54-456: Cliffe may refer to: Places in England [ edit ] Cliffe, Kent , a village Cliffe, Richmondshire , North Yorkshire, a village and civil parish Cliffe, Selby , North Yorkshire, a village and civil parish Cliffe, a village that is now a part of Lewes , Sussex Cliffe Hill , east of Lewes Cliffe Fort , a disused artillery fort at
108-567: A distribution terminal at Cliffe in Kent. The facilities were to comprise: The estimated construction cost was £60 million. The application was considered by Strood Rural District Council and on 2 November 1971 by Kent County Council . Planning consent was approved subject to the Secretary of State for the Environment, Peter Walker , indicating the project was in the national interest. Walker 'called in'
162-562: A legendary, or even a mythological, founder" of the dynasties that bear his name rather than a historical figure. It may be the same as the Coel is often named as "Coel Hen", Hen being an epithet meaning "old" (i.e., "Coel the Old"). The genealogies give him an additional epithet or patronym, Godebog (Old Welsh: Guotepauc ), meaning "Protector" or "Shelterer". His name is thus sometimes given as "Coel Godebog" or "Coel Hen Godebog". However, some of
216-663: A lost hagiography of Helena; Antonia Harbus suggests it came instead from oral tradition. Geoffrey's largely legendary Historia Regum Britanniae expands upon Henry's brief mention, listing Coel as a King of the Britons following the reign of King Asclepiodotus . In the Historia , Coel grows upset with Asclepiodotus's handling of the Diocletianic Persecution and begins a rebellion in his duchy of Caer Colun (Colchester). He meets Asclepiodotus in battle and kills him, thus taking
270-505: A railway to be built, resulting in the establishment of the ' Hundred of Hoo Railway Company' . The first part of the line was opened in March 1882, running from Cliffe to Sharnal Street . The rise of the Kent cement industry brought a new prosperity to the ancient settlement during the Victorian era. Alfred Francis (second son of Charles), with his son, established the firm of Francis and Co. at
324-470: A residence in Peppermint Grove, Western Australia Cliffe railway station , Cliffe-at-Hoo, Kent, England Cliffe railway station, renamed Hemingbrough railway station , Hemingbrough, North Yorkshire, England Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Cliffe . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change
378-502: A result of the 1973 oil crisis no further development was undertaken. The project was revived in 1981 when an inspector from the Department of the Environment granted planning permission for the refinery. This was despite local objections at a public inquiry. However, the project was not developed any further by Burmah Total, likely to have been a consequence of the Iranian revolution and
432-429: A rustic wooden church dedicated to St Helen, a popular Mercian saint who was by legend the daughter of Coel ("Old King Cole") of Colchester . Cliffe is cited in early records as having been called Clive and Cliffe-at-Hoo . In 1961 the parish had a population of 2239. On 1 April 1997 the parish was abolished to form "Cliffe & Cliffe Woods", part of which consisting of Frindsbury Extra . Clovesho, or Clofeshoch,
486-802: A son who becomes the Emperor Constantine the Great, giving a British pedigree to the Roman imperial line. Local tradition came to suggest that Coel was responsible for some of the ancient buildings in Colchester; a public conduit in the High Street was named "King Coel's Pump", the Balkerne Gate in the Roman town walls was known as "King Coel's Castle" and the remains of the Temple of Claudius over which Colchester Castle
540-451: A town in the 16th century, but by the middle of the 19th century the population had slumped to about 900. In 1824, construction of the Thames and Medway Canal was begun, providing work for able-bodied villagers and other labourers who came to the area, increasing the population again. However, the canal project was a short-lived enterprise, superseded by the development of the railways, although
594-602: Is a village and former civil parish , now in the parish of Cliffe and Cliffe Woods , in the borough of Medway in the ceremonial county of Kent , England. It is on the Hoo Peninsula , reached from the Medway Towns by a three-mile (4.8 km) journey along the B2000 road . Situated upon a low chalk escarpment overlooking the Thames marshes , Cliffe offers views of Southend-on-Sea and London. In 774 Offa , King of Mercia , built
SECTION 10
