Chyasal ( Nepal Bhasa :च्यास:) is an ancient town in the District of Lalitpur in Bagmati Zone in Nepal and a section of the city of Lalitpur . Also known as Yala in Nepal Bhasa . The 800 Kiratis are said to been slain in this Dabu by Lichhavis. Yalamber was a Kirat King who settled in Nepal mainly in Ye (Kathmandu Valley) and surrounding region of Khopa (Bhaktapur) and Yala (Lalitpur).
47-423: This ancient town, north post of Yala or Patan City, was a final battlefield for Kiratas and Lichhavis. About 250 A.D., Lichhavis attacked this post killing 800 Kiratas who were guarding at the post. In newari language, 800 means chyasa and the town was named chyasa. Later, it was pronounced as Chyasal. Chyasal is famous for its preserved, traditional culture. The main occupation of the residents of this place
94-505: A Jyapu ( Newar farmer) lost the vest which he had received as a gift from the serpent god Karkotaka Naga for doing him a favour. There are two legends of the favor one of them being the Jyapu providing him some ayurvedic herbs by examining the ill wife of Karkotaka Naga which healed her. Another legend says that the Jayapu was frightened when Karkotaka Naga asked for some herbs to cure his ill wife so
141-494: A World Heritage Site . One of the most used and typical Newar names of Lalitpur is Yala. It is said that King Yalamber or Yellung Hang named this city after himself, and ever since this ancient city was known as Yala. There are many legends about its name. The most popular one is the legend of the god Rato Machhindranath (also known as Bunga Dyah), who was brought to the valley from Kamaru Kamachhya, located in Assam , India , by
188-509: A Sanskrit-Nepal Bhasa dictionary from 1381 AD, was also found. Architecturally notable buildings from this era include Kathmandu Durbar Square , Patan Durbar Square , Bhaktapur Durbar Square , the former durbar of Kirtipur , Nyatapola , Kumbheshwar , the Krishna temple, and others. In 1768, Lalitpur was annexed to the Gorkha Kingdom by Prithvi Narayan Shah without any battle. Lalitpur
235-511: A five-minute walk to Patan Durbar Square. Lagankhel Bus Park is the central transport hub. Sajha Yatayat is another major public vehicle service that connects Lalitpur with its neighboring districts. It also operates electric buses . Patan Hospital is a renowned government hospital in Lalitpur which is also the teaching hospital for the Patan Academy of Health Sciences . Patan Mental Hospital
282-459: A group of three people representing the three kingdoms centered in the Kathmandu Valley . One of them was called Lalit, a farmer who carried god Rato Machhindranath to the valley all the way from Assam , India . The purpose of bringing the god Rato Machhindranath to the valley was to overcome the worst drought there. There was a strong belief that the god Rato Machhindranath would bring rain in
329-435: A month. The chariot of Bunga Dyah is accompanied on the journey by a similar but smaller chariot of Chākuwā Dyah (चाकुवा द्यः). The route of the chariot procession starts at Pulchok and passes through Gabahal, Mangal Bazar, Hakha, Sundhara, Chakrabahil, Lagankhel and ends at Jawalakhel . As per time-honored tradition, the chariot is pulled exclusively by women on the stretch between the localities of Iti and Thati. This part of
376-466: A multi-ethnic population with a Hindu and Buddhist majority. Religious and cultural festivities form a major part of the lives of people residing in Kathmandu. Tourism is an important part of the city's economy and it is renowned for its festivals and feasts, ancient art, and the making of metallic, wood and stone statues. Lalitpur is also home to Patan Durbar Square , which has been listed by UNESCO as
423-481: Is Nepal Bhasa of Newars. Though due to the migration of other people from other places to Patan, other languages like Nepali , Tamang , etc. are also spoken. Former VDCs: Bunga Dyah Jatra (chariot festival) Rato Machindranath Jatra ( Nepali : रातो मच्छिन्द्रनाथको रथयात्रा ), also known as Buṅga Dyaḥ Jātrā ( Newar : बुंग द्यः जात्रा ) is a Nepalese chariot festival which is held in Lalitpur , Nepal . It
470-656: Is Agriculture and business. Nowadays, the trend is shifting and more and more people are attracted towards service based occupation. Chyasal has been conserving its cultural heritage and rituals over thousands of years now. Many festivals, the ancient rituals and ancient heritage are also preserved and are kept safe in conservation. It is situated at north of Patan Durbar Square (Patan Palace) about distance of 500 meters and ends at Bagmati river. Attraction in this town are historic stone water spouts , sculptures of god and goddess, Ganesh temple, ponds, etc. There are only two temples with three-faced Ganesh idol (Swapakhwa Ganesh). One
