62-745: The Coastal Sound Music Academy is a Canadian choral organization based in Coquitlam , British Columbia . It began as a children's choir within the Coquitlam school district in 1989; this was transitioned into the Coastal Sound Music Academy in 2003. Today, the academy offers several different children's choirs, a youth choir, and a 60-voice adult choir. The flagship of the Academy is the Children's Touring Concert Choir , an auditioned choir for children 8–15 years old with unchanged voices from throughout in
124-545: A Canada Day Celebration at Town Centre Park, the BC Dumpling Festival (mid-August), and the Blue Mountain Music Festival (mid-July). Coquitlam has a considerable number of open green spaces, with the total area of over 890 hectares (2,200 acres). There are over 80 municipal parks and natural areas, with Mundy Park located roughly in the centre of the city being the biggest, and Ridge Park located in
186-763: A bedroom community , the majority of Coquitlam residents commute to work in Vancouver, Burnaby, and other Metro Vancouver suburbs. Coquitlam's main industrial area lies in the southern Maillardville/Fraser Mills area near the Fraser River. Among the largest employers within Coquitlam are the City of Coquitlam with approximately 850 employees, Art in Motion with approximately 750 employees, and Hard Rock Casino with approximately 600 employees. Other major employers include Coca-Cola , Sony , and
248-562: A $ 350,000, then state-of-the-art lumber mill on the north bank of the Fraser River. The Corporation of the District of Coquitlam was incorporated in 1891. By 1908, a mill town of 20 houses, a store, post office, hospital, office block, barber shop, pool hall and Sikh temple had grown around the mill. A mill manager's residence was built that would later become Place des Arts . Over the next two years, several contingents of French Canadian mill workers arrived from Quebec , and Maillardville
310-458: A girl is not allowed to run, or even hurry, to swim, ride a bike, or raise her arms above her head, how can she become a Scout?" Nevertheless, Girl Scouts were registered at Scout Headquarters. In 1909, there was a Boy Scout rally at Crystal Palace in London . Among the thousands of Scouts at the rally were several hundred Girl Scouts, including a group of girls from Peckham Rye who had no tickets to
372-552: A mountain-fed water source, while the city maintains its own sewage management system. The nearest Supreme Court of British Columbia venue is the New Westminster Law Courts. Provincial Court of British Columbia cases were formerly handled through the Coquitlam Provincial Court, but this was closed in 1996 and moved to the new Port Coquitlam Provincial Court. Coquitlam is served by TransLink , which
434-526: A wealth of historic sites, gardens, a bike path, and an outdoor amphitheatre; it is also home to the Mackin Heritage Home & Toy Museum. The city is responsible for the maintenance of numerous sports and recreation fields, including 40 grass/sand/soil sports fields, five FieldTurf fields, 35 ball diamonds, several all-weather surfaces, a bowling green, a croquet / bocce court, and a cricket pitch. The city also operates Percy Perry Stadium and
496-523: Is a city in the Lower Mainland of British Columbia , Canada. Mainly suburban , Coquitlam is the sixth-largest city in the province , with a population of 148,625 in 2021, and one of the 21 municipalities comprising Metro Vancouver . The mayor is Richard Stewart . Simon Fraser explored the region in 1808, encountering the Indigenous Coast Salish peoples. Europeans started settling in
558-517: Is a large city park located in the central area of the city, it provides city residents with many recreational activities. Como Lake Park and Glen Park are also popular with local residents. Place des Arts is a non-profit teaching arts centre in Maillardville founded in 1972, offering programs in visual arts, music, acting, and dance. It features specialized programs for school students and home learners, and presents concerts and exhibitions for
620-510: Is regular bus service on numerous lines running throughout the city and connecting it to other municipalities in Metro Vancouver, with a major exchange at Coquitlam Central Station. The West Coast Express , with a stop at Coquitlam Central Station, provides commuter rail service west to downtown Vancouver and east as far as Mission . WCE operates Monday to Friday only (excluding holidays), with five trains per day running to Vancouver in
