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49-529: All Spirit DataCines use continuous transport motion, using a capstan and constant film tension . An optional optical audio pick up system can be mounted in the capstan. All Spirit DataCines use a xenon lamp for illumination into a diffusion chamber to minimize dust and scratch visibility. With the standard 35mm lens gate: super 35 mm and academy 35 mm are supported. Also 2, 3, 4, perf are supported. VistaVision 8-perf and 6 perf are an option. The unit comes with select-a-speed, this gives

98-414: A Da Vinci Systems color corrector, 2K or 2K Plus. Some are controlled by Pandora International Pogle, some with a their MegaDEF or a Pixi color grading system. A Spirit DataCine comes with a full function control panel that can be used for control and color grade. The Robert Bosch GmbH , Fernseh Div., which later became BTS inc. – Philips Digital Video Systems, Thomson's Grass Valley and now

147-427: A LED light source. Transfer speeds are up to: 15 frame/s @ 4K, 25 frame/s @ 2K, 44 frame/s @ 1K, 69 frame/s @ 0.5K, 96 frame/s @ 0.25K. Scanity LED light sources is variable and programmable. Like all the telecines above it uses a continuous motion capstan film transport. New for scanity is the use of an infrared CCD channel for dirt mapping. Also new is large drum gate that give better performance with older film and

196-682: A film recorder for film-out . The control room for the telecine is called the color suite or sometimes a color bay. In a two years time span the Spirit DataCine took over the number one spot of telecines from Rank Cintel . In 1999 Philips introduces the VDC-2000-Specter the first virtual telecine . It is able to color correct, re-size and grain reduce 2K DPX files in real time. Used in DI work and to make multiple video formats off one film transfer scan (HDTV, PAL, NTSC, Pan scan, letter box...). This

245-461: A 50-pair (100- wire ) unidirectional twisted pair cable, running at 800 Mbit/s (100 MB/s) with maximum range limited to 25 metres (82 ft). A bidirectional connection therefore required two separate cables. 32 bits are transferred in parallel with a 25 MHz clock. Later standards included a 1600 Mbit/s (200 MB/s) mode (using two cables running at the same 25 MHz clock in parallel) as well as Serial HIPPI using fibre optics with

294-639: A color grade system. Bosch made a scene by scene color corrector, model FRP 60, as an option for the FDL-60. Da Vinci Systems also made the Wiz color corrector for the FD60. About 568 FDL-60 telecines were manufactured from 1979 to 1989. FDL 60 were ordered in PAL or NTSC or Secam, a few were multi standard by changing a few electronic circuit cards. Philips-BTS eventually evolved the FDL 60 into

343-524: A depth of 16 bits, released in 2022. Able to output TIFF and DPX files. File sizes for mastering has a max size of up to 14.3K horizontal and 10.7K vertical resolution. A 35mm gate is also available. File output can be DPX or TIFF 10 or 16 bit output. 65/70mm film is supoorted in both 5 perf and 15 perf. On December 9, 2016 Digital Film Technology (dft), completed the acquisition of Sondor . Sondor products were manufactured in Zollikon , Switzerland . Sondor

392-561: A full 2K (2048) RGB resolution . Like the SDC 200x the unit is made in Germany. SDC 2K Spirit DataCine uses three physical CCDs: red, green and blue. The optional RGB resolution independent Scream film grain reducer is now internal to the Datacine. The SDC 2K Spirit DataCine could be configured as just a data scanner output on a GSN fiber Optic with speeds up to 30 frame/s at 2K or just a video telecine (with

441-494: A head and could be fed to an audio sound mixing console or to the VTR . Spirit DataCines use a charge-coupled device Line Array – CCD for imaging. In print mode a “white” light is shone through the exposed film image into a lens and then to prism, color glass separates out the image into the three primary colors, red, green and blue. Each beam of colored light is then projected at a different CCD, one for each color. The CCD converts

490-534: A maximum range of 10 kilometres (6.2 mi). HIPPI usage dwindled in the late 1990s. This was partly because Ultra3 SCSI offered rates of 320 MB/s and was available at almost any computer store at commodity prices. Meanwhile, Fibre Channel offered simple interconnect with both HIPPI and SCSI (it can run both protocols) and speeds of up to 400 MB/s on fibre and 100 MB/s on a single pair of twisted pair copper wires. Both of these systems have since been supplanted by even higher performance systems during

