The Cineon System was one of the first computer based digital film systems , created by Kodak in the early 1990s. It was an integrated suite of components consisting a Motion picture film scanner , a film recorder and workstation hardware with software (the Cineon Digital Film Workstation) for compositing , visual effects , image restoration and color management .
63-528: The system was first released in September 1992 to Cinesite Hollywood. The workstations were initially built on Sun - Transputer based hardware. In July 1993 version 2.1.3 of the software was released for Silicon Graphics Inc , SGI Onyx hardware. The software was withdrawn from sale by 1997, although a number of customers continued to use it beyond that date. As an end-to-end solution for 4K resolution , 10 bit digital film production and Digital intermediate ,
126-465: A Visual Effects Society award in 2021 for its work on Universal Studios' stage-based stunt show The Bourne Stuntacular. The show also won an award from the TEA ( Themed Entertainment Association ) which stated, "The high level of technical achievement and the creative application in creating a spectacular, immersive experience makes The Bourne Stuntacular a worthy recipient of this honor." The studio won
189-830: A BAFTA in Special, Visual and Graphic Effects for its work on The Witcher S2 at the 2022 British Academy Television Craft Awards. On 8 February 2016, Cinesite announced the launch of a dedicated feature animation division at its Montréal Studios. Since then, it has worked with production partners to complete Charming (2018), Gnome Alone (2018), Trouble (2019), and Fearless (2020) for 3QU Media, The Star (2017) for Sony Pictures Animation , and Extinct (2021) for Huayi Brothers . In addition to providing production services for other studios, Cinesite produces its own animated features through Aniventure . Cinesite first collaborated with River Productions to produce Riverdance: The Animated Adventure (2021); an animated version of
252-502: A Performance Capture and Virtual Production company with facilities at Pinewood Studios in the UK and at Trilith Studios in Atlanta, Georgia, USA. In January 2024, Cinesite announced it was opening an immersive division to create content that will span virtual, physical and mixed realities, location-based entertainment and theme park rides and attractions. The studio also confirmed it had entered
315-502: A UK-based private investor. Current ownership is a combination of its existing management team supported by private investment. After Cinesite became independent from Kodak in 2012, it began a sustained period of international growth. In January 2014, with the support of Investissement Québec , Cinesite announced its opening of 27,000 sq ft studios in Montréal and a feature animation division at that location. Its initial employment target
378-405: A biconcave or plano-concave lens in a lower-index medium, a collimated beam of light passing through the lens is diverged (spread); the lens is thus called a negative or diverging lens. The beam, after passing through the lens, appears to emanate from a particular point on the axis in front of the lens. For a thin lens in air, the distance from this point to the lens is the focal length, though it
441-696: A common axis . Lenses are made from materials such as glass or plastic and are ground , polished , or molded to the required shape. A lens can focus light to form an image , unlike a prism , which refracts light without focusing. Devices that similarly focus or disperse waves and radiation other than visible light are also called "lenses", such as microwave lenses, electron lenses , acoustic lenses , or explosive lenses . Lenses are used in various imaging devices such as telescopes , binoculars , and cameras . They are also used as visual aids in glasses to correct defects of vision such as myopia and hypermetropia . The word lens comes from lēns ,
504-637: A focus. This led to the invention of the compound achromatic lens by Chester Moore Hall in England in 1733, an invention also claimed by fellow Englishman John Dollond in a 1758 patent. Developments in transatlantic commerce were the impetus for the construction of modern lighthouses in the 18th century, which utilize a combination of elevated sightlines, lighting sources, and lenses to provide navigational aid overseas. With maximal distance of visibility needed in lighthouses, conventional convex lenses would need to be significantly sized which would negatively affect
567-412: A great deal of experimentation with lens shapes in the 17th and early 18th centuries by those trying to correct chromatic errors seen in lenses. Opticians tried to construct lenses of varying forms of curvature, wrongly assuming errors arose from defects in the spherical figure of their surfaces. Optical theory on refraction and experimentation was showing no single-element lens could bring all colours to
