 2015 North American storm complex Consolidated donated bottled water to flood victims. It also supports public school teachers in Arkansas. Tab (drink) Tab (stylized as TaB ) was a diet cola soft drink produced and distributed by The Coca-Cola Company , introduced in 1963 and discontinued in 2020. The company's first diet drink, Tab was popular among some people throughout

893-732: The United States Environmental Protection Agency removed saccharin from its list of hazardous substances. Tab's popularity began to decline in 1982 with the introduction of Diet Coke, although Tab retained something of a cult following in the United States, where customers purchased about 3 million cases in 2008. In 2011, the Coca-Cola Company reported that it produced approximately 3 million cases of Tab that year (in contrast to 885 million cases of Diet Coke). John Sicher, editor of Beverage Digest , commented in 2013: [Tab] has pockets of popularity around

940-454: The 1401 was also frequently used as an off-line peripheral controller for mainframe computers . In such installations, with an IBM 7090 for example, the mainframe computers used only magnetic tape for input-output. It was the 1401 that transferred input data from slow peripherals (such as the IBM 1402 Card Read-Punch) to tape, and transferred output data from tape to the card punch, the IBM 1403 Printer, or other peripherals. This allowed

987-504: The 1960s and 1970s as an alternative to Coca-Cola . Several variations were made, including a number of fruit-flavored, root beer , and ginger ale versions. Caffeine-free and clear variations were released in the late 1980s and early 1990s. Following studies in the early 1970s that linked saccharin , Tab's main sweetener , with bladder cancer in rats, the United States Congress mandated warning labels on products containing

SECTION 20

#1732856062815

1034-592: The 1960s to 1980s. It was also sold in the United Kingdom from the late 1970s to the mid 1990s. As part of their efforts to scale back on under-performing brands during the COVID-19 pandemic , in October 2020, Coca-Cola announced that it was discontinuing Tab, along with Coca-Cola Life, Delaware Punch , Diet Coke Feisty Cherry, Northern Neck Ginger Ale, Diet Northern Neck Ginger Ale, Odwalla, and Zico. As of June 2021, Tab

1081-854: The Company's total outstanding common stock, representing approximately 5% of the total voting power of the Company's combined Common Stock and Class B Common Stock. J. Frank Harrison III, the Chairman of the Board and the Chief Executive Officer of the Company, owns shares of Common Stock and Class B Common Stock representing approximately 86% of the total voting power of the Company's combined stock and Class B Common Stock. In June 2018, Kentucky governor Matt Bevin announced tax incentives of $ 3.5 million for Consolidated to expand in Erlanger . The incentives were part of

1128-652: The IBM 1401 was often considered to be the first electronic mainframe computer to be introduced in various countries, such as Singapore (1963; for the Central Provident Fund Board ) and South Korea (1967; for the Economic Planning Board ). During the 1970s, IBM installed many 1401s in India and Pakistan where they were in use well into the 1980s. Two 1401 systems have been restored to operating order at

1175-498: The Tab formula, which alienated a significant portion of its market, and resulted in numerous consumer complaints regarding a perceived change in flavor. In the absence of further evidence that saccharin caused cancer in humans, the substance was delisted in 2000 from the U.S. National Toxicology Program ’s Report on Carcinogens ; this led to the repealing of the warning label requirements for products containing saccharin. In December 2010,

1222-559: The character. C is calculated automatically and is also not present on punched cards. Each memory location then, has the following bits: C B A 8 4 2 1 M The 1401 was available in six memory configurations: 1,400, 2,000, 4,000, 8,000, 12,000, or 16,000 characters. Each character is addressable, addresses ranging from 0 through 15999. A very small number of 1401s were expanded to 32,000 characters by special request. Some operations use specific memory locations (those locations are not reserved and can be used for other purposes). Read

1269-637: The company that later became Coca-Cola Bottling Company Consolidated was founded by the current chairman's great-grandfather, J. B. Harrison. That company was merged with other bottlers to form Coca-Cola Bottling Co. Consolidated in 1973. The company was incorporated in 1980, acquired Wometco in 1985, and acquired Sunbelt Coca-Cola in 1991. In 2018, the company announced a major expansion into Kentucky. In October 2018, Coca-Cola Bottling Consolidated denied it had discontinued distribution of Tab , though it admitted it had reduced its distribution. As of January 1, 2017, The Coca-Cola Company owns approximately 35% of