539-548: A native 8K archive film scanner released in 2023. POLAR HQ is designed for new film and archive remastering film, able to putput both 4K and 8K resolution . POLAR HQ has: Touchless film handling, Optical Pin Registration, Visible shuttle, Dual & Triple HDR modes, Keykode, full edge-to-edge scans, Diffuse light source, optional (IR) Infrared and optional Audio pick system. At NAB in April 2014 DFT introduced Phantom 2. This software

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588-426: A single cable and connector. Each channel consists of 16 data lines, four control lines, one framing line and two clock lines, for a total of 23 lines, all of which are differential. The connectors (Berg Micropax 100 ) have 100 pins total, of which 92 (23×2×2) are used. Fiber-optic cables (HIPPI-6400-OPT) are limited to 1 km. It uses the same principal signals as the copper interface, but runs everything at twice

637-434: A spatial processor) or both. The DPX data files are outputted to a Bones Linux workstation that is connected to a SAN. Same as the SDC 2K [1] Spirit DataCine but with the optional 4k (4096) data scanning license, It can output 4k DPX files at 8 frames per second, SAN speed permitting. With the optional scaler the 4k CCD output could be used as an oversampled 2K output. The unit can also output 16 bit data. In 2007

686-410: A unique fast image and audio synchronization feature. DFT – Digital Film Technology revealed its new film scanner at the 2009 NAB Show , Scanity. [3] Scanity uses Time Delay Integration (TDI) line sensors and FPGA image processing. The TDI CCDs have 4300 horizontal active pixels, and up to 96 TDI lines, with a 6μ pixel size. Scanity uses a continuous film transport servo system, using a capstan and

735-404: A whole is called the transport mechanism . The tape head is the part of a tape recording or playback device which converts the magnetic fluctuations present in the tape into an electrical signal, which is then amplified and sent to speakers or headphones. The tape head is set off-center in a multitrack device in order to record or play one or more tracks running in each direction of the tape (e.g.

784-541: Is DFT Digital Film Technology introduced the world's first CCD telecine in 1979, the FDL-60. The FDL-60 was designed and made in Darmstadt West Germany, this was the first all solid state Telecine. FDL is short for F ilm D igital L ine. The FDL-60 uses a three CCD single-line array system, whereby three lines, Red Green Blue (RGB) each with 1,024 pixels per line to record a single line of the film image. FDL60A uses three Fairchild Semiconductor CCD 133 CCDs for

833-402: Is a computer bus for the attachment of high speed storage devices to supercomputers , in a point-to-point link . It was popular in the late 1980s and into the mid-to-late 1990s, but has since been replaced by ever-faster standard interfaces like Fibre Channel and 10 Gigabit Ethernet . HIPPI was the first “near-gigabit” (0.8 Gbit/s) ( ANSI ) standard for network data transmission. It

882-411: Is always placed downstream (in the direction of tape motion) from the tape heads. To maintain the required tension against the tape heads and other part of the tape transport, a small amount of drag is placed on the supply reel. Tape recorder capstans have a function similar to nautical capstans , which however have no pinch rollers, the line simply being wound around them. The use of a capstan allows

931-523: Is for outputting the Spirit Datacine's DPX files. Phantom 2 Transfer Engine software runs on a Linux computer and is used to record the DPX files from a Spirit DataCine with a data option. These files are then stored on a storage area network. A Phantom 2 can replace a Phantom one or Bones ingest system. Data interface output uses infiniband fiber optic, OXScan 14K is 65mm film and 70 mm film scanner at up to

980-470: Is on each side of the heads, are claimed to provide even smoother tape travel across the heads and result in less variance in the recorded/playback signal. The pinch roller is a rubberized, free-spinning wheel typically used to press magnetic tape against a capstan shaft in order to create friction necessary to drive the tape along the magnetic heads (erase, write, read). Most magnetic tape recorders use one capstan motor and one pinch roller located after