682-941: Is represented by three provincial MLAs in the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia . Rick Glumac ( British Columbia NDP ) represents the Port Moody-Coquitlam riding, while Joan Isaacs ( BC Liberals ) represents Coquitlam-Burke Mountain , and Selina Robinson (BC NDP) represents Coquitlam-Maillardville . In the 2018 civic election , Richard Stewart was reelected as mayor of Coquitlam, and Craig Hodge, Chris Wilson, Teri Towner, Bonita Zarillo, Brent Asmundson, Dennis Marsden, Trish Mandewo and Steve Kim were all elected to Coquitlam City Council . Coquitlam contracts out garbage and recycling services to International Paper Industries for city residents, but local businesses are responsible for their own garbage and recycling arrangements. Coquitlam Lake provides residents with
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#1732845101447744-580: Is responsible for both public transit and major roads. The city has four SkyTrain stations on the Millennium Line that are a part of the 10.9 km (6.8 mi) long Evergreen Extension. With a project cost of $ 1.4 billion, the line runs from the Coquitlam City Centre area, through Coquitlam Central Station and into Port Moody, re-entering Coquitlam on North Road and finally joining the existing Millennium Line at Lougheed Town Centre . There
806-662: Is said to be derived from a Coast Salish term "kʷikʷəƛ̓əm" meaning "red fish up the river". Explorer Simon Fraser came through the region in 1808, and in the 1860s Europeans gradually started settling the area. Coquitlam began as a "place-in-between" with the construction of North Road in the mid-19th century to provide Royal Engineers in New Westminster access to the year-round port facilities in Port Moody . The young municipality got its first boost in 1889 when Frank Ross and James McLaren opened what would become Fraser Mills ,
868-611: Is situated some 10 to 15 km (6.2 to 9.3 mi) east of Vancouver , where the Coquitlam River connects with the Fraser River and extends northeast along the Pitt River toward the Coquitlam and Pitt lakes. Coquitlam borders Burnaby and Port Moody to the west, New Westminster to the southwest, and Port Coquitlam to the southeast. Burke Mountain , Eagle Ridge , and 1,583 m (5,194 ft) tall Coquitlam Mountain form
930-551: The Bergen-Belsen displaced persons camp , while others served in British Malaya . There has been much discussion about how similar Girl Guiding and Girl Scouting should be to boys' Scouting programmes. While many girls have sought to follow similar practices as boys' groups, some girls' organisations have sought to avoid simply copying or mimicking the activities of boys' organisations. Julie Bentley , appointed chief executive of
992-640: The Coastal Sound International Choral Festival , a non-competitive biennial international choral festival introduced in 2005. The festival runs mainly at Simon Fraser University with satellite concerts around the Lower Mainland . The 2009 festival will feature ten choirs from Canada, the United States, and the Czech Republic. Coquitlam Coquitlam ( / k oʊ ˈ k w ɪ t l ə m / koh- KWIT -ləm )
1054-543: The Metro Vancouver area. The choir has toured extensively through Europe, Cuba and China, and has produced two CDs. The CTCC has been the "children's choir in residence" at the Evergreen Cultural Centre since 2001. The founding artistic director, Donna Otto, retired in 2009 after over twenty years with the Academy and was replaced by Diana Clark. The Coastal Sound Music Academy is the production partner for
1116-470: The great blue heron and green heron . It also contains Mundy Park , one of the largest urban parks in the Metro Vancouver area. In 1984, the provincial government sold 57 hectares (141 acres) formerly attached to Riverview Hospital to Molnar Developments. Shortly afterward, this land was subdivided and became Riverview Heights, with about 250 single-family homes. The remaining 240 acres (0.97 km ) of this still-active mental health facility has been
1178-403: The 1860s. Fraser Mills, a lumber mill on the north bank of the Fraser River was constructed in 1889, and by 1908 there were 20 houses, a store, post office, hospital, office block, barber shop, pool hall, and a Sikh temple . The Coast Salish people were the first to live in this area, and archaeology confirms continuous occupation of the territory for at least 9,000 years. The name Kwikwetlem
1240-450: The 2016 Census, 47% of households contained a married couple with children, 30% contained a married couple without children, and 22% were one-person households. Of the 40,085 reported families : 76% were married couples with an average of 3.0 persons per family, 15% were lone-parents with an average of 2.5 persons per family, and 9% were common-law couples with an average of 2.6 persons per family. The median age of Coquitlam's population
1302-542: The Austin Heights and North Road sectors. The Tri-Cities Chamber of Commerce has over 900 members including businesses, professionals, residents and other community groups, governed by a 14-person volunteer Board of Directors. Being in close proximity to Vancouver and surrounded by the rest of the Lower Mainland, Coquitlam residents have access to virtually unlimited choice in cultural and leisure activities. Within