630-537: A lens in air, f is then given by 1 f ≈ ( n − 1 ) [ 1 R 1 − 1 R 2 ] . {\displaystyle \ {\frac {1}{\ f\ }}\approx \left(n-1\right)\left[\ {\frac {1}{\ R_{1}\ }}-{\frac {1}{\ R_{2}\ }}\ \right]~.} The spherical thin lens equation in paraxial approximation
693-466: A long-term partnership with Frameless Creative, the company behind the UK’s largest and London’s first permanent multi-sensory art experience. The company also revealed it had animated Forsaken a short film conceived and directed by award-winning filmmaker Roland Lane and supported by Greenpeace and Arts Council England. Forsaken played on Outernet London’s floor to ceiling wrap around screens to highlight
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#1732851110977756-566: A magnifying glass, or a burning glass. Others have suggested that certain Egyptian hieroglyphs depict "simple glass meniscal lenses". The oldest certain reference to the use of lenses is from Aristophanes ' play The Clouds (424 BCE) mentioning a burning-glass. Pliny the Elder (1st century) confirms that burning-glasses were known in the Roman period. Pliny also has the earliest known reference to
819-558: A majority stake in Andy Serkis ' motion capture production studio The Imaginarium . The Cinesite group of visual effects companies includes its own brand services, along with partner companies Image Engine, TRIXTER and FX3X. Notable feature film productions Cinesite has created visual effects for include Roald Dahl's Matilda The Musical (2022), Black Panther: Wakanda Forever (2022), No Time to Die (2021) and Avengers: Endgame (2019). Cinesite has completed work on all eight films in
882-831: A spherical lens in air or vacuum for paraxial rays can be calculated from the lensmaker's equation : 1 f = ( n − 1 ) [ 1 R 1 − 1 R 2 + ( n − 1 ) d n R 1 R 2 ] , {\displaystyle {\frac {1}{\ f\ }}=\left(n-1\right)\left[\ {\frac {1}{\ R_{1}\ }}-{\frac {1}{\ R_{2}\ }}+{\frac {\ \left(n-1\right)\ d~}{\ n\ R_{1}\ R_{2}\ }}\ \right]\ ,} where The focal length f {\textstyle \ f\ }
945-403: Is biconvex (or double convex , or just convex ) if both surfaces are convex . If both surfaces have the same radius of curvature, the lens is equiconvex . A lens with two concave surfaces is biconcave (or just concave ). If one of the surfaces is flat, the lens is plano-convex or plano-concave depending on the curvature of the other surface. A lens with one convex and one concave side
1008-407: Is convex-concave or meniscus . Convex-concave lenses are most commonly used in corrective lenses , since the shape minimizes some aberrations. For a biconvex or plano-convex lens in a lower-index medium, a collimated beam of light passing through the lens converges to a spot (a focus ) behind the lens. In this case, the lens is called a positive or converging lens. For a thin lens in air,
1071-445: Is h ), and v {\textstyle v} is the on-axis image distance from the line. Due to paraxial approximation where the line of h is close to the vertex of the spherical surface meeting the optical axis on the left, u {\textstyle u} and v {\textstyle v} are also considered distances with respect to the vertex. Moving v {\textstyle v} toward
1134-416: Is completely round. When used in novelty photography it is often called a "lensball". A ball-shaped lens has the advantage of being omnidirectional, but for most optical glass types, its focal point lies close to the ball's surface. Because of the ball's curvature extremes compared to the lens size, optical aberration is much worse than thin lenses, with the notable exception of chromatic aberration . For
1197-444: Is currently working on feature film projects as part of an integrated offering, but will also operate as a standalone visualisation vendor. Lens (optics) A lens is a transmissive optical device that focuses or disperses a light beam by means of refraction . A simple lens consists of a single piece of transparent material , while a compound lens consists of several simple lenses ( elements ), usually arranged along
1260-794: Is derived here with respect to the right figure. The 1st spherical lens surface (which meets the optical axis at V 1 {\textstyle \ V_{1}\ } as its vertex) images an on-axis object point O to the virtual image I , which can be described by the following equation, n 1 u + n 2 v ′ = n 2 − n 1 R 1 . {\displaystyle \ {\frac {\ n_{1}\ }{\ u\ }}+{\frac {\ n_{2}\ }{\ v'\ }}={\frac {\ n_{2}-n_{1}\ }{\ R_{1}\ }}~.} For
1323-460: Is further along in the direction of the ray travel (right, in the accompanying diagrams), while negative R means that rays reaching the surface have already passed the center of curvature. Consequently, for external lens surfaces as diagrammed above, R 1 > 0 and R 2 < 0 indicate convex surfaces (used to converge light in a positive lens), while R 1 < 0 and R 2 > 0 indicate concave surfaces. The reciprocal of