1029-461: The 2:3 pulldown , if needed for the format. An optional Scream grain reducer can reduce film grain in all three color channels. The Spirit DataCine opened the door to the technology of digital intermediates , wherein telecine tools were not just used for video outputs, but could now be used for high-resolution data that would later be recorded back out to film. The DFT Digital Film Technology, formerly Grass Valley Spirit 4K/2K/HD (2004) replaced

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1078-561: The magnetic heads in the direction of the moving tape. However multiple pinch rollers may also be employed in association with one or more capstans. An example of the application of multiple pinch rollers is the Technics RS-1520 tape recorder, which utilizes two pinch rollers located on opposite sides of a single capstan shaft, providing a more stable transport across two sets of magnetic heads. Dual pinch rollers are also used (along with dual capstans) in auto-reverse cassette decks to drive

1127-675: The 2000s. From 1996 on an effort to improve the speed resulted in HIPPI-6400, which was later renamed to GSN (for Gigabyte System Network ), but GSN saw little use due to competing standards and high cost. GSN has a full-duplex bandwidth of 6400 Mbit/s or 800 MB/s in each direction. GSN was developed by Silicon Graphics and Los Alamos National Laboratory . It uses a parallel interface for higher speeds. GSN copper cables (HIPPI-6400-PH) are limited to 40 metres (130 ft). Like HiPPI-800, GSN uses two separate simplex channels (one in each direction). Unlike HiPPI-800, they are combined in

1176-688: The FDL 90 in 1989 and then updated to the Quadra in 1993. These units were able to support super 35mm, super 16mm and super 8. The units were able to zoom and position the picture. The units outputted 4:4:4 digital video to feed a color corrector like the Da Vinci Systems 888. The units also had an optional analog output. The film path was similar to the Spirit Datacine, but this was the only similarity. FDL 90 and Quadra used three Fairchild CCD 181 CCDs. Both had an optional Pal/NTSC switchable option. Both were 3/4 perf switchable. Many FDL-90 were updated to have

1225-558: The Quadra electronic circuit cards improvements. A true Quadra had a new capstan position closer to the film gate and with a blue color deck. A line of stand alone SDTV Noise/Grain Reducers were made for use on the FDL 90, later telecines and tape to tape use, models: DNR7, MNR9, MNR10, MNR11 and the VS4. In 1994 the FLH-1000 was demonstrated by BTS inc. This unit was never released for sale. This

1274-627: The SDC 2000 and SDCs 2001 called the Scream film grain reducer. Scream film grain reducer is a resolution independent three channel RGB grain reducer. Scream can be used on the Spirit DataCine and the VDC. Also in 2000 the first D6 HDTV VTR is shown. In 2000 the Shadow telecine was demonstrated by Philips. The Shadow (STE) is a Spirit DataCine without a Kodak front end (lens, optics and CCDs). This made for lower cost telecine transfers, good for SDTV and HDTV. In 2003

1323-517: The SDC 2002 replaced the SDC 2001, the SDC 2002 had the addition of being GSN data output ready. Data interface, GSN- Gigabit Ethernet fiber Optic has speeds up to 30 frame/s at 2K. Also a Color Graphical Control (GCP) panel now came standard and replaced the monochrome functional control panel (FCP). In 2005 SDC 2K Spirit DataCine was demonstrated by Thomson's Grass Valley, The Scanning optic system are made by Kodak in NY. The CCD are made by Dalsa. SDC 2K has

1372-477: The SDC HD [2] Spirit DataCine, that is similar to the SDC 2K Spirit DataCine and SDC 4K Spirit DataCine was introduced. The SDC HD can output HD and SDTV video from rack 2. As the spatial processor is now part of rack 2, eliminating the need for the many electronic cards in rack 3. The option Data interface output is now using infiniband fiber Optic, rather than GSN, 2nd generation SDC 2K-SDC 4K. In 2007 Bones Dailies

1421-589: The Scanity's optional IR dirt and scratch removal system or be outputted on a four IR channel for downstream dirt and dirt and scratch removal systems. Popular downstream dirt and scratch removal systems are PF Clean and Digital ICE . At NAB in April 2014 DFT introduced the Scanity HDR. A Scanity with High-dynamic-range imaging option. The Scanity can scan very dark black-and-white film with more dynamic range and lower noise , using special digital processing . With

