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28-511: Claremont Canyon Regional Preserve is a small regional park mainly located in the city of Oakland, California , and administered by the East Bay Regional Park District . The park is named for the canyon in which it is situated, Claremont Canyon, out of which Claremont Creek flows on its way to its confluence with Temescal Creek . Previously the canyon was named Harwood's Canyon , and then later as Telegraph Canyon . The name

56-555: A parking area on Stonewall Road, behind the historic Claremont Hotel. The trail is 1.6 miles (2.6 km) long and ascends 700 feet (210 m). The steep path up to the ridge gives splendid views across the cities of Berkeley and Oakland, and beyond to San Francisco Bay , the Golden Gate Bridge and San Francisco . On clear days, especially in winter, the Farallon Islands , about 44 miles (70 km) away, can be seen beyond

84-505: A special park district covering a region crossing several jurisdiction boundaries, or a park system of a single jurisdiction, such as a province, county, or city. There are 101 regional parks in Saskatchewan. All parks are operated by volunteer boards. Regional parks in Italy are administered by each region in Italy , a government unit like a U.S. state. Distinguished from National Parks in

112-607: Is divided into a number of provinces . During the Kingdom of Italy , regions were mere statistical districts of the central state. Under the Republic, they were granted a measure of political autonomy by the 1948 Italian Constitution . The original draft list comprised the Salento region (which was eventually included in Apulia ); Friuli and Venezia Giulia were separate regions, and Basilicata

140-679: Is quite modest: they keep just 20% of all levied taxes, mostly used to finance the region-based healthcare system . Article 116 of the Italian Constitution grants home rule to five regions, namely the Aosta Valley , Friuli-Venezia Giulia , Sardinia , Sicily , and Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol , allowing them some legislative, administrative and financial power to a varying extent, depending on their specific statute. These regions became autonomous in order to take into account cultural differences and protect linguistic minorities. Moreover,

168-403: Is still elected on a regional basis, but the number of senators was reduced from 315 to 200, who are now elected by all citizens aged 18 or older, just like deputies (themselves being reduced from 630 to 400). Italians residing abroad now elect 4 senators (and 8 deputies). The remaining 196 senators are assigned to each region proportionally according to their population. The amended Article 57 of

196-892: The Constitution of Italy originally established that the Senate of the Republic was to be elected on a regional basis by Italian citizens aged 25 or older (unlike the Chamber of the Deputies , which was elected on a national basis and by all Italian citizens aged 18 or older). No region could have less than 7 senators, except for the two smallest regions: Aosta Valley (1 senator) and Molise (2 senators). From 2006 to 2020, 6 out of 315 senators (and 12 out of 630 deputies) were elected by Italians residing abroad . After two constitutional amendments were passed respectively in 2020 (by constitutional referendum ) and 2021, however, there have been changes. The Senate

224-564: The Department of Conservation or territorial authorities . In the United States, a regional park is sometimes referred to as a 'Metropolitan Park (Metropark)' or as an open space reserve . The terms region and metropolitan can have different meanings in U.S. local government agencies. Regional parks can be administered by a regional park board, a state , county or other units of local government . A special authority can be set up, under

252-586: The San Francisco Bay Area , protecting habitat and offering recreation. In Scotland , regional parks are defined to co-ordinate the management of areas of attractive countryside that are of importance for recreation due to their proximity to population centres. The parks have been defined and are managed by local authorities . As of 2018, Scotland had three regional parks: Northern Ireland Lagan Valley Regional Park Regions of Italy The regions of Italy ( Italian : regioni d'Italia ) are

280-722: The Three Rivers Park District in Minnesota . In Ohio, under Ohio Revised Code Chapter 1545, metroparks such as the Cleveland Metroparks Park District, Columbus and Franklin County Metro Parks have their own Police Departments with sworn police officers . The Toledo Metroparks , and Dayton Five Rivers Metroparks are also in the state. The East Bay Regional Park District and Midpeninsula Regional Open Space District have extensive parklands in

308-814: The University of California . A local non-profit citizens' organization, the Claremont Canyon Conservancy , works with the public landowners offering stewardship services and educational programs. There is very little public parking available either within or very near the Preserve. Street parking is prohibited. Visitors can use mass transit to reach the UC Berkeley campus, then enter the Preserve by hiking. 37°51′55″N 122°13′33″W  /  37.865203°N 122.225801°W  / 37.865203; -122.225801 Regional park A regional park can be

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336-462: The first-level NUTS of the European Union . Every region has a statute that serves as a regional constitution, determining the form of government and the fundamental principles of the organization and the functioning of the region, as prescribed by the Constitution of Italy ( Article 123 ). Although all the regions except Tuscany define themselves in various ways as an "autonomous Region" in

364-472: The giunta , and nominates or dismisses its members, called assessori . If the directly elected president resigns, new elections are called immediately. In the Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol region, the regional council is made up of the joint session of the two provincial councils of Trentino and of South Tyrol. The regional president is one of the two provincial commissioners. Article 57 of

392-625: The Golden Gate. Within the Preserve is a side canyon called Gwin Canyon with a 2-mile (3.2 km) trail accessible from the end of Norfolk Road near Strathmoor Drive in the Oakland Hills. The trail ends just above Claremont Creek, 0.6 miles (0.97 km) from the trailhead. While the upper reaches of Claremont Canyon are technically outside the Preserve, there are an additional 225 acres (0.91 km) of open space contiguous to it owned and managed by