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#17328451014471364-461: The Boy Scouts. Officers wear ordinary country walking-dress, with biretta of dark blue, white shoulder knot, walking stick, and whistle on lanyard. Guide uniforms vary according to cultures, climates and the activities undertaken. They are often adorned with badges indicating a Guide's achievements and responsibilities. In some places, uniforms are manufactured and distributed by approved companies and
1426-486: The Coquitlam Centre area and heads directly east through Port Moody and on to Burnaby and downtown Vancouver. Coquitlam has 60 km of bike routes, including dedicated bike lanes on Guildford Way, David Avenue, United Boulevard, Mariner Way, Chilko Drive and others, plus additional routes through city parks. Coquitlam is served by two international airports. Vancouver International Airport , located on Sea Island in
1488-916: The Coquitlam Youth Orchestra, and the Stage 43 Theatrical Society . Nearby proscenium theatres include the 336-seat Terry Fox Theatre in Port Coquitlam, and the 206-seat Inlet Theatre in Port Moody. Numerous yearly festivals are staged at various locations throughout Coquitlam, including Festival du Bois (first full weekend in March), the Water's Edge Festival (third full weekend in March), Como Lake Fishing Derby (last Sunday in May), BC Highland Games (last Saturday in June),
1550-541: The Great Blue Heron". The kʷikʷəƛ̓əm Nation and BC Housing are working on a long-term master plan for development of the site. Coquitlam Town Centre , was designated as a "Regional Town Centre" under the Metro Vancouver's Livable Region Strategic Plan. The concept of a town centre for the area dates back to 1975, and is intended to have a high concentration of high-density housing, offices, cultural, entertainment and education facilities to serve major growth areas of
1612-407: The Lower Mainland experienced substantial population growth that continues today. The opening of Lougheed Highway in 1953 made the city more accessible and set the stage for residential growth. In 1971, Coquitlam and Fraser Mills were amalgamated , which gave the city a larger industrial base. The mill closed in 2001, and is now currently the subject of a proposed waterfront community. Coquitlam
1674-586: The Marine Propulsion division of Rolls-Royce . In 2007, there were 610 retail businesses in Coquitlam, and these provided 8,765 jobs (27% of all jobs) within the city. Most retail businesses are concentrated around Coquitlam Centre in the Town Centre area, and big-box retailers such as IKEA and The Home Depot in the Pacific Reach areas, with the remainder of the city's retail outlets centered around
1736-762: The Poirier Sport & Leisure Complex. Privately owned Planet Ice features 4 additional ice rinks, and more rinks are found throughout the Tri-Cities. There exists many opportunities for a wide variety of activities in Coquitlam: Coquitlam is represented by two federal MPs in the Parliament of Canada . Bonita Zarillo ( NDP ) represents the Port Moody—Coquitlam riding, while Ron McKinnon ( Liberal Party ) represents Coquitlam—Port Coquitlam . Coquitlam
1798-747: The UK remains limited to girls. Transgender girls are admitted to units in some countries. Transgender women are also allowed to become leaders in some countries, including the UK. Things that are shared amongst all Guide Units are: Two central themes have been present from the earliest days of the movement: domestic skills and "a kind of practical feminism which embodies physical fitness , survival skills , camping , citizenship training, and career preparation". These two themes have been emphasized differently at different times and by different groups, but have remained central to Girl Guiding and Girl Scouting. Individual national or other emblems may be found on
1860-752: The United Kingdom Girl Guides in 2012, described the Girl Guides in an interview with The Times as "the ultimate feminist organisation". Even when most Scout organisations became mixed-sex, Guiding remained sex-separated in most countries to provide a female-centred programme. For example, the UK Scout Association introduced a mixed-sex group in 1976 with the Venture Scout programme, which opened to all age-based sections in 1991 and became fully co-educational in 2007. However, Girl Guiding in
1922-633: The United States and some other countries) is a worldwide movement, originally and largely still designed for girls and women only. The movement began in 1909, when girls requested to join the then-grassroots Boy Scout Movement . The movement developed in diverse ways in a variety of places around the world. In some places, girls joined or attempted to join preexisting Scouting organizations. In other places, all girl groups were started independently; some would later open up to boys, while others merged with boys' organizations. In other cases, mixed-sex groups were formed, some of which sometimes later disbanded. In
