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57-771: The Chung Do Kwan ( 靑 濤 館 ; "Blue Wave School") name was first used by Won Kuk Lee . Lee had studied Taekkyon in An Gup Dong (a neighborhood in Seoul ), karate with Sensei Gichin Funakoshi in Okinawa , and kung fu at centers in Henan and Shanghai in China . Lee earned 4th dan ranking in Shotokan karate . According to Yong Taek Chung (a student of Lee) "it is probable that he did practice in secret as

114-516: A close relationship with his instructor for the rest of his life. After Won Kuk Lee retired and moved to Japan Mr. Chung soon followed his teacher, settling in Tokyo and opening the first Chung Do Kwan Branch Club outside of Korea. In 1955 the Chung Do Kwan (like all Korean martial arts schools) officially adopted the name "Tae Kwon Do" for their martial art curriculum and so Master Chung found himself as

171-640: A demonstration at the Seoul YMCA in 1949. After witnessing that demonstration, he asked his father if he could join the YMCA Kwon Bup Bu under Yoon Byung In. His father approved, and Park spent six months learning under Yoon before the Korean War broke out. Prior to training in the martial arts, Park was active as a gymnast. During the Korean War, Park was assigned to the ROK Army Signal Corps and served in

228-547: A federated sport association and keeping the same training system, forms, uniforms and philosophies taught originally by Lee. This school was developed mostly in the United States , Venezuela and Australia . First generation promoted by Lee Won-kuk (1944-50) Second-generation black belts promoted by Duk Sung Son (1951-59) During the highest peak of the Chung Do Kwan , it gathered more than 50,000 participants. During

285-618: A major figure in the Tokyo martial arts community serving as president of the All Japan Tae Kwon Do Association. In 1959, while still in Tokyo, Master Chung won the prestigious Tournament of Masters. In 1974 Chung decided to bring his expertise to the Kansas City, Missouri in the United States. During Chung's time in Tokyo as well as in Kansas City he would regularly receive visits from his old instructor, Won Kuk Lee. It

342-454: A presidential bodyguard in 1970-1973 also he has taught troops in South Korea and China. In 1976 Choi was invited to the United States by Master Chung, Nak Young. In July 2004 Grandmaster Choi was tested for his 9th Degree Black Belt by Grandmaster Cho and Master Park, Hae Man. This degree was granted by Grandmaster Uhm, Woon Kyu, Head of Kukkiwon Institute, and Chung Do Kwan. Grandmaster Choi is

399-721: A select group of Koreans. The permit was denied twice but finally given after a third petition. Lee started teaching Tang Soo Do (which in Korean means "way of the Chinese hand") at the Yung Shin school gym in Okchun-dong, Seodaemun District , in Seoul. He named his school Chung Do Kwan, which can be translated as "school of the blue wave." After the Korean Peninsula was liberated on August 15, 1945,

456-482: A student of Tang Soo Do/Kong Soo Do under Lee Won Kuk (Chung Do Kwan Founder) and is a graduate of the first class of Chung Do Kwan Black Belts. In 1953 he founded his own branch of Tae Kwon Do and named it Kuk Mu Kwan. From 1957 to 1969 Kang served as the head instructor of the Korean Central Intelligence Agency (KCIA), formerly known as Korean Military Intelligence Agency, and from 1960 to 1968 he

513-418: A supporter of North Korea and eventually the position went to Son Duk-sung. Son was succeeded as president of the Chung Do Kwan by Uhm Woon-kyu in 1959. Uhm also served as President of Kukkiwon (World Taekwondo Headquarters). First generation Chung Do Kwan students include: Aristides Montalvo Santiago Uhm Woon Kyu was the fourth Chung Do Kwan Kwan Jang, after Lee Won-kuk, Yoo Ung-jun and Son Duk-sung . He

570-815: A teenager because he told this author that when he first started training he and his first teachers would not exchange names due to possible consequences if someone got caught." Chung Do Kwan was the second oldest of the martial arts schools, or "kwans", that were established following the Japanese Occupation of Korea , being established shortly after the Song Moo Kwan. Lee trained under Gichin Funakoshi Sensei at Chuo University in Japan . Lee also traveled to China and Okinawa , studying martial arts technique, history, and philosophy. According to Won Kuk Lee interview,