#1732852551298648-461: Is described as a 16th-century Grade II barn "with archaic details". Beneath its present asbestos roof is a timber-framed three-bay barn with weatherboarded walls and a traditional hipped roof. It includes an ancient waggon porch. Cliffe Fort is a Royal Commission fort built in the 1860s on the edge of the marshes to protect against invasion via the Thames. A Brennan Torpedo station was added in 1890,
702-460: Is simply the common noun which in Modern Welsh has the form coel , meaning "belief, credence; confidence, reliance, trust, faith" (and the secondary meaning "omen"), derived from Proto-Celtic * kaylo- "omen" and ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *keh 2 ilo- "whole, healthy; blessed with good omen". In Koch's view, "these semantic and etymological aspects allow that Coil could be
756-549: The Battle of Coilsfield . According to Welsh tradition the region of Kyle was named for Coel, and a mound at Coylton in Ayrshire was regarded as his tomb. Projections back from dated individuals suggest that Coel Hen would have lived around AD 350–420, during the time of the Roman departure from Britain . In his book The Age of Arthur , historian John Morris suggested Coel may have been
810-493: The Harleian genealogies list Godebog as Coel's father's name. Geoffrey of Monmouth rendered the name as both Coel and Coillus in his Historia Regum Britanniae . Some modern authors render it as "Cole". The historian Ben Guy has commented that "Coel Hen's role in medieval texts is solely legendary; there is no merit whatsoever in any attempt to assign him some historically significant role in late Roman Britain, as many over
864-650: The Middle Ages . Early Welsh tradition knew of a Coel Hen, a c. 4th-century leader in Roman or Sub-Roman Britain and the progenitor of several kingly lines in Yr Hen Ogledd (the Old North), a region of the Brittonic -speaking area of what is now northern England and southern Scotland . Later medieval legend told of a Coel, apparently derived from Coel Hen. He was said to be the father of Saint Helena and through her
918-531: The chalk were basic, involving the labourer being suspended by a rope (around his waist) secured at the cliff top, from which position he would hack out the chalk, so that it fell to the ground below to be collected in a waiting railway wagon. Further to the north of the Francis and Company works near the river, an explosive works (Curtis and Harvey) opened in 1901. Over the factory's 20-year history, 16 people were to lose their lives in explosions. Francis and Company
972-466: The 14th century Cliffe was the site of a farm owned by the monks of Christ's Church, Canterbury , when the village had a population of about 3,000. In the late Middle Ages the village of Cliffe supported a port, which thrived until a disastrous fire in 1520 stifled its growth, marking a period of decline, accentuated by the silting of the marshes of the Thames Estuary . Cliffe-at-Hoo was still considered
1026-522: The 17th century was described as "one of the prizes of the church". Susanna , the daughter of Samuel Annesley , who married the Reverend Samuel Wesley , father of John Wesley , founder of the Wesleyans , also lived at Cliffe Rectory. The rector of the rich living of Cliffe from April 1815 was Charles Burney the younger (1757–1817), son of the music historian Charles Burney , and brother of
1080-552: The Blyth Sands she was beached at Cliffe. Following a succession of storms, high tides and strong winds in December 2013, a large section of the ship's hull has now broken off and lies on the shore further round from the rest of the wreckage. A row of unnamed children's graves in the churchyard spurred Charles Dickens to use it as the setting for the beginning of Great Expectations (1860–61), where Magwitch jumps out at Pip "among
1134-566: The British were triumphant, while the Scots and Picts starved. Desperate for some relief, however, the enemy advanced an all-or-nothing attack on Coel's stronghold. Coel and his men were taken by surprise, overrun and scattered to the winds. It is said that Coel wandered the unknown countryside until he eventually got caught in a bog at Coilsfield (in Tarbolton , Ayrshire) and drowned. Coel was first buried in
SECTION 20
#17328525512981188-462: The Burmah-Total oil company planned to build an oil refinery on Cliffe marshes. However, the oil crises of 1973-4 and 1979-81 made the project uneconomic. On 23 August 1971 Burmah Total Refineries Trust Limited (a joint venture between Total Oil Refineries (G.B.) Limited and Burmah Oil Refineries Limited) applied for planning permission for the construction of an oil refinery, jetty, pipelines and