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1984-612: The area, precipitation is especially heavy in Coquitlam due to its proximity to the mountain slopes. With westward air moving off the Pacific Ocean , the air is forced to flow up the Coast Mountains causing it to cool and condense and fall as precipitation, this process is known as orographic precipitation . The orographic effect is mainly responsible for the massive 1,969 mm (77.5 in) annual average precipitation that Coquitlam receives each year, with most falling as rainfall in
2046-519: The city itself are numerous venues that bring these choices closer to home. Coquitlam was designated as a Cultural Capital of Canada in 2009 by the Department of Canadian Heritage . The Molson Canadian Theatre , a 1,074-seat multi-purpose venue, opened as part of a $ 30 million expansion to Coquitlam's Hard Rock Casino in 2006, while Cineplex Entertainment operates the 4,475-seat SilverCity Coquitlam movie complex with 20 screens. A partnership of
2108-489: The city of Richmond to the west, is the second busiest in Canada and provides most of the air access to the region. Abbotsford International Airport , located to the east, is the seventeenth busiest airport in Canada. Nearby Pitt Meadows Airport provides services for smaller aircraft and there are also Boundary Bay Airport and Langley Airport for small aircraft. Girl Guides Girl Guides (known as Girl Scouts in
2170-641: The city, the arts community, private business and senior governments, the Evergreen Cultural Centre in the Town Centre area is a venue for arts and culture, a civic facility designed to host a wide variety of community events. It features a 264-seat black box theatre , rehearsal hall, art studios and art gallery . Evergreen serves as the home venue for the Pacific Symphonic Wind Ensemble , the Coastal Sound Music Academy ,
2232-519: The event and asked that Baden-Powell let them join in. Following negative publicity in The Spectator magazine, Baden-Powell decided that a separate, single-sex organisation would be best. Baden-Powell asked his sister, Agnes Baden-Powell , to form a separate Girl Guides organisation. In 1910, The Girl Guides Association was formed in the United Kingdom. Other influential women in the history of
2294-565: The fall and winter months, with 316 mm (12.4 in) in November; the summer is usually sunny with minimal precipitation with 60.7 mm (2.39 in) in July. Although the mild temperatures allow for mostly rain to fall during the winter months, occasionally snow will fall. With a slightly higher elevation compared to the rest of Metro Vancouver, Coquitlam receives an average of 64.4 cm (25.4 in) of snow each year, with it rarely staying on
2356-448: The ground for a few days, adding to a very intermittent snow cover during the winter season. Coquitlam is also located in one of the warmest regions in Canada where average mean annual temperature is 10.2 °C (50.4 °F). Temperatures are warm during the summer months with an average high of 22.7 °C (72.9 °F), and an average low of 13.4 °C (56.1 °F) in August. During
2418-457: The highlands near the city's northern edge. Pinecone Burke Provincial Park , Minnekhada Regional Park, and Pitt Addington Marsh are on the northern and eastern border of the city, while the restricted area of the Metro Vancouver's Coquitlam watershed border Coquitlam to the north. Colony Farm is a 404-hectare park that straddles the Coquitlam and Port Coquitlam boundaries, offering walking trails rich with wildlife and gardens. Town Centre Park
2480-434: The individual country's Scouting article. The uniform is a specific characteristic of all Scouting movements. Robert Baden-Powell said it "hides all differences of social standing in a country and makes for equality; but, more important still, it covers differences of country and race and creed, and makes all feel that they are members with one another of the one great brotherhood". In the 1909 The Scheme for Girl Guides ,
2542-647: The morning peak hours and returning through Coquitlam in the evening peak hours. For motorists, the Trans-Canada Highway provides freeway access to Burnaby, Vancouver, Surrey , and other municipalities in the Lower Mainland. Lougheed Highway is an alternative route to the Trans-Canada, entering Coquitlam through Maillardville, past the Riverview Hospital area, up to Coquitlam Centre where it turns sharply east to Port Coquitlam. Barnet Highway begins at