627-411: A title he held from 1944-50, followed by Duk Sung Son (1950-59), who was left in charge directly by Lee and left the position due to differences with high-ranking members. General Choi Hong-hi (1959) acted as temporary school master. Woon Kyu-uhm (1959–present) was named as successor by a committee of high-ranking members. In its early years, Chungdokwan taught 10 hand and eight kicking techniques to

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684-511: A wave of political and social unrest forced Lee to move his school to the Sichungyo church in the Kyunji-dong section of Seoul. Using his own resources, he taught tang soo do independently and after a year, he showed the efficacy of his art to the new government. Soon after, he obtained the support of public institutions and began teaching at the national police headquarters, universities in Seoul and

741-470: Is also a previous leader of the Chung Do Kwan, as well as the ex-President of the Kukkiwon, succeeding longtime President Kim Un Yong. Uhm's nickname was "Sliding Side Kick God," due to his unmatched ability with that technique. Reportedly, he could kick an opponent from ten feet away using it. Uhm helped devise the current rules governing modern Taekwondo free sparring, and is one of the pioneers responsible for

798-423: Is how his students established their own schools. Nam Tae-hi under the direction of Choi Hong-hi (Ohdokwan), Lee Yong-woo (Jungdokwan), Ko Jae-chun (Chungryongkwan), Kang Suh-chang (Kukmookwan) schools were created and developed. Taekwondo is one of the newest Eastern martial arts, and its story started with the opening of Chung Do Kwan in Seoul in 1944. The term " Chung Do Kwan " can be translated as “School of

855-508: Is rarely mentioned in the history of the ATA. Even though Haeng Ung Lee (ATA Co-Founder) was a student of Kang. This is due to the political take over of the ATA by H.U. Lee in 1978. Before his death, Lee Won Kuk promoted Kang Suh Chong to 10th Dan Black Belt. Making him the first of the original Chung Do Kwan Black Belts to receive this honor. Today at age 89 Kang still teaches and is the Chairman of

912-562: Is the Korean Um/Yang symbol containing a clenched fist (symbolizing physical power) holding a scroll (symbolizing scholarliness). In a sense, balance is what Chung Do Kwan students should strive for in life. The two ends of the scroll contain the Korean Hangul characters for "Chung Do". The Official Chung Do Kwan logos include the Hanja for "Blue Wave School": 靑 濤 館 . The same logos include

969-818: The Palgwae forms, a predecessor of the Taegeuk forms. After black belt, practitioners of the Kukkiwon system practice the Yudanja and Kodanja series of black belt Poomsae of the Kukkiwon (Koryo, Kumgang, Taebaek, Pyongwon, Sipjin, Jitae, Cheonkwon, Hansoo, Ilyo). Many Chung Do Kwan schools also practice the Chang Hun tul, even if they are not affiliated with the International Taekwon-Do Federation. Won Kuk Lee Lee Won-kuk ( Korean :  이원국 ; Hanja :  李元國 ; April 13, 1907 – February 2, 2003)

1026-456: The side kick , jumping side kick, and sliding side kick although it practices many other techniques as well—all in accordance with Chung Do Kwan principles. From the start, Lee Won Kuk wanted his students to be men of honor, only allowed upstanding individuals as his students, and encouraged them to live honorable lives as Chung Do Kwan students. All in an effort to restore the good reputation once held by Korean martial arts and distance itself from

1083-594: The time. On August 5, 1965, the name "Taekwondo" was adopted by all Kwans because that became the official name under the Korea Taekwondo Association (KTA). The Chung Do Kwan was the first Kwan to open in Korea. Because of his law background, Lee was appointed as a teacher at the Korean Police Academy and many of his early students were police. President of South Korea Syngman Rhee later offered Lee

1140-695: The All American Tae Kwon Do Federation (AATF) and the World Tae Kwon Do Chung Do Kwan Federation. His Tae Kwon Do system continues to grow through the teachings of his 3 sons, all of whom are masters themselves and have their own schools and organizations as well. The Kang Tae Kwon Do System has schools in the New York Metropolitan Area and Puerto Rico. Also, they have established Tae Kwon Do clubs at MIT and Johns Hopkins University. In April 2009, Kang