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#17328511109771386-407: Is negative with respect to the focal length of a converging lens. The behavior reverses when a lens is placed in a medium with higher refractive index than the material of the lens. In this case a biconvex or plano-convex lens diverges light, and a biconcave or plano-concave one converges it. Convex-concave (meniscus) lenses can be either positive or negative, depending on the relative curvatures of
1449-433: Is positive for converging lenses, and negative for diverging lenses. The reciprocal of the focal length, 1 f , {\textstyle \ {\tfrac {1}{\ f\ }}\ ,} is the optical power of the lens. If the focal length is in metres, this gives the optical power in dioptres (reciprocal metres). Lenses have the same focal length when light travels from
1512-400: Is the radius of the spherical surface, n 2 is the refractive index of the material of the surface, n 1 is the refractive index of medium (the medium other than the spherical surface material), u {\textstyle u} is the on-axis (on the optical axis) object distance from the line perpendicular to the axis toward the refraction point on the surface (which height
1575-1135: Is with respect to the principal planes of the lens, and the locations of the principal planes h 1 {\textstyle \ h_{1}\ } and h 2 {\textstyle \ h_{2}\ } with respect to the respective lens vertices are given by the following formulas, where it is a positive value if it is right to the respective vertex. h 1 = − ( n − 1 ) f d n R 2 {\displaystyle \ h_{1}=-\ {\frac {\ \left(n-1\right)f\ d~}{\ n\ R_{2}\ }}\ } h 2 = − ( n − 1 ) f d n R 1 {\displaystyle \ h_{2}=-\ {\frac {\ \left(n-1\right)f\ d~}{\ n\ R_{1}\ }}\ } The focal length f {\displaystyle \ f\ }
1638-612: The Harry Potter franchise in addition to Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them and nine films in the James Bond franchise . Cinesite's episodic work includes, Moon Knight , The Wheel of Time and Emmy nominated The Man Who Fell to Earth . It won a BAFTA craft award in 2022 for the second season of The Witcher as well as Emmy awards for Generation Kill (2008) and Rome (2006). Emmy nominations include American Gods : Season 1 and Band of Brothers (2002). Cinesite won
1701-473: The 11th and 13th century " reading stones " were invented. These were primitive plano-convex lenses initially made by cutting a glass sphere in half. The medieval (11th or 12th century) rock crystal Visby lenses may or may not have been intended for use as burning glasses. Spectacles were invented as an improvement of the "reading stones" of the high medieval period in Northern Italy in the second half of
1764-502: The 13th century. This was the start of the optical industry of grinding and polishing lenses for spectacles, first in Venice and Florence in the late 13th century, and later in the spectacle-making centres in both the Netherlands and Germany . Spectacle makers created improved types of lenses for the correction of vision based more on empirical knowledge gained from observing the effects of
1827-463: The Cineon format were defined in a Kodak document by Glenn Kennel. The SMPTE standardized the format further into a related format called DPX which can store more varieties of image information as well as additional header information. The Cineon 10 bits per pixel color space provides 1024 levels of color as opposed to 256 levels of color in 8 bits per pixel color space. 10 bit YUV and 10 bit RGB are
1890-691: The Cineon workstation software was written by a team based at Kodak in Melbourne, Australia led by Lindsay Arnold. In early 1995, development moved to Kodak in Rochester, NY, where it was led by David Cok and Jim Minno. In about 1996, software development moved to Palo Alto, California The initial developers of the system received a Scientific and Engineering Award from the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences in February 2005. The system as commercially used contained
1953-974: The Gaussian thin lens equation is 1 u + 1 v = 1 f . {\displaystyle \ {\frac {1}{\ u\ }}+{\frac {1}{\ v\ }}={\frac {1}{\ f\ }}~.} For the thin lens in air or vacuum where n 1 = 1 {\textstyle \ n_{1}=1\ } can be assumed, f {\textstyle \ f\ } becomes 1 f = ( n − 1 ) ( 1 R 1 − 1 R 2 ) {\displaystyle \ {\frac {1}{\ f\ }}=\left(n-1\right)\left({\frac {1}{\ R_{1}\ }}-{\frac {1}{\ R_{2}\ }}\right)\ } where