420-740: The Republic of Ireland , which are owned and run centrally by the state's National Parks and Wildlife Service , Ireland's regional parks are managed and operated by individual local authorities in Ireland . Examples include Ballincollig Regional Park (managed by Cork City Council ), Millennium Regional Park ( Fingal County Council ), and Malahide Demesne Regional Park (also Fingal County Council). A law to establish regional parks in Lithuania took effect in 1992. As of 2022, there were 30 such regional parks ( regioniniai parkai ). In New Zealand , regional parks are administered by regional councils rather than

448-466: The canyon, containing both older and recently planted trees. Eucalyptus stands have been planted in the area throughout the years, though many local residents now are concerned they may pose a fire hazard. The Preserve is relatively undeveloped and offers almost no amenities to visitors other than two hiking trails: Stonewall Panoramic Trail and Gwin Canyon Trail. The Stonewall Panoramic Trail begins at

476-658: The centre-right government led by Silvio Berlusconi proposed a new reform that would have greatly increased the power of regions. The proposals, which had been particularly associated with Lega Nord , and seen by some as leading the way to a federal state, were rejected in the 2006 Italian constitutional referendum by 61.7% "no" to 38.3% "yes". The results varied considerably among the regions, ranging from 55.3% in favour in Veneto to 82% against in Calabria . Number of regions governed by each coalition since 1995: Macroregions are

504-744: The chain of parks that line the Berkeley Hills . It rises from a height of about 420 ft (130 m) above sea level, just behind the Clark Kerr campus of the University of California, Berkeley to the average 1300 ft (400 m) ridge of the East Bay hills, linking by way of other conserved land belonging to the university and the East Bay Municipal Utility District to other parks such as Tilden Regional Park and Sibley Volcanic Regional Preserve . It thus offers direct pedestrian access to

532-551: The eastern part of the United States. EBRPD first bought an 80 acres (32 ha) parcel of surplus state land east of the U.C. Berkeley campus in 1978. Then it acquired some more acreage in the immediate area from several individuals. Finally, it bought a 64 acres (26 ha) parcel in Gwin Canyon. These acquisitions were combined to become Claremont Canyon Regional Preserve. Despite its small size of 205 acres (83 ha), Claremont Canyon Regional Preserve forms an important link in

560-597: The first article of their Statutes, fifteen regions have ordinary statutes and five have special statutes, granting them extended autonomy. These regions, whose statutes are approved by their regional councils, were created in 1970, even though the Italian Constitution dates back to 1948. Since the constitutional reform of 2001 they have had residual legislative powers: the regions have exclusive legislative power with respect to any matters not expressly reserved to state law ( Article 117 ). Yet their financial autonomy

588-466: The first-level administrative divisions of the Italian Republic , constituting its second NUTS administrative level. There are twenty regions, five of which are autonomous regions with special status . Under the Constitution of Italy , each region is an autonomous entity with defined powers. With the exception of the Aosta Valley (since 1945) and Friuli-Venezia Giulia (2018–2020), each region

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616-523: The government wanted to prevent them from potentially seceding or being taken away from Italy after the defeat in World War II . Each region has an elected parliament, called Consiglio Regionale (regional council), or Assemblea Regionale (regional assembly) in Sicily, and a government called Giunta Regionale (regional committee), headed by a governor called Presidente della Giunta Regionale (president of

644-653: The joint jurisdiction of two or more government bodies or as an independent park district to administer parks. Individual parks may or may not cross governmental boundaries. The park district holds the authority, similar to fire protection districts, to manage and raise taxes to cover park acquisition and management costs. Examples of large regional park systems are the Cleveland Metroparks in Northeast Ohio, Huron-Clinton Metroparks in Southeast Michigan ; and

672-399: The park system, with connections to public transportation, from the lower-lying residential areas of Berkeley and Oakland. Claremont Canyon contains a variety of plant communities, both native and introduced. Coastal scrub is an important part of the preserve, housing coyote brush, French broom, lupine, monkeyflower brush, and California coastal sagebrush. Redwood groves can also be found in

700-400: The regional committee) or Presidente della Regione (regional president). The latter is directly elected by the citizens of each region, with the exceptions of Aosta Valley and Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol regions where the president is chosen by the regional council. Under the 1995 electoral law, the winning coalition receives an absolute majority of seats on the council. The president chairs

728-487: The regions where it was historically rooted (the red belt of Emilia-Romagna , Tuscany , Umbria and the Marches ). Regions acquired a significant level of autonomy following a constitutional reform in 2001 (brought about by a centre-left government and confirmed by popular referendum), which granted them residual policy competence. A further federalist reform was proposed by the regionalist party Lega Nord and in 2005,

756-460: Was changed to Claremont by a developer of the nearby Claremont district. Claremont Canyon was part of an 1820 Spanish land grant called Rancho San Antonio . It was used as a transportation route by Americans from the eastern United States. In 1858, a transcontinental telegraph line was built through the canyon. Starting in the 1860s, the Pony Express carried mail through the canyon to and from

784-420: Was named Lucania . Abruzzo and Molise were identified as separate regions in the first draft, but were later merged into Abruzzi e Molise in the final constitution of 1948, before being separated in 1963. Implementation of regional autonomy was postponed until the first Regional elections of 1970. The ruling Christian Democracy party did not want the opposition Italian Communist Party to gain power in

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