517-414: Is a metropolitan city and fourth most populous city of Nepal with 299,843 inhabitants living in 49,044 households per the 2021 census . It is located in the south-central part of Kathmandu Valley , a large valley in the high plateaus in central Nepal, at an altitude of 1,400 metres (4,600 feet). It is best known for its rich cultural heritage , particularly its tradition of arts and crafts. It has
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#1732852068703564-473: Is constructed at Bungamati. The chariot is pulled all the way from Bungamati through Bhaisepati, Nakkhu, Bhanimandal, Jhamsikhel and to Pulchowk. The chariot is pulled from Jhamsikhel (near Ideal Model School) to Pulchowk at night. Then the chariot is pulled through the town at its normal route. After the Bhoto Jatra ceremony at Jawalakhel, the idol of Rato Machhindranath is taken back to Bungamati, where it spends
611-464: Is densely populated. In terms of motor transport, Kathmandu Ring Road which encircles the central part of the valley is a strategic road in the city. Connection to Kathmandu over the Bagmati River is provided by a host of road and pedestrian bridges. The most trafficked and important bridge connecting to the centre of Kathmandu is Thapathali Bridge. Since pedestrians and vehicles often have to share
658-752: Is divided into 29 municipal wards. Climate is characterized by relatively high temperatures and evenly distributed precipitation throughout the year. The Köppen Climate Classification subtype for this climate is " Cfa " (Humid Subtropical Climate). The city was initially designed in the shape of the Buddhist Dharma-Chakra (Wheel of Righteousness). The four thurs or mounds on the perimeter of Patan are ascribed around, one at each corner of its cardinal points, which are popularly known as Asoka Stupas. Legend has it that Emperor Asoka (the legendary King of India ) visited with his daughter Charumati to Kathmandu in 250 BC and erected five Asoka Stupas, four in
705-768: Is in Chyasal tole and another is in Pulchowk [1] . The main inhabitant of Chyasal is from Newar community with surnames Byanjankar, Awale, Shakya, Maharjan, Khadgi and Shrestha. Hinduism and Buddhism. Chyasal Youth Club aims to engage in "Sports for health and fitness for the community and national pride". The club owns its own football stadium. [REDACTED] Media related to Chyasal, Patan, Nepal at Wikimedia Commons Lalitpur, Nepal Lalitpur Metropolitan City ( Nepali : ललितपुर महानगरपालिका , Lālitapura Mahānagarapālikā ), also known as Patan ( Sanskrit : पाटन , Pāṭana ), Yala ( Newar : 𑐫𑐮 ), and Manigal ,
752-680: Is less urbanized than Kathmandu, north of the Bagmati river, but is home to many workshops, stores, restaurants, hotels, schools, embassies and other important sectors of the Kathmandu Valley economy. Buddha Air has its headquarters in Jawalakhel near Patan. Lalitpur is home to Pulchowk Engineering Campus , one of the oldest and most reputed colleges affiliated with the Institute of Engineering , Tribhuvan University . Patan Academy of Health Sciences
799-954: Is located opposite Patan Hospital in Lagankhel, which is focused on mental illness patients. Nepal Mediciti Hospital, Bhaisepati and B&B Hospital , Gwarko are some renowned private hospitals in Lalitpur. Sumeru Hospital as kidney hospital located at Dhapakhel . Patan has several local FM radio stations present. Nepal Squash Rackets Association (NSRA)(Satdobato, International Swimming Complex (Satdobato), All Nepal Football Association (ANFA) (Satdobato), Nepal Taekwondo Association (Satdobato, Satdobato Youth Club (Satdobato, Khumaltar Youth Club, Tennis Complex (Satdobato), Army Physical Training Centre (Lagankhel), National Sports Centre (Chyasal), Satdobato Yog Sadhana Kendra (Satdobato), Bhelpa Bhairav Yog Sadhana Kendra (Satdobato), Nakipot Yog Sadana Kendra (Nakhipot), Dholahiti Yog Sadhana Kendra (Dholahiti) Bhalu Bhairav Gym (Satdobato) The native language of Patan
846-479: Is on the elevated tract of land in Kathmandu Valley on the south side of the Bagmati River , which separates it from the city of Kathmandu on the northern and western side. The Karmanasa Khola acts as the boundary on the eastern side. It was developed on relatively thin layers of deposited clay and gravel in the central part of a dried ancient lake known as the Nagdaha . The city has an area of 15.43 square kilometres and