1470-573: The Spirit 2000 Datacine and uses both 2K and 4k line array CCDs. The SDC-2000 did not use a color prisms and/or dichroic mirrors, color separation was done in the CCD. DFT revealed its newest scanner at the 2009 NAB Show , Scanity. A Spirit DataCine outputting DPX files was used in the 2000 film O Brother, Where Art Thou? . The DPX files were color corrected with a VDC-2000 and a Pandora Int. Pogle Color Corrector with MegaDEF. A Kodak Lightning II film recorder

1519-472: The Spirit DataCine (SDC 2000), which was capable of scanning the film image at HDTV resolutions and approaching 2K (1920 Luminance and 960 Chrominace RGB) x 1556 RGB. The SDC 2000 Spirit DataCine uses two physical CCD, one for Chrominace and one for Detail/Luminance. The unit used two CCDs for improved Signal to Noise ratio. The chroma CCD gave the unit high signal to noise ratio and the Luminance CCD gave

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1568-467: The Spirit DataCine or other devices like video tape or digital acquisition cameras. Bones can also be used in a virtual telecine mode. On September 5, 2011, DFT announced a new product Flexxity. Flexxity is a suite of software for a host of post-production applications. Flexxity can process DPX, R3D, ARRIRAW, QuickTime clips, stereoscopic 3D support with stereo color matching and parallax adjustments, left and right eye synchronization and more. Flexxity has

1617-399: The film and helps clean the film. Full immersion also eliminates the risk of bubbles appearing in the film optic path. The gate uses rollers, so the film is not at risk of scratches. At the gate exit, the film is dried. DFT has demonstrated a new 16 Plus gate in 2017. The new gate supports the many small film format gauges, like Super 8 film , 8 mm film and 9.5 mm film . POLAR HQ is

1666-522: The image pickup. FDL60A released in 1979 used a 115 Volt lamp to light the film. The FDL60B released in 1982 added improved video quality features to the FDL60. The FDL60C released in 1987 used a Fairchild CCD 134 and a 24 volt light source. In 1983 an optional Grain Reduce was introduced by Bosch for the FDL-60, model FDGR 60 . This was the first all digital noise reducer. The FDL 60 could operate stand alone or with

1715-511: The light into an electrical signal that produces a modulated video signal which is color corrected and sized so it can then be recorded onto video tape or a Storage area network -SAN hard disk array. Spirit DataCines can output to different TV standards: (NTSC or PAL) or HDTV . The Spatial Processor can change the size of the image: pan and scan , letterbox or make other aspect ratio and rotation changes, also product interlaced video if needed. The Spatial Processor also produces

1764-497: The section of a film speeds from 2.00 frames per second to 57.00 fps in SDTV and 2.00 to 31.00 fps in HDTV interlace format. With the optional 16mm lens gate standard 16mm and Super 16 mm are supported. With the 16mm lens gate an optional Super 8 mm film gate can be added. 16mm audio system also support 16mm mag or magnetic strip sound track on the motion picture would be picked up by

1813-738: The tape in both directions as needed. In this case, only one pinch roller is pressed against its corresponding capstan at a time. A tension arm is a device used in magnetic tape recorders /reproducers to control the tension of the magnetic tape during machine operation. The recorders equipped with a tension arm can utilize more than one of them to control tape tension in different direction of winding or during different modes of tape operation. Tension arms can also be found on digital data recorders and other types of recorders/reproducers using continuous tape media such as magnetic digital tape, perforated paper tape, and analog magnetic tape. HIPPI HIPPI , short for High Performance Parallel Interface ,

1862-479: The tape to run at a precise and constant speed. Capstans are precision-machined spindles, and polished very smooth: any out-of-roundness or imperfections can cause uneven motion and an audible effect called flutter . The alternative to capstan drive, simply driving the tape takeup reel (which was used on some cheap tape recorders), causes problems both with the speed difference between a full and empty reel and with speed variations as described. Dual capstans, where one

1911-400: The two different tracks present on most, if not all, compact cassettes ). The capstan is a rotating spindle used to move recording tape through the mechanism of a tape recorder . The tape is threaded between the capstan and one or more rubber-covered wheels, called pinch rollers, which press against the capstan, thus providing friction necessary for the capstan to pull the tape. The capstan