1197-452: The Blue Wave”. On how he came up with the name, Lee said, “I was seating at a beach in Korea, looking at the waves crash upon the shore. Suddenly, it came to me the name ‘Blue Wave’ (Chung Do) and I thought it would be a great name for the school. I didn't want to name my school shotokan because a son should have a different name from his father.” The first master of Chung Do Kwan was Lee,

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1254-747: The Chang Hon forms in a series of 5 separate books through Ohara Publications. Originally the ATA even used the Chang Hon forms until the 1980s, even today there are dozens of private American Taekwondo organizations that trace what they teach, and the forms they use, to a Chung Do Kwan/Chang Hon influence. Such organizations include: ITF, United States Taekwondo Federation (USTF), National Taekwondo Federation of America (NTFA), American Karate and Taekwondo Organization (AKATO), American Karate Black Belt Association (AKBBA), National Progressive Taekwondo Association (NPTA), etc. Park Hae Man began his martial arts career when he saw

1311-479: The Hanja for Blue Wave on the two ends of the scroll. The Chung Do Kwan still exists in Korea and now functions as a fraternal friendship social club which is no longer a martial arts style. It, along with eight other recognized Kwans (Song Moo Kwan, Jidokwan, Chang Moo Kwan, Moo Duk Kwan, Han Moo Kwan, Jung Do Kwan, Kang Duk Won and Oh Do Kwan), formed the basis of the Korea Taekwondo Association , and

1368-525: The Korean pronunciation of the Japanese term “ Karate -Do” during the 1920s, using the Chinese character tang (唐). All of the original Tang Soo Do schools taught the original Okinawa-Japanese kata , dressed in the traditional kimono and taught karate with little influence from the millenary taekkyeon martial arts. The peak of Chung Do Kwan led to the opening of schools ran by Lee's students or through their technical support and his promotional impulses. This

1425-491: The Kukkiwon, he spent decades ensuring that Kukki Taekwondo retains the power, etiquette, high technique, manners, and Way that makes it one of the world's preeminent martial arts. He was one of the most important Taekwondo figures in Korea, and one of the most important in the history of the Chung Do Kwan. Woon Kyu Uhm died on June 10, 2017. Kang Suh Chong started his martial arts training in 1938 in Yudo, Su Bahk Do, and later became

1482-493: The Kukkiwon. The Chung Do Kwan still issues Dan and other types of certificates from its world headquarters in Seoul, South Korea. Chung Do Kwan members may also receive Kukkiwon poom and dan certification. According to Uhm Woon Kyu, the President of Taekwondo Chung Do Kwan (and former President of Kukkiwon), the Chung Do Kwan today follows the complete curriculum of Kukkiwon. Some of the older Chung Do Kwan based schools practice

1539-728: The Victory Taekwondo Chung Do Kwan Association. Among others promoted to senior rank by Grandmaster Park Hae Man are Grandmaster Mark Iles (9th Dan), Grandmaster Andy Davies (9th Dan) and Grandmaster David McGoldrick (9th Dan) of UK Chung Do Kwan and GM Aristides Montalvo Santiago(9th Dan ) from Puerto Rico. Choi joined the Chung Do Kwan in 1958. He has trained with teachers such as Won Kuk Lee, Duk Sung Son, Yong Taek Chung, and Tae Hi Nam. Choi has won 12 gold medals in regional, national, and international contests. Trained in Taekwondo, Kung-Fu, Kumdo , and Yudo. He became

1596-453: The army. During that time, Chung Do Kwan reflected the training Lee received from the Funakoshis years before, stressing basic movements, forms (Korean: hyung ; Japanese: kata), three- and one-step sparring, and makiwara training. The style quickly gained popularity and Lee's teaching grabbed national attention. In 1947, President Syngman Rhee asked for all schools of martial arts to join