893-555: Is one of the greatest religious events in the city and the longest chariot festival celebrated in the country. The festival is dedicated to Buṅga Dyaḥ, who is also venerated as Karunamaya ( Newar : करुणामय, "the compassionate one"), an aspect of the Bodhisattva Avalokiteśvara and is popularly believed to bring the monsoon rains. He is also identified as an aspect of the Hindu saint Machhindranātha . More specifically, he
940-597: Is placed on a tall chariot and pulled through the city streets in stages. Lalitpur is believed to have been founded in 249 BC by the Emperor Ashoka . It was further expanded by the Mallas during the medieval period. Later Lalitpur is said to have been re-established by King Veer Deva in 299 AD, but there is unanimity among scholars that Patan was a well established and developed town since ancient times. Several historical records including many other legends indicate that Patan
987-526: Is referred as Rato Machhindranath in Nepali , where Rato, meaning "red", is a reference to the colour of the deity's image. The chariot festival is held according to the lunar calendar , so the date is changeable. It begins on the 4th day of the bright fortnight of Bachhalā , the seventh month in the lunar Nepal Sambat calendar. The chariot procession was instituted to celebrate the arrival of Bunga Dyah in Nepal and
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#17328520687031034-456: Is renowned as a very artistic city. Most of the Nepalese art is devoted to gods, and there is an abundance of temples and viharas . Notable landmarks include: All international and domestic flights for Kathmandu Valley are handled by Tribhuvan International Airport which lies about 7 km from Patan City Centre. Walking is the easiest method of transportation within the city as the core
1081-541: Is the native Newars , whose various sub-groups combine to make up 39.6% of the population. The second largest ethnic group is Chhetri , who account for 15.9% of the population while Bahuns also known as Hill-Brahmin or Khas Brahmin, represent 11.9% of the population. Other groups in Kathmandu include the Janajatis, comprising the Tamang (8.3%), Magar (3.5%), Rai (3.5%) and Gurung (1.5%). Nepalese Muslims represent 0.7% of
1128-598: Is the oldest of all the cities of Kathmandu Valley. According to a very old Kirat chronicle, Patan was founded by Kirat rulers long before the Licchavi rulers came into the political scene in Kathmandu Valley . According to that chronicle, the earliest known capital of Kirat rulers was Thankot. Kathmandu , the present capital was most possibly removed from Thankot to Patan after the Kirati King Yalamber came into power sometimes around second century AD. The Licchavi era
1175-559: Is the only medical university in the city with Patan Hospital as its primary teaching hospital, and there is another private medical school - KIST Medical College in Lalitpur. Other institutions of higher learning in Patan include Patan Multiple Campus , Virinchi College and Kathmandu University School of Management (KU SOM). Lalitpur is home to few best schools and colleges of Nepal are located in Lalitpur. Every year thousands of students from all over Nepal arrive at Kathmandu to get admission in
1222-654: The World Heritage List in 1979 as one integrated site. The monument zones are declared as protected and preserved according to the Monuments Preservation Act of 1956. The Square was heavily damaged on 25 April 2015 by an earthquake . Lalitpur was planned in Vihars and Bahils. Out of 295 Vihars and Bahils of the valley 56% of them are in Patan. The water conduits, stone spouts , jaladroni (water tanks), artistic gate ways, Hindu temples and Buddhist Vihars adorn
1269-419: The population is engaged in trades, notably in traditional handicrafts and small-scale cottage industries , and some residents work in agriculture . Lalitpur has produced the highest number of renowned artists and finest craftsmen ever recorded in the history of Nepali art. Lalitpur has maintained a culture of craftwork even in the face of rapid urbanization and many social and political upheavals. The city
1316-513: The 6 months of the year. In the past, for 12 years, there was no rainfall, and all the river dried off. To find out the solution to this problem, the King of Bhaktapur kingdom at that time went to Swayambhu to meet Tantrik. Then, the Tantrik said that Guru Gorakhnath was angry, so he was meditating on the cushion of 9 mighty serpents whose duty was the prime reason of rainfall in the valley. Until and unless
