30-704: Civic Passion was a radical , populist , localist , and nativist political party in Hong Kong . Founded by Wong Yeung-tat as an activist group in 2012, it held strong localist views and opposed the involvement of the Chinese government in the governance of Hong Kong. In the 2016 Legislative Council election , the Civic Passion formed an electoral alliance with Wong Yuk-man 's Proletariat Political Institute and Chin Wan 's Hong Kong Resurgence Order . Cheng Chung-tai became
60-617: A handful of elaborate barricades". Upon entering, Kaiman observed that "the overwhelming feeling is one of entering an art fair, or a music festival – protesters sit on the pavement cross-legged, strumming guitars and checking their smartphones. During the day, tourists amble through the crowd, snapping photos with SLR cameras; at night, hundreds, sometimes thousands of supporters gather to hear speeches and performances." Provisions (such as biscuits, soft drinks, toilet paper, face masks, and bottled water) were donated, and distributed to occupiers and visitors passing through. The public toilets in
90-528: A hundred tents were available for rent, under condition that they be kept clean. In a workshop area, volunteer carpenters built steps, as well as desks and benches for students in the ad hoc study areas. Notable areas included the Lennon Wall , the Study Zone, and Dark Corner – where the beating of a protester by seven police officers was captured on film and broadcast in a TVB news bulletin. There
120-595: A large roadway in Admiralty, Hong Kong occupied by protesters during the Umbrella Movement protests in September 2014. On 11 December 2014, after 74 days of occupation, the area was cleared by the police and reopened to motorised traffic. The area became completely pedestrianised area after the 28 September 2014 , when the Hong Kong police decided to employ tear gas against peaceful protesters. The use of teargas by
150-407: A margin of 125 votes while Civic Passion candidate Cheng Chung-tai took 391 votes. In the 2016 Legislative Council election , Civic Passion formed an electoral alliance with Proletariat Political Institute 's Wong Yuk-man and Hong Kong Resurgence Order 's Chin Wan . The electoral alliance set their platform Chin's "City-state theory", amending the current Basic Law of Hong Kong to maintain
180-436: A political context to 1783. The Encyclopædia Britannica records the first political usage of 'radical' as ascribed to Charles James Fox , a British Whig Party parliamentarian who in 1797 proposed a 'radical reform' of the electoral system to provide universal manhood suffrage , thereby idiomatically establishing the term ' Radicals ' as a label denoting supporters of the reformation of British Parliament. Throughout
210-601: A radical localist ideology, and instead likened the program to the Hong Kong Army Cadets Association Limited led by Regina Leung , the wife of Chief Executive Leung Chun-ying . In the 2015 District Council election , Civic Passion fielded six candidates, of which five ran against the pro-democratic Democratic Party , but did not win any seat. However, Democrat heavyweight Albert Ho lost his seat in Lok Tsui to pro-Beijing lawyer Junius Ho with
240-423: Is a view that some fundamental change is required of the status quo . For an array of anti-capitalist forms, this manifests in anti-establishment reactions to modern neoliberal regimes. The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy describes the radical concept of ideology to be that: This view reflects "a consensus among radicals of all stripes on the role of law as a dissembling force to safeguard
270-465: The 2014 Hong Kong protests the area was home to around 2,000 tents of varying sizes, many of which were given addresses by the residents. It was reported that postal services delivered to Umbrella Square tent addresses, although the Hong Kong Post officially denies having done so. Jonathan Kaiman of The Guardian described Umbrella Square as a "high-functioning utopian collective blocked off by
300-470: The 2014 Hong Kong protests , Civic Passion was one of the constituent groups of the Umbrella Movement . One of its activists, nicknamed "Frenchman", allegedly instigated the forced entry into the Legislative Council Complex , in which masked raiders rammed glass doors and dispersed promptly after two panes of the glass door were broken. Wong Yeung-tat denied claims that he instigated or planned
330-533: The Radical-Socialist movement with a focus on proletarian solidarity. With the rise of Marxism , the notion of radical politics shifted away from reformism and became more associated with revolutionary politics. In United States politics , the term is used pejoratively among conservatives and moderates to denote political extremism , with the 19th-century Cyclopaedia of Political Science describing it as "characterized less by its principles than by
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#1732848952343360-614: The 19th century, the concept of radical politics broadened into a variety of political notions and doctrines. Party politics in England began to favour moderate positions, marginalising other movements into more politically aggressive factions. As open advocacy of republicanism was illegal in France following the Napoleonic Wars , Radicals emerged under similar reformist ideals as their British counterparts, though they later branched out to form
390-521: The Hong Kong's "city-state" status with the means of a de facto referendum triggered by all five legislators of the alliance resigning from each geographical constituencies. The alliance ultimately lost as only one of their candidates Cheng Chung-tai in New Territories West won a seat. The alliance bagged 154,176 votes, 7.11 per cent of the vote share. Wong Yeung-tat resigned from the leadership and
420-406: The alleged shoppers and having clashes with the police. After the third demonstration, the central government said it would restrict Shenzhen residents to one visit a week. In May 2016 Civic passion announced the creation of a summer camp program which would feature “military style training” and “lectures on localism”. Wong Yeung-tat dismissed claims by critics that the program was designed to instil
450-687: The annual vigil to commemorate the Tiananmen Square crackdown held by the Hong Kong Alliance in Support of Patriotic Democratic Movements in China of the pan-democracy camp as they accused it of being under the theme of Chinese nationalistic sentiment . The alternative event attracted 200 people in 2013 and 7,000 in 2014, compared with 180,000 and 150,000 respectively for the Victoria Park event. During
480-495: The decision from Beijing. All pro-democracy legislators resigned to protest against the "unlawful" act, but Cheng and unaligned Pierre Chan announced their decision to stay, intensifying the disagreement between two sides. Cheng Chung-tai was disqualified as Legislative Council member on 26 August 2021 after authorities deemed him as unpatriotic. Civic Passion, which he chaired, announced to disband on 3 September, citing no future political pathway ahead. Two district councillors from