1242-525: The Cliffe proposal on the grounds that the costs of a coastal site were too high, and there was a significant risk that the airport would not be well used. A prominent feature where the marshes meet the river for many years, the Hans Egede was a wooden, auxiliary three-masted ship, built in 1922 by J. Th. Jorgensen at Thuro, Denmark . It was reportedly damaged by fire on 21 August 1955 and towed to Dover , where
1296-659: The Nine Elms office at Vauxhall, London, and then built the cement works at Cliffe in about 1860. Francis and Co instituted the Nine Elms cement works . These works were built on Cliffe marsh, to the west of the village where the chalk cliffs came almost to within a mile of the River Thames . The area also proved a useful source of clay. Alfred Francis died in 1871, but in partnership his son continued to produce "Portland, Roman, Medina and Parian cement, Portland stucco and Plaster of Paris", also shipping chalk, flints and fire bricks, from
1350-559: The Picts and the Scots were not taken in. Coel merely succeeded in pushing the two even closer together, and they began to attack the Brittonic Kingdom of Strathclyde . Coel declared all out war and moved north to expel the invaders. The Picts and Scots fled to the hills ahead of Coel's army, who eventually set up camp at what became Coylton alongside the Water of Coyle (Ayrshire). For a long time,
1404-484: The Secretary of State granted outline planning permission in November 1973. On 15 January 1974 Burmah Total Refineries Trust Limited wrote to the Department of the Environment complaining that the project had then been delayed two and a half years and had entailed considerable expense in renewal of land options and escalation of project costs. They believed that 'an immediate decision is now fairly due to us'. Nevertheless, as
1458-406: The application and a public inquiry , chaired by H.M.A. Stedham, was held at Cliffe Village Hall for four weeks from 11 April 1972. The inspector found 'no serious objections to the refinery on ground of pollution, noise, navigational safety or agriculture'. There were however concerns about it impact on an un-spoilt coastal area and the inadequacy of local roads. The inspector was not satisfied that
1512-407: The associated oil price increases. Old Cliffe Rectory is some two miles (3.2 km) inland from St Helen's Church, supposedly to preserve its inhabitants from the malaria on the marshes. It has housed two chancellors of the exchequer, two archbishops, three deans and 11 archdeacons. Nicholas Heath , Bishop of Rochester and Bishop of Worcester also lived at the rectory. The "living" at Cliffe in
1566-649: The brothers Gwrgi and Peredur ; and Clydno Eiddin , king of Eidyn or Edinburgh . The poem Y Gododdin mentions some enmity between the "Sons of Godebog", possibly a reference to the Coiling, and the heroes who fought for the Gododdin at the Battle of Catraeth . As an ancestor figure, he compares to Dyfnwal Hen , who is likewise attributed with founding kingly lines in the Hen Ogledd. Hector Boece and Ayrshire folklore both state that Coel and his entire army perished in
1620-477: The canal route, including the Higham and Strood tunnel (2.25 miles in length, in two sections) was used by South Eastern Railway from 1845, bringing a branch line to Cliffe in 1882. Even in 1895 the number of people contracting malaria was high but casualties began to decrease sharply after the farmer, Henry Pye, came to the area and systematically began the drainage of the farmland and marshes, thus eliminating
1674-589: The carrier of the fever. He drained such a large area of the marsh and so improved the grazing pastures that he was called 'King of the Hundreds' . Henry Pye was an innovator in farming practices promoting the use of Aveling and Porter steam engines, locally built in Rochester , for use in ploughing and threshing. In 1878, with other farmers Pye met with the South Eastern Railway Company and petitioned for
Cliffe - Misplaced Pages Continue
1728-451: The cement industry was replaced by the Marinex gravel company, whose fleet of ships dredged gravel from the Thames Estuary . The chalk quarry to the south side of Salt Lane is now a wildfowl reserve. In addition, it offers fishing and diving. The water is around fifty to sixty feet deep in parts and divers explore the bed of the old quarry and other underwater features. Between 1971 and 1981
1782-560: The city was actually known as Colneceaster until the n was dropped in around the 10th century; its name likely comes from the local River Colne . Around the same time, a further development of this legend that King Coel of Colchester was the father of Empress Saint Helena, and therefore the grandfather of Constantine the Great, appeared in Henry of Huntingdon 's Historia Anglorum and Geoffrey of Monmouth 's Historia Regum Britanniae . The passages are clearly related, even using some of