1363-406: The Jyapu who didn't have any idea regarding herbs gave him his own 'khiti'(dirts from his sweaty body) that healed her. One day, the farmer had come to Jawalakhel to watch the chariot pulling festival where he saw someone wearing his missing garment. A quarrel developed over the vest, and since neither party could prove ownership, it was agreed that the undershirt would be kept with Bunga Dyah until
1410-467: The chariot procession is known as Yākah Misāyā Bhujyā (याकः मिसाया भुज्या). The parade finishes at the open ground of Jawalakhel which is situated at the western side of Lalitpur. There, the festivities conclude with the ceremony of Bhoto Jatra, the display of the bhoto, a traditional Nepalese vest. During the "Barha Barsa Jatra", that happens once in every 12 years, the chariot of the Machhindranath
1457-521: The city. As of the 2011 census, Nepali is the most common mother tongue in Lalitpur with 44.9% of the population speaking it as their mother tongue. Newar is spoken by 35.2% while the other languages spoken in the city include Tamang (6.2%), Maithili (3.4%), Magar (1.7%), Bhojpuri (1.4%) and Rai (1.3%) as their first language. English is also spoken by many, especially as a non-primary language. Ethnic groups in Lalitpur The largest group
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1504-615: The construction of public buildings, squares, and temples, as well as the development of waterspouts, the institutionalisation of trusts (called guthis ), the codification of laws, the writing of dramas, and the performance of plays in city squares. Evidence of an influx of ideas from India, Tibet, China, Persia, and Europe among other places can be found in a stone inscription from the time of king Pratap Malla . Books have been found from this era that describe their tantric tradition (e.g. Tantrakhyan), medicine (e.g. Haramekhala), religion (e.g. Mooldevshashidev), law, morals, and history. Amarkosh,
1551-402: The end of a devastating drought. It was started when Narendra Deva was the king (640-683 AD). Preparations for the festival begin with the construction of a 60-foot tall chariot at Pulchok at the western end of Lalitpur. When the chariot is complete, the image of Bunga Dyah from his temple is installed in it. Revellers then drag the chariot through the streets of Lalitpur on a tour that lasts
1598-449: The king Abhaya Malla . These disasters led to the destruction of most of the architecture of the Licchavi era (such as Mangriha and Kailashkut Bhawan ), and the loss of literature collected in various monasteries within the city. Despite the initial hardships, Kathmandu rose to prominence again and, during most of the Malla era, dominated the trade between India and Tibet. Nepali currency became
1645-512: The population. More recently, other Madeshi groups from Terai have come to represent a substantial proportion of the city's population. Religious groups in Lalitpur In terms of religion, 72.3% were Hindu , 19.2% Buddhist , 5.7% Christian , 1.7% Kirati , 0.8% Muslim , 0.1% Prakriti and 0.2% others. In terms of literacy, 86.0% could read and write, 1.6% could only read and 12.4% could neither read nor write. A substantial portion of
1692-453: The rightful owner comes to claim it with adequate proof. Since then, the vest has been shown to the public annually as a call to potential claimants to step forward. The living goddess Kumari of Patan also arrives in Jawalakhel to observe Bhoto Jatra. She watches the ceremony from a special rest house. The auspicious day when the Bhoto Jatra is held is determined by astrologers, so the date
1739-459: The same road, traffic congestion is a major problem in Patan. Efforts are being made to widen roads to make them more suitable to vehicular traffic. Private companies operate a number of routes connecting Patan with other places in the valley. Buses, micro-buses and electric tempos are the most common forms of public transport seen in the city. Lalitpur Yatayat buses connects the touristic Thamel area of Kathmandu with buses stopping at Patan Dhoka,
1786-523: The serpents would be free, rainfall wouldn't happen in the valley. It was possible only when his teacher Rato Machhindranath visited him. So the king started searching for his teacher. After some time, they found out that Machhindranath was reborn as the 108th son of King Sashi in Assam. Then the king of Bhaktapur, Tantrik from Kathmandu, and a Newar from Lalitpur went to Assam to bring Machhindranath back. They knew that it wouldn’t be easy to get him back because he