1653-500: The body's vital points. The hand techniques were punch, spear hand, knife hand, ridge hand (done with the inside edge of the hand created by the thumb and the index finger), eye gouge with two fingers to the eyes, attack with one finger, reverse punch and tiger hand. The kicking techniques consisted of the front, side, crescent and back kicks to different body parts. The school kept two trends with characteristics and training philosophies considerably different from each other. The branch of

1710-428: The capital of South Korea ), which was occupied by Japan and whose regimen regulated all of the population’s activities on the Korean Peninsula. It prohibited the practice or teachings of any martial arts, so those interested, had to go outside of Korea (either China or Japan) to learn the arts. Lee was interested in martial arts at an early age and used to get together with his elders in Seoul to listen to old stories on

1767-457: The decade of 1940 and beginning of the 50s, its trainings and teachings were considered the best and the most authentic. Actually, it is estimated that Tae Kwon Do students exceed 70,000,000 around the world. A great number of schools that followed the Chun Do Kwan were influenced somehow by the effort of the pioneer of the modern Korean martial arts. In 1951, Lee retired from teaching and left

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1824-465: The first Koreans to study karate in Japan. He was among many early Korean Taekwondo masters who learned karate while studying at Japanese universities or training with the Japanese imperial army and later returned to Korea with a first or second-degree black belt. Many schools were founded in the late 1940s and early 1950s and referred to the martial art “Korean karate.” Lee called his art Tang Soo Do ,

1881-557: The formation of modern Taekwondo. He was also Special Instructor for the South Korean Military. He also played a large part in the formation and development of the Korea Taekwondo Association, the World Taekwondo Federation and the Kukkiwon (World Taekwondo Headquarters). As one of Lee Won Kuk's original and first students, Uhm remains a link to the earliest days of Taekwondo. As Head of Chung Do Kwan and President of

1938-731: The former President of T.T.C.A (Traditional Taekwondo Chung Do Kwan Association) which he founded on Jan. 1, 1996. Choi retired from the TTCA and sold the organization to a junior student of his in 2022, after promoting his two senior students to 9th Degree. Hyun Ok Shin - United Chung Do Kwan Association Hae Man Park - Current President of Taekwondo Chung Do Kwan Kyu Seok Lee - Senior VP Asian Tae Kwon Do Union Beginning in early times, Chung Do Kwan technique and philosophy centered on mastering basics, developing powerful technique, pinpoint accuracy in application, strong kicking, and deep appreciation for manners and etiquette. Its trademark techniques are

1995-408: The government party, offering Lee the position of internal affairs minister. Lee declined and was incarcerated under suspicion of leading a band of assassins. According to Lee, other high-ranking members of Chung Do Kwan were also persecuted and tortured. Other sources say Lee was incarcerated for supporting the Japanese colonial regime. He was freed in 1950 and moved to Japan that year. Lee was one of

2052-411: The leadership of the school to Duk Sung-son . In the following years, he would visit his old students, who were recognized later as “Masters,” and acted as judge in tournaments, belt test promotions and other events. He always criticized the changes that were made to the martial art and those who valued the sport aspect of it and put aside the philosophical bases of the style. In 1976, Lee immigrated to

2109-508: The main differences among Korean style Tang Soo Do , Karate, and Kung Fu were in how pressure points were used and attacked. The belt system of the Chung Do Kwan under Lee was as follows: White (8th-5th Guep), Red (4th-1st Guep) and Black (1st to 7th Dan). Testing occurred every six months and students would jump two guep levels per test (8th to 6th guep for example). The reason for this was that many Koreans at that time were poor and could not afford frequent testings. The name "Taekwondo"

2166-587: The meaning of his martial arts learning and saw how the history and legacy of original Korean martial arts were being erased from his own culture. So he returned to Korea to teach martial arts in his homeland using his connections with high-ranking Japanese officials, who allowed him to gain employment at the ministry of transportation. In 1944, Won-kuk made an official request to the Japanese Governor General in Korea and an army general, Nobuyuki Abe , to teach karate to Japanese residents of Korea and later