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2604-668: The movement were Juliette Gordon Low , founder of the Girl Scouts of the USA , Olga Drahonowska-Małkowska in Poland and Antoinette Butte in France. The first Girl Guide company to be registered was 1st Pinkneys Green Guides (Miss Baden-Powell's Own), who still exist in Pinkneys Green , Maidenhead , Berkshire . Many Girl Guide and Girl Scout groups trace their roots to this point. Baden-Powell chose
2666-686: The name "Guides" for the organisation from a regiment in the British Indian Army , the Corps of Guides , which served on the Northwest Frontier and was noted for its skills in tracking and survival. In some countries, the girls preferred to call themselves "Girl Scouts". The Guide International Service was an organisation set up by the Girl Guides Association in Britain in 1942. Their aim
2728-930: The northeastern portion of the city. With new development of the Evergreen Extension of the Millennium Line of the SkyTrain rapid transit system which began operation in December 2016, Coquitlam's urban development area has again shifted to Burquitlam and secondly Burke Mountain. The Burke Mountain area plan is now divided into 4 new neighbourhood plans: Lower Hyde Creek Neighbourhood, Upper Hyde Creek Neighbourhood, Partington Creek, and Smiling Creek. Like much of Metro Vancouver, Coquitlam has an oceanic climate ( Köppen climate type Cfb ), experiencing mild temperatures and high precipitation ; warm, dry summers and cool, wet winters. However, compared to most other cities in
2790-597: The northern boundary of the city. Coquitlam's area, 152.5 square kilometres (58.9 sq mi), is about six times larger than either Port Moody or Port Coquitlam. Coquitlam is in the Pacific Time Zone (winter UTC−8 , summer UTC−7 ), and the Pacific Maritime Ecozone . Coquitlam's geographic shape can be thought of as a tilted hourglass , with two larger parcels of land with a smaller central section connecting them. Southwest Coquitlam comprises
2852-607: The original core of the city, with Maillardville and Fraser River industrial sector giving way to the large, elevated, flat-plateaued residential areas of Austin Heights. These older residences, with larger property dimensions, are increasingly being torn down and replaced with newer and larger homes. The Poirier Street area was the city's original recreational centre with the Coquitlam Sports Centre , Chimo Aquatic and Fitness Centre , and sports fields located there, while City Hall
2914-424: The previous record of 37.0 °C (98.6 °F). In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada , Coquitlam had a population of 148,625 living in 55,949 of its 58,683 total private dwellings, a change of 6.7% from its 2016 population of 139,284. With a land area of 122.15 km (47.16 sq mi), it had a population density of 1,216.7/km (3,151.3/sq mi) in 2021. According to
2976-434: The provincial average of 22.4%. The 2016 census found that English was spoken as the mother tongue of 50.47% of the population. The next most common mother tongue language was Mandarin , spoken by 9.66% of the population, followed by Cantonese at 6.43%. The south slope of Coquitlam, which includes Maillardville, has a pocket of French speakers. According to the 2021 census , religious groups in Coquitlam included: As
3038-468: The public. Studios are offered for pottery , fibre arts , yoga , ballet , drama , piano , drawing and painting . Place des Arts offers four faculty concerts throughout the year, as well as numerous recitals and presentations by students on an ongoing basis. Place Maillardville is a community centre providing leisure activities for all age groups, with programs on French language, culture, as well as physical activities. Heritage Square offers visitors
3100-610: The region, served by rapid transit service. It is in the town centre that many public buildings can be found, including City Hall, a branch of the Coquitlam Public Library , an R.C.M.P. station, Coquitlam's main fire hall, the David Lam Campus of Douglas College , the Evergreen Cultural Centre , City Centre Aquatic Complex , Town Centre Park and Percy Perry Stadium . In 1989, the provincial government sold 570 hectares (1,409 acres) of second-growth forested land on
3162-428: The same way, the name "Girl Guide" or "Girl Scout" has been used by a variety of groups across different times and places. The World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts (WAGGGS) was formed in 1928 and has member organisations in 145 countries. WAGGGS celebrated the centenary of the international Girl Guiding and Girl Scouting Movement over three years, from 2010 to 2012. Lieutenant-General Robert Baden-Powell
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#17328451014473224-520: The south slope of Eagle Mountain, known locally as Eagle Ridge , to developer Wesbild. This resulted in the closure of Westwood Motorsport Park in 1990, and the creation of Westwood Plateau , which was developed into 4,525 upscale homes, as well as two golf courses. With development on Westwood Plateau completed and the opening of the David Avenue Connector in 2006, Coquitlam's primary urban development has now shifted to Burke Mountain in