1833-486: The solution. Lalitpur King was very clever as he chose to keep RatoMachhindranath on Lalitpur. From that day, every year, people celebrate this festival in Lalitpur and pray for good rainfall. Bhoto Jatra, which literally means "vest festival", is the climax of the chariot procession of Bunga Dyah Jatra. As per Nepal Bhasa the Jatra should be considered as Pwaklo Jatra because Pwaklo refers to Vest while Bhoto has sleeves. After
1880-445: The standard currency in trans-Himalayan trade. During the later part of the Malla era, Kathmandu Valley comprised four fortified cities: Kantipur, Lalitpur, Bhaktapur, and Kirtipur. These served as the capitals of the Malla confederation of Nepal. These states competed with each other in the arts, architecture, esthetics, and trade, resulting in tremendous development. The kings of this period directly influenced or involved themselves in
1927-556: The surrounding and one at the middle of the Patan. The size and shape of these stupas seem to breathe their antiquity in a real sense. There are more than 1,200 Buddhist monuments of various shapes and sizes scattered in and around the city. The most important monument of the city is Patan Durbar Square , which has been listed by UNESCO as one of seven Monument Zones that make up the Kathmandu Valley World Heritage Site . The seven monument zones were included in
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1974-444: The two chariots arrive in Jawalakhel, astrologers choose an auspicious date to hold the Bhoto Jatra festival. On the appointed day in the presence of the head of state, a government official climbs on to the chariot and holds up a jewel-studded black vest from the four sides of the chariot so that all the people gathered around can have a look at it. The display is a re-enactment of an event that happened eons ago. According to legend,
2021-433: The valley. It was due to Lalit's effort that the god Rato Machhindranath was settled in Lalitpur. Many believe that the name of the town is kept after his name Lalit and pur meaning township. In May, a chariot festival honoring the deity known as Bunga Dyah Jatra is held in Patan. It is the longest and one of the most important religious celebrations in Patan. During the month-long festival, an idol of Rato Machhendanath
2068-656: The various schools and colleges. Among all, the largest and reputed schools are Ideal Model School , Ullens School, Rato Bangla School, Premier International IB World School , British School, St. Xavier's School , Nepal Don Bosco School, Little Angels' School and Gyanodaya Bal Batika School . Other schools include the Hindu Vidya Peeth Nepal, St. Mary's, Graded English Medium School, DAV Sushil Kedia, Adarsha Kanya Niketan, Tri-padma Vidyashram, Adarsha Saral Madhyamik Vidyalaya, Sudesha High School, and Nava Suryodaya English Secondary School. Nepal National Library which
2115-638: Was established in 1957 AD was moved to Lalitpur from Singha Durbar in 2061 BS. It is at Harihar Bhawan. Madan Puraskar Pustakalaya , located near Patan Dhoka, is another library, which awards the Madan Puraskar and Jagadamba Shree Puraskar literary prizes is in the city. There are also numbers of libraries around Lalitpur Metropolitan city such as Deepawali Pustakalaya in Satdobato, Buddhibikash Library in Lagankhel, and Sanu Ko Pustakalaya in Manbhawan. Lalitpur
2162-526: Was followed by the Malla era . Rulers from Tirhut , upon being attacked by the Delhi Sultanate , fled north to the Kathmandu valley. They intermarried with Nepali royalty, and this led to the Malla era. The early years of the Malla era were turbulent, with raids and attacks from Khas and Turk Muslims . There was also a devastating earthquake which claimed the lives of a third of Kathmandu's population, including
2209-471: Was the son of Daitya. They tried a lot of techniques but they were not successful in bringing him back. Then the Tantrik called 4 Bhairab and asked them to bring him back. Bhairab brought him back to Guru Gorakhnath, and he stood quietly seeing his teacher. Finally, the serpents were free then the rain started raining on the valley. Now, the king, Tantrik, and Newar couldn't decide how district Machhindranath should be kept, so they went to Lalitpur King to find
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