2223-431: The notion of Taekwondo students as troublemakers. Chung Do Kwan philosophy is that Taekwondo is a method of self-defense, self-improvement, and a Way of Life. According to Hae Man Park, Vice-President of Chung Do Kwan (retired), today Chung Do Kwan is a social friendship club that endorses 100% the curriculum of the Kukkiwon system. Park states that Kukkiwon Taekwondo is Chung Do Kwan Taekwondo, and has been developed from

2280-494: The official naming of the art. Currently, although Park has retired, he now travels all over the world updating Taekwondo standards. Pak Hae Man has many notable students amongst them, Grandmaster Edward B. Sell, the first non-Korean 9th dan, Grandmaster Brenda J. Sell , the 1st female Chung Do Kwan 9th Dan and 1st 9th Dan American-born Kukkiwon holder, (Frank Massar) of Massar Taekwondo and (Sheamus O'Neill) of World Taekwondo Association, and Grandmaster Manny Sosa President/Founder of

2337-437: The old systems of Chung Do Kwan and the other eight Kwans. Before students could become members of the Chung Do Kwan, Lee Won Kuk would have the prospective members read the Chung Do Kwan membership oath as well as sign a paper agreeing to abide by the oath. Today, some Chung Do Kwan affiliated schools have their members recite the membership oath before the start of each class and after to end each class. The Chung Do Kwan logo

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2394-537: The original Pyong-Ahn forms which LEE Won Kuk incorporated from Shotokan karate. (The Pyong-Ahn forms originated in Okinawa, where they are called Pinan . In Japan, these forms are called Heian .) Schools tracing their lineage to Duk Sung Son when he founded the World Tae Kwon Do Association in the United States after leaving Korea also practice Kuk Mu forms. Other older Chung do Kwan schools practice

2451-530: The position of Minister of the Interior. However, when Lee politely refused, President Rhee arrested Lee as well as one of his senior students, Son Duk-sung . After being released, Lee and his family emigrated back to Japan immediately prior to the beginning of the Korean War. Before leaving Korea, Lee appointed his senior student, Yoo Ung-jun to succeed him as the Chung Do Kwan Kwan Jang. Yoo instead became

2508-499: The practice of millennial Korean martial arts like Taekkyeon . It was a custom for affluent Korean families to send their children to study in Japan, where they would learn Japanese, obtain the best education possible, get to know the right contacts and improve their chances of success in a Japanese-dominated society. In 1926, Lee traveled to Tokyo , where he attended high school and later Chuo University specializing in law. During his school years, he started training in shotokan under

2565-624: The same unit as Uhm Woon Kyu. After the Korean War, Park studied under Uhm and eventually was promoted to 1st Dan in 1954. He first began teaching at Seoul National University in 1955 before becoming the Chief Taekwondo Instructor for the Presidential Protective Forces at the Bluehouse in 1962. Park taught at the Bluehouse for eighteen years. When Korea, first became a republic, the first President Park Chung Hee ordered 6 of

2622-491: The school ran by Woon headquartered in Seoul and whose associates are affiliated with World Taekwondo, which is governed by Kukkiwon lineaments, is what is known as Olympic tae kwon do today. Chung Do Kwan in Korea is a social club not necessarily offering official tournaments or other activities on its own. A second branch of the school that is less known was developed by Duk Sung-son , who followed his teachings independently in an orthodox or traditional way, without belonging to

2679-581: The top martial arts to send their best fighter to be his bodyguard. Grandmaster Park was selected to represent Taekwondo. He was the presidential bodyguard for a long time and stayed at the Blue House (equivalent of the White House as blue is the royal colour of Korea). He is the President of the World Chung Do Kwan Association. This is the oldest school of Taekwondo, which started in 1944 before

2736-463: The tutelage of Gichin Funakoshi and his son Gigō Funakoshi , who was the instructor in charge of Chuo's karate club. It was there that Lee became one of the first students of karate in Japan, obtaining the highest rank for a non-Japanese. After graduation, he toured Japan, visiting Okinawa , and many other cities in China including centers where Chuan Fa (kung-fu) was taught. Lee eventually understood