1836-402: The depth of the water table . These quarries, still flooded, offer havens for wildlife, and are among the few surviving that have not been used for rubbish infill or otherwise developed. A second quarry was begun to the north of Salt Lane, which is still the main access road to Cliffe from the cement works area, on the very edge of the marshes. By the late 1950s the cement industry in the area
1890-584: The fire was extinguished. In 1957 she passed into the ownership of the Atlas Diesel Co. and was towed out of Dover by the tug Westercock . She then spent some years in the Medway as a coal and/or grain hulk . She was then towed to Cubitt Town on the Thames . As the tug Fossa from Gravesend was towing her up Sea Reach the strain on the structure, which had become weakened over the years, proved too much, causing her to take in water and sink. After grounding on
1944-569: The grandfather of Roman Emperor Constantine the Great . Other similarly named characters may be confused or conflated with the Welsh Coel. The legendary "King Coel" is sometimes supposed to be the historical basis for the popular nursery rhyme " Old King Cole ", but this has been said to be unlikely. Coel's name was rendered "Coil" in Old Welsh . Rare or unique as a Welsh name, its origin has long been seen as uncertain. John T. Koch has argued that it
1998-546: The graves by the side of the church porch." The graves in question are actually in nearby Cooling Church, which is generally regarded as Dickens' inspiration. Cliffe marshes stood in for the paddy fields of Vietnam in Stanley Kubrick 's 1987 film Full Metal Jacket . Coel Coel ( Old Welsh : Coil ), also called Coel Hen ( Coel the Old ) and King Cole , is a figure prominent in Welsh literature and legend since
2052-539: The kingship of Britain upon himself. Rome, apparently, is pleased that Britain has a new king, and sends senator Constantius Chlorus to negotiate with him. Afraid of the Romans, Coel meets Constantius and agrees to pay tribute and submit to Roman laws as long as he is allowed to retain the kingship. Constantius agrees to these terms, but Coel dies one month later. Constantius marries Coel's daughter, Helena, and crowns himself as Coel's successor. Helena subsequently gives birth to
2106-593: The last of the Roman Duces Brittanniarum (Dukes of the Britons) who commanded the Roman army in northern Britain, and split his lands among his heirs after his death. However, Morris's book has been widely criticized. It has been suggested that Coel was appointed governor of northern Britain, ruling from Eburacum (York), by Magnus Maximus . In the twelfth century, a story arose claiming that Colchester in Essex
2160-459: The link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cliffe&oldid=1064149020 " Categories : Disambiguation pages Place name disambiguation pages Disambiguation pages with surname-holder lists Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Cliffe, Kent Cliffe
2214-669: The mouth of the Thames River People [ edit ] Bruce Cliffe (born 1946), New Zealand businessman and former politician Frederic Cliffe (1857–1931), English composer, organist and teacher Fred E. Cliffe (1885–1957), English songwriter Jess Cliffe (born 1987), video game designer Joel Cliffe (born 1980), English former first-class cricketer Lionel Cliffe (1936–2013), English political economist and activist Michael Cliffe (1903–1964), British politician Rebecca Cliffe (born 1990), British zoologist Other uses [ edit ] The Cliffe ,
Cliffe - Misplaced Pages Continue
2268-448: The national interest justified the approval and recommended refusal. However, the Secretary of State, by then Geoffrey Rippon , considered that 'it is in the national interest for additional refinery capacity to be made available to meet expected requirements in south-east England'. One condition was there should only be a single chimney designed to discharge flue gases at a minimum height of 120 metres. Departmental draft files indicate that
2322-521: The novelist Frances Burney and the naval explorer James Burney . The new rectory is within sight of the church. In the corner of the church graveyard is a Grade II listed Charnel House that was used to store bodies dragged out of the River Thames estuary, thought to have been erected in the mid-19th century. The Grade II listed barn at Rye Farm, in Common Lane, Cliffe dates from the 1570s. It