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2016-716: The German VFX studio TRIXTER. In June 2018, Cinesite was placed in the annual Sunday Times HSBC International Track 200 league table, which ranks the UK's highest performing private firms by international growth. In 2022, the company announced a series of further acquisitions, beginning with L'Atelier Animation in July, Squeeze Studios in early August, Balkan-based visual effects studio FX3X later that month and in November, Assemblage Entertainment in Mumbai. In May 2023, Cinesite would purchase
2079-627: The Irish stage show of the same name , then took over production on the long-gestating feature Paws of Fury: The Legend of Hank (2022). They recently completed Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles: Mutant Mayhem (2023) & Hitpig (2024); a loose adaptation of the Berkeley Breathed book Pete & Pickles. Next set to produce the long in-development adaptation of Animal Farm directed by Andy Serkis and Paramount's untitled Smurfs musical (2025). Vancouver-based animation company Nitrogen Studios
2142-480: The Latin name of the lentil (a seed of a lentil plant), because a double-convex lens is lentil-shaped. The lentil also gives its name to a geometric figure . Some scholars argue that the archeological evidence indicates that there was widespread use of lenses in antiquity, spanning several millennia. The so-called Nimrud lens is a rock crystal artifact dated to the 7th century BCE which may or may not have been used as
2205-466: The Latin translation of an incomplete and very poor Arabic translation. The book was, however, received by medieval scholars in the Islamic world, and commented upon by Ibn Sahl (10th century), who was in turn improved upon by Alhazen ( Book of Optics , 11th century). The Arabic translation of Ptolemy's Optics became available in Latin translation in the 12th century ( Eugenius of Palermo 1154). Between
2268-405: The back to the front as when light goes from the front to the back. Other properties of the lens, such as the aberrations are not the same in both directions. The signs of the lens' radii of curvature indicate whether the corresponding surfaces are convex or concave. The sign convention used to represent this varies, but in this article a positive R indicates a surface's center of curvature
2331-485: The contributions of many additional scientists and engineers. Kennel helped launch Kodak's Cinesite Digital Film Center in September 1992, which became the premier test site for Cineon. In 1993 Cinesite used Cineon in the digital restoration of Disney's Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs , which became the first film to be entirely scanned to digital files, manipulated, and recorded back to film . The restoration project
2394-421: The development of lighthouses in terms of cost, design, and implementation. Fresnel lens were developed that considered these constraints by featuring less material through their concentric annular sectioning. They were first fully implemented into a lighthouse in 1823. Most lenses are spherical lenses : their two surfaces are parts of the surfaces of spheres. Each surface can be convex (bulging outwards from
2457-553: The digital restoration of Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs . The restoration was released in 1993, and Cinesite opened a division in London in 1994. There, it originally operated as a service bureau for Kodak 's Cineon digital film system. Both locations subsequently evolved to become full service visual effects facilities. In 2003, Kodak merged the Cinesite Hollywood office into LaserPacific . In May 2012, Kodak sold Cinesite to
2520-403: The distance from the lens to the spot is the focal length of the lens, which is commonly represented by f in diagrams and equations. An extended hemispherical lens is a special type of plano-convex lens, in which the lens's curved surface is a full hemisphere and the lens is much thicker than the radius of curvature. Another extreme case of a thick convex lens is a ball lens , whose shape
2583-426: The effect of the lens' thickness. For a single refraction for a circular boundary, the relation between object and its image in the paraxial approximation is given by n 1 u + n 2 v = n 2 − n 1 R {\displaystyle {\frac {n_{1}}{u}}+{\frac {n_{2}}{v}}={\frac {n_{2}-n_{1}}{R}}} where R
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2646-1499: The imaging by second lens surface, by taking the above sign convention, u ′ = − v ′ + d {\textstyle \ u'=-v'+d\ } and n 2 − v ′ + d + n 1 v = n 1 − n 2 R 2 . {\displaystyle \ {\frac {n_{2}}{\ -v'+d\ }}+{\frac {\ n_{1}\ }{\ v\ }}={\frac {\ n_{1}-n_{2}\ }{\ R_{2}\ }}~.} Adding these two equations yields n 1 u + n 1 v = ( n 2 − n 1 ) ( 1 R 1 − 1 R 2 ) + n 2 d ( v ′ − d ) v ′ . {\displaystyle \ {\frac {\ n_{1}\ }{u}}+{\frac {\ n_{1}\ }{v}}=\left(n_{2}-n_{1}\right)\left({\frac {1}{\ R_{1}\ }}-{\frac {1}{\ R_{2}\ }}\right)+{\frac {\ n_{2}\ d\ }{\ \left(\ v'-d\ \right)\ v'\ }}~.} For