2793-533: The urging of Choi, who wanted Taekwondo to establish its own Korean identity, something it couldn't do with Japanese forms. Jhoon Rhee states that he learned the Chang Hon forms from the South Korean Army Field Manual sent to him by Choi Hong Hi. The Chang Hon set of forms are still taught by independent American Taekwondo instructors who came from the Jhoon Rhee lineage. Rhee's 1970–1971 publication of

2850-417: Was "Chosun Yun Moo Kwan Kwonbop Kong Soo Do Bu" which later became Jidokwan. Kong So Do was used by the following Kwans. Kong Soo Do Jidokwan, Kong Soo Do Chang Moo Kwan, Kong So Do Han Moo Kwan. Kang Duk Won, also a kwan, used the moniker "Moo Do" instead of Tang Soo, or Kong Soo. The Oh Do Kwan and Chung Do Kwan adopted the name "Taekwondo" immediately at Gen. Choi's direction as he was head of both kwans at

2907-473: Was a South Korean martial artist, who founded Chung Do Kwan . He introduced karate to Korea in 1944, creating his own style known as Tang Soo Do Chung Do Kwan style, which became Taekwondo as of 1955; instilling a profound influence in this martial art through teaching future masters and authoring the book “Tae Kwon Do handbook“ in 1968. Lee Won-kuk was born on April 13, 1907, in Hanseong (now Seoul,

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2964-554: Was a graduate of the Chung Do Kwan. Thus, Chung Do Kwan is often associated with what Rhee originally taught Americans. Rhee introduced Americans to the Oh Do Kwan Hyungs called Chang Hon , which were developed by Choi Hong Hi , Nam Tae Hi , Han Cha Kyo , Kong Young Il , Choi Chang Keun , Kim Bok Man and Park Jung Tae and are still used by the late Choi's ITF today (Cheon-Ji, Dan-Gun, Do-San, Won-Hyo, Yul-Gok, Jung-Geun, Toi-Gye, Hwa-Rang, Chung-Mu, Gwang-Gae). He did this at

3021-431: Was a young man, at the age of 19, did Yong Taek Chung begin to train in the art of Tang Soo Do under the instruction of Won Kuk Lee. Sometime later, after martial art training became legal, Yong Taek Chung circulated among the later Chung Do Kwan students and he was to become almost a mythic figure because of his exploits. He was known for his toughness and bravery. Mr. Chung was to remain one of Lee's top students and kept

3078-527: Was during one of these visits in 1984 that Chung received the rank of 9th Dan. In 1988 Chung retired from teaching, turning his schools over to his students, and moved to Garden Grove, California. But remained active with his students and in retirement Yong Taek Chung spent the next 19 years helping students, instructors, and Masters continue the Chung Do Kwan tradition. Chung died on November 11, 2006, in his home in Fountain Valley, California. Jhoon Rhee

3135-493: Was inducted into the Tae Kwon Do Hall of Fame. Yong Taek Chung was born in Seoul, Korea on March 3, 1921. While his family had been highly respected and part of the educated class they lost everything during the Japanese occupation and, like most during that time, struggled for survival. Chung became interested in martial art as a boy but it was illegal at that time to openly teach or learn martial art in Korea. Not until he

3192-592: Was proposed in 1955 by Choi Hong Hi . It was slow to catch on among other Kwan Heads (Kwan Jang). Two names which were actually the two historical names of Karate, pronounced in the Korean language were being used by the Kwan's. Tang Soo Do (Karate; China Hand Way), which was first used by Chung Do Kwan, was used by the following Kwan's. Tang Soo Do Chung Do Kwan, Tang Soo Do Moo Duk Kwan, Tang Soo Do Song Moo Kwan, Tang Soo Do Oh Do Kwan (ITF root) and Tang Soo Do Jung Do Kwan. The first Kwan to use Kong Soo Do (Karate; Empty Hand Way)

3249-675: Was the commanding instructor for the Republic of Korea (ROK) Army. Kang came to the United States in 1969, already an 8th Dan Black Belt, with his family and founded his own Tae Kwon Do academy in Brooklyn, New York. Physically he was known for his power, breaking techniques, and superior knowledge of the Chang Hon Forms. He became the first President of the American Tae Kwon Do Association (ATA) from 1969 to 1978. However his name

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