1316-433: The company, three million cases of Tab were made in 2011, and the beverage retained a cult following . In 2006, a Tab-branded energy drink was released, though it used a different formula from the standard cola. Coca-Cola discontinued Tab at the end of 2020. Tab was created in 1963 by Coca-Cola after the successful sales and marketing of Diet Rite cola, owned by The Royal Crown Company. Previously, Diet Rite had been

1363-668: The country. You see it on shelves in New York and a few other places. It certainly is not a brand you would find in most stores in the U.S. It has a small but devoted following. Coke is right to keep it available. The product was also available in the United States Virgin Islands , the Southern African Customs Union , Norway (under the name Tab X-Tra ), Canada , and Spain . Tab was available in Australia in

1410-413: The decimal digit encoding. The 1401's alphanumeric collating sequence is compatible with the punched card collating sequence. Associated with each memory location are two other bits, called C for odd parity check and M for word mark . M is present in memory but not on punched cards, and has to be set using special machine instructions; when printing memory it is typically displayed by underlining

1457-424: The development of bladder cancer . As a result, the United States Congress mandated that further studies of saccharin be performed and required that all food containing saccharin bear a label warning that the sweetener had been shown to cause cancer in laboratory animals. Despite this, Tab remained commercially successful and was the best-selling diet soda in 1982. In May 1984, Coca-Cola introduced Nutrasweet into

Coca-Cola Consolidated - Misplaced Pages Continue

1504-516: The entire life of the machine!" By late 1961, the 2000 units installed in the USA were about one quarter of all electronic stored-program computers by all manufacturers. The number of installed 1401s peaked above 10,000 in the mid-1960s. "In all, by the mid-1960s nearly half of all computer systems in the world were 1401-type systems." The system was marketed until February 1971. Commonly used by small businesses as their primary data processing machines,

1551-825: The germanium-alloy transistors used), CTRL ( Complemented Transistor Resistor Logic , a type of resistor–transistor logic (RTL)). Later upgrades (e.g., the TAU-9 tape interface) use a faster type of DTL using "drift" transistors (a type of transistor invented by Herbert Kroemer in 1953) for their speed, that IBM referred to as SDTDL (Saturated Drift Transistor Diode Logic) . Typical logic levels of these circuits were (S & U Level) high: 0 V to -0.5V, low: -6 V to -12 V; (T Level) high: 6 V to 1 V, low: -5.5 V to -6 V. These circuits are constructed of discrete components (resistors, capacitors, transistors) mounted on single-sided paper-epoxy printed circuit boards either 2.5 by 4.5 inches (64 by 114 mm) with

1598-434: The mainframe's throughput to not be limited by the speed of a card reader or printer. (For more information, see spooling .) Some later installations (e.g., at NASA) included the 1401 as a front-end peripherals controller to an IBM 7094 in a Direct Coupled System (DCS). Elements within IBM, notably John Haanstra , an executive in charge of 1401 deployment, supported its continuation in larger models for evolving needs (e.g.,

1645-488: The material. Like most machines of the day, the 1401 uses magnetic-core memory . The cores are about 1 mm in diameter and use a four-wire arrangement (x, y, sense, and inhibit). The memory is arranged in planes of 4000 cores each, each core storing one bit. A stack of eight such planes store the six data bits, word mark bit, and parity bit for 4000 memory locations. Together with eight additional planes with fewer cores on them for additional storage functions, this made up

1692-409: The only sugarless soda on the market. Tab was marketed to consumers who wanted to "keep tabs" on their weight. Coca-Cola's marketing research department used its IBM 1401 computer to generate a list of over 185,000 four-letter words with one vowel, adding names suggested by the company's own staff; the list was stripped of any words deemed unpronounceable or too similar to existing trademarks. Of