510-461: The group has been accused of xenophobia , nativism and advocacy of Hong Kong independence by the pro-Beijing camp and even by mainstream democrats . Civic Passion criticises the moderate pan-democracy camp for their stance on immigration policy and border control and their relationship with Beijing. In 2013 and 2014, the group organised an alternative 4 June rally in Tsim Sha Tsui against
540-550: The incident. The group also allegedly tried to gain control of the main stage of the Admiralty site and confronted the campaign leadership after the pan-democrats condemned the attack on the LegCo building. In early 2015, it organised anti-parallel trading protests with another localist group Hong Kong Indigenous against the growing influx of mainland Chinese shoppers engaging in parallel trading in early 2015, aggressively picketing
570-652: The manner of their application". During the 20th century, radical politicians took power in many countries across the world. Such radical leaders included Vladimir Lenin and Joseph Stalin in Russia, Mao Zedong in China, Adolf Hitler in Germany, as well as more mainstream radicals such as Ronald Reagan in the United States and Margaret Thatcher in the United Kingdom. The common feature to all radical political forms
600-488: The only candidate of the alliance elected to the legislature and subsequently took over as the leader of the Civic Passion. After the election, Cheng reorganised the group into a political party and pulled out from the social activism. From December 2020 to August 2021, it was the only opposition party in the Legislative Council of Hong Kong . The group was founded on 29 February 2012 by Wong Yeung-tat . Wong Yeung-tat
630-523: The party resigned on the same day. Radical politics Radical politics denotes the intent to transform or replace the fundamental principles of a society or political system , often through social change , structural change , revolution or radical reform . The process of adopting radical views is termed radicalisation . The word radical derives from the Latin radix ("root") and Late Latin rādīcālis ("of or pertaining to
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#1732848952343660-445: The police brought hundreds of thousands of people to the area. Umbrella Square comprised virtually the entire lengths of Harcourt Road , and Tim Mei Avenue . There were barricades on each end and on roads leading to or off both roads, numbering 21 in total. Initially an informal term by the occupiers, "Umbrella Square" became a recognised name as people continued to occupy the site. The name became incorporated into maps. During
690-668: The pro-democracy camp along with other anti-establishment colleagues after being elected to the Legislative Council. Cheng later became the only localist member in the parliament after the disqualification of members in the oath-taking controversy. After protest erupted in mid-2019, the rift between Civic Passion and pro-democracy bloc still existed, as shown in House Committee brawl and National Anthem Bill debates. In November 2020, 4 pro-democracy Legislative Council members were disqualified by Hong Kong Government in accordance with
720-506: The root, radical"). Historically, political use of the term referred exclusively to a form of progressive electoral reformism , known as Radicalism , that had developed in Europe during the 18th and 19th centuries. However, the denotation has changed since its 18th century coinage to comprehend the entire political spectrum , though retaining the connotation of "change at the root". The Oxford English Dictionary traces usage of 'radical' in
750-683: The unjust relations of the status quo." This radical critique of ideology is especially prominent within post-leftism . In addressing specific issues, some radical politics may completely forgo any overarching ideological plan. Astrid Bötticher identifies several differences between radicalism and extremism , among them in goals (idealistic vs. restorative , emancipatory vs. anti-democratic), morals (particular vs. universal), approach towards diversity (acceptance vs. disdain), and use of violence (pragmatic and selective vs. legitimate and acceptable). Umbrella Square Umbrella Square ( Chinese : 雨傘廣場 ), also called Umbrella Plaza , describes
780-443: The vicinity were equally well-stocked with toiletries. Local architects have noted how the occupiers re-purposed the square from the roadway and adapted it to functional use; they created ad hoc architecture, such as barricades, supply infrastructure, recycling stations cinemas and libraries. Art and infrastructure was added on a constant basis. Showers were erected, along with composting and electrical charging stations. More than
810-666: Was a candidate for the electoral alliance People Power (a radical democratic political party) during the 2012 Legislative Council election in Kowloon East constituency and Civic Passion served as the election campaign vehicle for Wong. After losing the election, Wong denied any relationship with People Power and Civic Passion became non-affiliated with any group. As an internet activist group, it runs Passion Times ( Chinese : 熱血時報 ), an organisation that publishes printed materials and broadcast internet radio programmes and which has over 300,000 Facebook followers. The group's app
840-495: Was also a central podium where nightly talks and rallies were held, adjacent to which there was a press compound. The encampments were referred to as "villages". Stickers and labels alluding to social change, freedom, and democracy were attached to road signs. Occupiers' flimsy tents were often given grandiose addresses such as "Umbrella Court" or "Democracy Gardens", parodying names given to luxury property developments in Hong Kong, an increasingly unaffordable city. The movement
870-610: Was banned in China's Apple App store during the 2014 Hong Kong protests . During the protests, its website suffered distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks, during which Passion Times claims its website was hit with up to 200,000,000 requests per second. Civic Passion takes a radical view towards the Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China and against the large influx of mainland tourists and new immigrants to Hong Kong. Due to these anti-mainland sentiments,
900-554: Was replaced by Cheng after the election. After the election, Wong Yeung-tat resigned as the leader of Civic Passion and subsequently quit the group with his Passion Times . Cheng took over as leader and transformed the group into a political party in which he became the chairman and Alvin Cheng as vice-chairman. Cheng vowed to switch the party from "militant" street action to parliamentary path with community groundwork and pulled out from social activism entirely. Cheng Chung-tai did not join
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