1960-470: The unit its high bandwidth. Inside the Luminance CCD are 4 electrical CCDs. In side the Chrominace are 3 electrical CCDs: red, green and blue. With the data option the Spirit DataCine can be used as a motion picture film scanner outputting 2K DPX data files as 2048 x 1556 RGB. The normal input data file standard is DPX . The data files are often used in DI – digital intermediate post-production using

2009-437: The use of triple exposure all at once, HDR scanning can be done without reducing the speed of the scan transfer, so 4k can still be scanned at 15pfs and 2K at real time, 24 fps. Scanity HDR bring out more details in black and white film. DFT has demonstrated and delivered a full immersion wet-transfer film gate for Scanity 16mm and 35mm film in 2015. The film is run through a tank of fluid. This both hides surface scratches in

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2058-544: The use of CCD camera to take pictures of the perf hole. The perf hole camera image is used for real time picture stabilization, thus no pins are used in the perf sprocket holes. The Scanity can be set to use just on edge of the perf sprocket hole. Scanity has a new optical audio scanning option for 16mm and 35mm, also 16 mag strip audio. Dot Hill Systems as partnered with Digital Film Technology to capture 4k DPX files at 15 frames per second. Scanity has an optional Infrared -IR camera option. The IR camera channel can be used with

2107-489: Was accomplished by playing the DPX files back through the Spirit Datacine's process electronics and a Pandora International 's MegaDef Colour Correction system. This allowed the film to be scanned only once for all needed formats or be used on DI workflow. In 1999 the SDC 2001 replaced the SDC 2000, the SDC 2001 had the addition of an optional 6 vector resolution independent color corrector. An optional RGB resolution independent film grain reducer also became available for both

2156-442: Was founded in 1952 by Willy Hungerbuehler. Sondor is noted as inventing the standard for bi-phase interlocking pulse signals to sync sound to film. Current products: Capstan (tape recorder) A tape transport is the collection of parts of a magnetic tape player or recorder that move the tape and play or record it. Transport parts include the head, capstan, pinch roller, tape pins, and tape guide. The tape transport as

2205-411: Was introduced, a Linux non-linear post-production software system. Bones Dailies can control all dailies production process: ingest to a SAN, up to 30 frame/s – faster than real-time and make color-graded Dailies masters. It has an audio ingest, audio syncing, ASC CDL based primary, and secondary color-correction. It will work in multiple formats: SD, HD, or 2K-4K material and can ingest content from

2254-441: Was specifically designed for supercomputers and was never intended for mass market networks such as Ethernet . Many of the features developed for HIPPI were integrated into such technologies as InfiniBand . What is remarkable about HIPPI is that it came out when Ethernet was still a 10 Mbit/s data link and SONET at OC-3 (155 Mbit/s) was considered leading edge technology. The first HIPPI standard (HIPPI-PH) defined

2303-408: Was the optical fiber HIPPI cables (up to 6 frame/s at 2K), the next generation interface is GSN- Gigabit Ethernet fiber Optic (up to 30 frame/s at 2K). GSN is also called HIPPI-6400 and was later renamed GSN (for Gigabyte System Network). The SAN hard disks are interfaces to by dual FC- Fibre Channel , cables. The newest DPX output interface is infiniband . Most Spirit DataCines are controlled by

2352-553: Was the first HDTV telecine. The FLH-1000 was improved – redesigned and released as the SDC 2000 – Spirit DataCine. The Scanning system and CCDs were made by Kodak in New York. FLH-1000 and Spirit DataCine were a joint effort between Philips and Eastman Kodak. Beta sites for the FLH-1000 were: Producers Color in Detroit and Channel 4 in London . In 1996 Philips, working with Kodak , introduced

2401-442: Was used to put the data output to back to film. To output the movie the Spirit Datacine's Phantom Transfer Engine software running on an SGI computer is used to record the DPX files from the Spirit DataCine. These files are stored in the virtual telecine or on a SAN hard disk storage array. The Phantom Transfer Engine has been replaced with Bones software running on a Linux-based PC. First generation of DPX interface for data files

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