1739-479: The original Tab flavor was introduced in 1983, alongside caffeine-free versions of Coca-Cola and Diet Coke. Tab Clear , a caramel color -free version of Tab, was released in the United States in 1992, and subsequently in the United Kingdom and Japan. Tab Clear was discontinued in 1994. In 2006, Coca-Cola introduced Tab Energy . Though it shares the Tab branding, its formula is entirely different from that of

1786-434: The program's code or data, and set word marks for subsequent Set Word Mark instructions. Execution of instructions in the card continues, setting word marks, loading the program into memory, and then branching to the program's start address. To read subsequent cards, an explicit Read command (opcode 1 ) must be executed as the last instruction on every card to get the new card's contents into locations 001–080. Note that

1833-454: The second and third instructions. The IBM 1401G was sold in six models: (G1 and G11: 1,400 storage positions ; G2 and G12 for 2,000; G3 and G13 for 4,000). One difference between the 1401 and 1401G is how the reader-punch is controlled. When the LOAD button on the 1402 Card Read-Punch is pressed, a card is read into memory locations 001–080, a word mark is set in location 001 to indicate that it

1880-494: The standard cola: it is sweetened with sucralose and has a sour , tart flavor. Tab was reformulated several times. It was initially sweetened with a mixture of cyclamate and saccharin . After the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued a ban on cyclamate in 1969, sodium saccharin was used as the beverage's primary sweetener. Studies on laboratory rats during the early 1970s linked high volumes of cyclamate and saccharin with

1927-524: The sweetener. The label requirement was later repealed when no plausibility was found for saccharin causing cancer in humans. Tab's popularity declined after the Coca-Cola company's introduction of Diet Coke in 1982, though it remained the best-selling diet soda of that year. Coca-Cola continued to produce Tab in the United States, though in considerably smaller quantities than its more popular mainstay beverages, such as Coca-Cola and Diet Coke. According to

Coca-Cola Consolidated - Misplaced Pages Continue

1974-543: The three-character address "I99" is a reference to memory location 3000 + 999, or 3999. The zone bits of the middle character of a three-character memory address can specify one of three index registers , one of many optional features. Operands referenced by the A-address and B-address can be: a single memory location, a variable-length field, or a variable-length record. Variable-length fields are addressed at their low-order (highest-addressed) position, their length defined by

2021-459: The underscores show where word marks are set in memory once the program has run; on punched cards they would not be indicated visually or present in the punched data. The program is: Most of the logic circuitry of the 1401 is a type of diode–transistor logic (DTL), that IBM referred to as CTDL (Complemented Transistor Diode Logic) . Other IBM circuit types were referred to as: Alloy (some logic, but mostly various non-logic functions, named for

2068-462: The word marks are not erased when the Read command is executed, but are kept as-is for the next card read in. This is convenient, because much of what the first few cards do is set word marks in the proper locations; having the first half dozen or so word marks set means the programmer does not need to set those word marks again. One-card programs can be written for various tasks. Commonly available were

2115-495: Was introduced in October 1959 with the 1401 Data Processing System. The printer was a completely new development. IBM software for the 1401 included: For the IBM Catalog of 1401 software, see IBM 1400 series . The 1401's operation codes are single characters. In many cases, particularly for the more common instructions, the character chosen is mnemonic for the operation: A for add, B for branch, S for subtract, etc. The table

2162-649: Was still available at Coca-Cola stores in Atlanta, Orlando, Las Vegas and select Georgia locations. In 2021, a group of Tab soda fans created the Save Tab Soda Committee. IBM 1401 The IBM 1401 is a variable-wordlength decimal computer that was announced by IBM on October 5, 1959. The first member of the highly successful IBM 1400 series , it was aimed at replacing unit record equipment for processing data stored on punched cards and at providing peripheral services for larger computers. The 1401

2209-419: Was used as an independent system in conjunction with IBM punched card equipment. It was also operated as auxiliary equipment to IBM 700 or 7000 series systems. Monthly rental for 1401 configurations started at US$ 2,500 (worth about $ 26,100 today). Demand exceeded expectations. "IBM was pleasantly surprised (perhaps shocked) to receive 5,200 orders in just the first five weeks – more than predicted for

#814185