2709-745: The industry standard. The standard documented and recognized by the Society Of Motion Picture Television Engineers: SMPTE 259M , SMPTE 292M , SMPTE 296M , SMPTE 372M . A .fido file is a type of Cineon Graphics Data File format. From the late 1980s Glenn Kennel was the principal architect of the Cineon digital film system. Kennel led the development of the Cineon CCD film scanner and laser Film recorder (the Lightning film recorder) in Rochester NY. From February 1990,
2772-417: The lens), concave (depressed into the lens), or planar (flat). The line joining the centres of the spheres making up the lens surfaces is called the axis of the lens. Typically the lens axis passes through the physical centre of the lens, because of the way they are manufactured. Lenses may be cut or ground after manufacturing to give them a different shape or size. The lens axis may then not pass through
2835-399: The lens. These two cases are examples of image formation in lenses. In the former case, an object at an infinite distance (as represented by a collimated beam of waves) is focused to an image at the focal point of the lens. In the latter, an object at the focal length distance from the lens is imaged at infinity. The plane perpendicular to the lens axis situated at a distance f from the lens
2898-402: The lenses (probably without the knowledge of the rudimentary optical theory of the day). The practical development and experimentation with lenses led to the invention of the compound optical microscope around 1595, and the refracting telescope in 1608, both of which appeared in the spectacle-making centres in the Netherlands . With the invention of the telescope and microscope there was
2961-493: The mass extinction of life on Earth. The studio created stage-based stunt show The Bourne Stuntacular for Universal Studios Orlando. The project won Outstanding Visual Effects in a Special Venue Project at the Visual Effects Society awards. In February 2024, Cinesite announced it was opening a new division 'Cinesite VIS' to expand its previs, virtual production, techvis and postvis services. The newly created division
3024-1051: The mix of B&W and color pictures. Philips licensed some of the technology from Kodak, mainly the front end ( lens, optics and CCDs). Some books mentioning the role of Cineon in digital imaging history are: Cinesite Cinesite (also known as The Cinesite Group ) is an independent, multinational business which provides services to the media and entertainment industries. Its head office in London opened for business in 1994, initially offering services in visual effects for film and television, subsequently expanding to include animation. Divisions of Cinesite and its partner companies Image Engine Trixter , L'Atelier Animation , The Imaginarium Studios , Squeeze and Assemblage Entertainment operate in London, Berlin , Munich , Skopje, Belgrade, Montreal , Quebec City, Vancouver , Atlanta and Mumbai with more than 2,500 employees. Cinesite opened its doors in Los Angeles in 1991 to help with
3087-406: The physical centre of the lens. Toric or sphero-cylindrical lenses have surfaces with two different radii of curvature in two orthogonal planes. They have a different focal power in different meridians. This forms an astigmatic lens. An example is eyeglass lenses that are used to correct astigmatism in someone's eye. Lenses are classified by the curvature of the two optical surfaces. A lens
3150-414: The radius of curvature is called the curvature . A flat surface has zero curvature, and its radius of curvature is infinite . This convention seems to be mainly used for this article, although there is another convention such as Cartesian sign convention requiring different lens equation forms. If d is small compared to R 1 and R 2 then the thin lens approximation can be made. For
3213-775: The right infinity leads to the first or object focal length f 0 {\textstyle f_{0}} for the spherical surface. Similarly, u {\textstyle u} toward the left infinity leads to the second or image focal length f i {\displaystyle f_{i}} . f 0 = n 1 n 2 − n 1 R , f i = n 2 n 2 − n 1 R {\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}f_{0}&={\frac {n_{1}}{n_{2}-n_{1}}}R,\\f_{i}&={\frac {n_{2}}{n_{2}-n_{1}}}R\end{aligned}}} Applying this equation on
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#17328511109773276-410: The sign) would have zero optical power (as its focal length becomes infinity as shown in the lensmaker's equation ), meaning that it would neither converge nor diverge light. All real lenses have a nonzero thickness, however, which makes a real lens with identical curved surfaces slightly positive. To obtain exactly zero optical power, a meniscus lens must have slightly unequal curvatures to account for