3286-571: The subject of much controversy amongst developers, environmentalists, and conservationists. In 2005, the city's task force on the hospital lands rejected the idea of further housing on the lands and declared that the lands and buildings should be protected and remain as a mental health facility. In May 2021, the Government of British Columbia announced that the Riverview lands had been renamed səmiq̓wəʔelə (pronounced suh-MEE-kwuh-EL-uh), meaning "The Place of
3348-403: The uniform for the newly emerging movement was given as: Jersey of company colour. Neckerchief of company colour. Skirt, knickers, stockings, dark blue. Cap – red biretta , or in summer, large straw hat. Haversack , cooking billy , lanyard and knife, walking stick or light staff. Cape, hooked up on the back. Shoulder knot, of the 'Group' colour on the left shoulder. Badges, much the same as
3410-485: The winter months, the average high is 5.6 °C (42.1 °F), and the average low is 0.9 °C (33.6 °F) in December. This relatively mild climate, by Canadian standards, is caused by the warm Alaska Current offshore and the many mountain ranges preventing the cold arctic air from the rest of Canada from reaching the southwest corner of British Columbia. On June 28, 2021, Coquitlam reached an all-time high temperature reading of 41 °C (106 °F), shattering
3472-532: Was $ 65,020, compared to the provincial average of $ 61,280. 58.2% of respondents 15 years of age and older claim to have a post-secondary certificate, diploma or degree, compared to 55% province-wide. Lastly, also as of the 2016 census, only 23.4% of Coquitlam residents who work outside the home work within the city of Coquitlam itself, just less than half the provincial average of 48.9% of residents who work within their own municipality, yet 22.2% of Coquitlam residents take public transit, bicycle or walk to work, close to
3534-414: Was 41.1 years, slightly younger than the British Columbia median of 43.0 years. Coquitlam had 85.6% of its residents 15 years of age or older, less than the provincial average of 87.5%. According to the 2016 census, about 44% of Coquitlam residents were foreign-born, much higher than the 28% foreign-born for the whole of British Columbia. The same census documented the median income in 2015 for all families
3596-453: Was a British soldier during the Second Anglo-Boer War in South Africa (1899–1902). He was the commander during the Siege of Mafeking , and noted during the siege how young boys made themselves useful by carrying messages for the soldiers. When he came home, he decided to put his Scouting ideas into practice to see if they would work for young boys, and took 21 boys camping on Brownsea Island , near Poole in Dorset on 1 August 1907. The camp
3658-606: Was a success, and Baden-Powell subsequently wrote the book Scouting for Boys . The book covered topics such as tracking , signalling, and cooking, and it outlined a method for an "instruction in good citizenship". Soon boys began to organise themselves into patrols and troops and calling themselves "Boy Scouts". Girls bought the book as well and formed themselves into patrols of "Girl Scouts", while some girls and boys formed mixed patrols. In those days, camping and hiking were not common activities for girls, as shown in an excerpt from The Boy Scouts Headquarters Gazette of 1909: "If
3720-403: Was born. Named for Father Edmond Maillard, a young Oblate from France, it became the largest Francophone centre west of Manitoba. Maillardville's past is recognized today in street names, the Francophone education system and French immersion programs, French-language Girl Guides and scouts , and celebrations such as Festival du Bois . Following World War II , Coquitlam and the rest of
3782-427: Was previously located further south in Maillardville. The Austin Heights area contains Como Lake , a renowned urban fishing and recreation area, and headwaters for the Como watershed. The watershed represents one of the last urban watersheds in the Tri-Cities that supports wild stocks of coho salmon as well as other species at risk such as coastal cutthroat trout (both sea-run and resident) and bird species such as
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#17328451014473844-409: Was to send teams of adult Girl Guides to Europe after World War II to aid with relief work. The work of the organisation is described in two books: All Things Uncertain by Phyllis Stewart Brown and Guides Can Do Anything by Nancy Eastick. A total of 198 Guiders and 60 Scouts, drawn from Britain, Australia, Canada, Ireland and Kenya, worked in teams during the relief efforts. Some went to relieve
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