2376-480: The rails of which are still visible at low water, and was used as an anti-aircraft battery in the Second World War . It is now inside a gravel extraction site and is inaccessible and very overgrown, but can be viewed from the riverside path. In 2002 the government identified a site at Cliffe as the leading contender among potential sites for a new airport for London. In December 2003 the government decided against
2430-414: The road constructed by the soldiers of Cliffe Fort, then disused. Alpha continued after the closure of the Francis works, which it took over in 1934. With this amalgamation an additional railway was added in 1935 to replace the cableway, linking the works with the quayside next to the fort. The Alpha site, however, became exhausted by 1950, and further digging led to extensive flooding, as quarrying exceeded
2484-493: The same words, but it is not clear which version was first. Henry appears to have written the relevant part of the Historia Anglorum before he knew about Geoffrey's work, leading J. S. P. Tatlock and other scholars to conclude that Geoffrey borrowed the passage from Henry, rather than the other way around. The source of the claim is unknown, but may have predated both Henry and Geoffrey. Diana Greenway proposes it came from
2538-462: The site. The riverside location provided ease of transport and wharves were duly built at the mouth of Cliffe creek. A canal was constructed from the works, which gave its name to a tavern built nearby, now long demolished but remembered as the Canal Tavern. 1870–71 saw further developments to the cement works, which were rebuilt and extended, with an elaborate tramway added. Methods of extracting
2592-665: The years [...] have fruitlessly attempted to do". Coel Hen appears in the Harleian genealogies and the later pedigrees known as the Bonedd Gwŷr y Gogledd ( The Descent of the Men of the North ) at the progenitor of several post-Roman royal families of the Hen Ogledd . His line, collectively called the Coeling , included such noted figures as Urien , king of Rheged ; Gwallog , perhaps king of Elmet ;
2646-630: Was an ancient Saxon town, in Mercia and near London, where the Anglo-Saxon Church is recorded as holding the important Councils of Clovesho between 742 and 825. These had representation from the archbishopric of Canterbury and the whole English church south of the Humber . The location of Cloveshoo has never been successfully identified, but in the 18th century Cliffe was thought to be one possible location. The Grade I listed St Helen's Church at Cliffe
2700-466: Was built about 1260 and was constructed in the local style of alternating layers of Kent ragstone and squared black flint. It is one of the largest parish churches in Kent, and the only one dedicated to St Helen, the size of the church revealing its past importance. It contains wall paintings of the martyrdom of St. Edmund , a Jacobean pulpit, and fine stone carvings. Above the porch is a muniments room containing important historical documents. During
2754-613: Was built were called "King Coel's Palace". There is an old story told in the North about Coel's last campaign. What is now Scotland was originally inhabited by both Brythonic and Pictish tribes. It was during Coel's time that the Scotti tribe began to settle the Western coast around Argyle . Coel, fearing that these Northern peoples would unite against his domain south of Hadrian's Wall , sent raiding parties across his northern border to stir up discord between them. The plan, however, backfired for
SECTION 50
#17328525512982808-436: Was named after a man called Coel, who was the father of Saint Helena , and therefore the grandfather of Constantine the Great . Though not initially associated with Coel Hen, the two Coels began to be conflated in Welsh scholarship from the fifteenth century. The legend originated from a folk etymology indicating that Colchester was named for Coel (supposedly from "Coel" and " castrum ", producing "fortress of Coel"). However,
2862-513: Was owned by the APCM, which had added a further railway line to the Hundred of Hoo railway, giving the cement manufacturers direct access to the main railway network. The works at Cliffe shut on 1 April 1970, with no further space available for quarrying, but the APCM recreation ground in the centre of the village has remained a valuable open space, with pitches for football, cricket, tennis and bowls. In 1970
2916-626: Was taken over about 1900 by the British Portland Cement Company, but after the Great War the cement works began to decline, and was finally phased out in 1920–21. By 1901 the population of Cliffe exceeded 3,000. The Alpha Cement works began near the Francis works in 1910 as part of the Thames Portland Cement Company. It stood about a mile from the river and included a Goshead aerial cableway, which ran alongside
#297702