3339-408: The subscript of 2 in n 2 {\textstyle \ n_{2}\ } is dropped. As mentioned above, a positive or converging lens in air focuses a collimated beam travelling along the lens axis to a spot (known as the focal point ) at a distance f from the lens. Conversely, a point source of light placed at the focal point is converted into a collimated beam by
3402-416: The system was one of the first. The three major components of the system (scanner, workstation software, and recorder) have all received separate AMPAS Scientific and Technical Awards. The Cineon project was also responsible for the creation of the Cineon ( .cin) 10 bit log file format, designed to handle digital film frames . Although the product is no longer for sale, Cineon file format that Kodak defined
3465-859: The thin lens approximation where d → 0 , {\displaystyle \ d\rightarrow 0\ ,} the 2nd term of the RHS (Right Hand Side) is gone, so n 1 u + n 1 v = ( n 2 − n 1 ) ( 1 R 1 − 1 R 2 ) . {\displaystyle \ {\frac {\ n_{1}\ }{u}}+{\frac {\ n_{1}\ }{v}}=\left(n_{2}-n_{1}\right)\left({\frac {1}{\ R_{1}\ }}-{\frac {1}{\ R_{2}\ }}\right)~.} The focal length f {\displaystyle \ f\ } of
3528-1110: The thin lens is found by limiting u → − ∞ , {\displaystyle \ u\rightarrow -\infty \ ,} n 1 f = ( n 2 − n 1 ) ( 1 R 1 − 1 R 2 ) → 1 f = ( n 2 n 1 − 1 ) ( 1 R 1 − 1 R 2 ) . {\displaystyle \ {\frac {\ n_{1}\ }{\ f\ }}=\left(n_{2}-n_{1}\right)\left({\frac {1}{\ R_{1}\ }}-{\frac {1}{\ R_{2}\ }}\right)\rightarrow {\frac {1}{\ f\ }}=\left({\frac {\ n_{2}\ }{\ n_{1}\ }}-1\right)\left({\frac {1}{\ R_{1}\ }}-{\frac {1}{\ R_{2}\ }}\right)~.} So,
3591-1258: The two spherical surfaces of a lens and approximating the lens thickness to zero (so a thin lens) leads to the lensmaker's formula . Applying Snell's law on the spherical surface, n 1 sin i = n 2 sin r . {\displaystyle n_{1}\sin i=n_{2}\sin r\,.} Also in the diagram, tan ( i − θ ) = h u tan ( θ − r ) = h v sin θ = h R {\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}\tan(i-\theta )&={\frac {h}{u}}\\\tan(\theta -r)&={\frac {h}{v}}\\\sin \theta &={\frac {h}{R}}\end{aligned}}} , and using small angle approximation (paraxial approximation) and eliminating i , r , and θ , n 2 v + n 1 u = n 2 − n 1 R . {\displaystyle {\frac {n_{2}}{v}}+{\frac {n_{1}}{u}}={\frac {n_{2}-n_{1}}{R}}\,.} The (effective) focal length f {\displaystyle f} of
3654-418: The two surfaces. A negative meniscus lens has a steeper concave surface (with a shorter radius than the convex surface) and is thinner at the centre than at the periphery. Conversely, a positive meniscus lens has a steeper convex surface (with a shorter radius than the concave surface) and is thicker at the centre than at the periphery. An ideal thin lens with two surfaces of equal curvature (also equal in
3717-462: The use of a corrective lens when he mentions that Nero was said to watch the gladiatorial games using an emerald (presumably concave to correct for nearsightedness , though the reference is vague). Both Pliny and Seneca the Younger (3 BC–65 AD) described the magnifying effect of a glass globe filled with water. Ptolemy (2nd century) wrote a book on Optics , which however survives only in
3780-473: Was done entirely at 4K resolution and 10-bit color depth using the Cineon software to digitally remove dirt and scratches. After the end of Cineon, Glenn Kennel worked with Philips to extend the Spirit DataCine to Cineon-compatible digital file output, first applying it to the 1998 movie Pleasantville . Pleasantville was the first digital intermediate film scanned on a Spirit DataCine. This process produced
3843-425: Was for a long time commonly used in the film visual effects world, and formed the basis for the newer SMPTE -standardised Digital Picture Exchange (DPX) format. The Cineon file format was designed specifically to represent scanned film images, and thus has some differences from other formats such as TIFF and JPEG : Programs like FFmpeg and XnView report to support .cin and .dpx . Conversions to
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#17328511109773906-478: Was reached 18 months early, in August 2015. In July 2015, Cinesite announced its acquisition of Vancouver-based visual effects facility Image Engine , which has won Emmy awards for its visual effects on The Book of Boba Fett and Game of Thrones and also received an Academy Award nomination for District 9 in 2010. In March 2017, it acquired Vancouver-based animation studio Nitrogen Studios and in August 2018
3969-639: Was rebranded under Cinesite soon after its acquisition by the group in March 2017. Since then, it has worked for MGM on The Addams Family (2019) and its sequel . In 2022, Cinesite acquired the Montreal-based L'Atelier Animation , and later in the year, purchased majority stakes in Squeeze Studio and Assemblage Entertainment . In May 2023, Cinesite agreed to invest in The Imaginarium Studios ,
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