48-568: The Christian Baptist , established in 1823 by Alexander Campbell , was the first magazine associated with the early Restoration Movement . The prospectus for the Christian Baptist described its purpose as "[to] espouse the cause of no religious sect, excepting that ancient sect called 'Christians first at Antioch.' Its sole object shall be the eviction of truth, and the exposure of error in doctrine and practice." The style has been described as "lively" and "sarcastic". Campbell discontinued
96-724: A motte-and-bailey fort in what is now the Harryville area of Ballymena. It is one of the best-surviving examples of this type of fortification in Northern Ireland. In 1315, Edward Bruce (brother of Scottish king Robert the Bruce ) invaded the Earldom of Ulster, opening up another front in the war against the English. On 10 September 1315, at the Battle of Connor , near Ballymena, Edward's army defeated
144-561: A Borough Council was held on 23 May 1939. The population of Ballymena reached 13,000. Ballymena Castle was demolished in the 1950s. In 1973, the Urban and Rural District Councils were merged to create Ballymena Borough Council . Following local government reorganisation in 2015, the Borough Council was merged with the Boroughs of Carrickfergus Borough Council and Larne Borough Council . During
192-525: A daughter, was born on 13 March 1812. His daughter's birth spurred Campbell to study the subject of baptism. He ultimately concluded that scripture did not support the baptism of infants . He came to believe that individuals had to choose conversion for themselves and baptism was not appropriate until they did so. After the death of Margaret in 1827, Campbell married again the next year, to Selina Huntington Bakewell on 31 July 1828; they had six children. From 1815 to 1824, Campbell and his father kept
240-507: A shop that Alexander built on his own property. Contributing writers included Thomas Campbell and Walter Scott , and the Baptist was instrumental in attracting a number of individuals, including "Raccoon" John Smith , to the movement. By 1830 Campbell had become concerned about the denominational associations suggested by the name of the Christian Baptist . In addition, the Baptists with whom
288-457: A successful publishing operation. Campbell edited and published two journals. The first was the Christian Baptist , which he edited from 1823 through 1830. The second was The Millennial Harbinger , which he began in 1830 and continued to edit until his death in 1866. He became less active in it during the 1850s. In both, he advocated the reform of Christianity along the lines as it
336-767: A time, Campbell was wary of public debates. In June 1820, he debated with Rev. John Walker, a Baptist preacher, at Mount Pleasant, Ohio , on baptism , and since then, regularly participated in debates. Some of them gained national and international attention after their transcripts were published. In 1823, he debated with Rev. William L. McCalla, a Presbyterian minister, on infant baptism ; in April 1829, with Robert Owen on socialism and Christianity ; in January 1837, with Archbishop of Cincinnati , John Baptist Purcell on Protestantism and Roman Catholicism ; in September 1843, he defended
384-421: Is also struggling, citing a downturn in orders. It is hoped that the creation of a manufacturing hub at the former Michelin site will attract businesses to the area. In March 2000, the actor Liam Neeson , a native of Ballymena, was offered the freedom of the borough by the council, which approved the action by a 12–9 vote. Neeson declined the award, citing tensions, and affirmed he was proud of his connection to
432-463: The Christian Baptist in 1830 and began publishing a new journal named the Millennial Harbinger which had a "milder tone". The original idea for publishing a monthly journal originated with Alexander's father, Thomas Campbell , in 1809. Alexander was convinced that an audience existed for his ideas by the success of a published version of one of his debates. The Baptist was printed in
480-931: The Churches of Christ , the Christian Church (Disciples of Christ) , and the independent Christian churches and churches of Christ . Additionally, there are the International Churches of Christ , the International Christian Church , the Churches of Christ in Australia , the Churches of Christ in Europe , and the Evangelical Christian Church in Canada . Campbell also founded Bethany College in what became Bethany, West Virginia . Alexander Campbell
528-543: The Great Famine . While at Glasgow , he was challenged by James Robertson to a debate on the subject of slavery , which the American South protected and Campbell defended as moral. As a result of the fierce exchange, Robertson sued Campbell for libel . The American denied the charge, but he was arrested and imprisoned for ten days. Campbell was released when the warrant for his arrest was declared to be illegal. The case
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#1732856089813576-462: The Restoration Movement in a debate with Rev. Nathan L. Rice, who represented traditional Presbyterianism. Alexander Campbell died at the age of 77 on 4 March 1866 at Bethany, West Virginia . His widow died more than three decades later, on 28 June 1897. His nephew Archibald Campbell (1833–1899) had already become an important abolitionist and Republican party leader, and as editor of
624-804: The Second World War , Ballymena was home to a large number of evacuees from Gibraltar . They were housed with local families. In the 1950s St Patrick's Barracks in Ballymena was the Regimental Training Depot of the Royal Ulster Rifles (83rd & 86th). Many young men who had been conscripted on the United Kingdom mainland, along with others who had volunteered for service in the British Army, embarked upon their period of basic training in
672-545: The Wheeling Daily Intelligencer helped found what became the state of West Virginia. Ballymena Ballymena ( / ˌ b æ l i ˈ m iː n ə / BAL -ee- MEE -nə ; from Irish : an Baile Meánach [ənˠ ˌbˠalʲə ˈmʲaːn̪ˠəx] , meaning 'the middle townland') is a town in County Antrim , Northern Ireland. It had a population of 31,205 people at the 2021 census , making it
720-559: The seventh largest town in Northern Ireland by population. It is part of the Borough of Mid and East Antrim . The town was built on the Braid River , on land given to the Adair family by King Charles I in 1626, with a right to hold two annual fairs and a Saturday market in perpetuity. Surrounding villages are Cullybackey , Ahoghill , Broughshane , and Kells-Connor . The recorded history of
768-567: The 2010s. Notable employers were Michelin in Broughshane, JTI Gallaher in Galgorm, and Wrightbus . In November 2012, the Patton Group, a major builder entered administration with the loss of 320 jobs. In October 2014, it was announced that JTI Gallagher's would be closing with a loss of 877 jobs. In November 2015, Michelin decided to close their Ballymena factory after 50 years, resulting in
816-631: The Adairs disposed of most of their Ballymena estate to the occupying tenants in 1904. The old market hall building, which also contained the post office and estate office, burned down in 1919. The new Ballymena Town Hall was officially opened by the Duke of Abercorn on 20 November 1928. The Urban District Council petitioned for borough status and the Charter was granted in December 1937. The first meeting of councillors as
864-459: The Ballymena area dates to the Early Christian period , from the fifth to the seventh centuries. Ringforts are found in the townland of Ballykeel, and a site known as Camphill Fort in the townland of Ballee may also have been of this type. There are a number of souterrains within a 1 + 1 ⁄ 4 miles (2.0 km) radius of the centre of Ballymena. Two miles (3.2 kilometres) north in
912-502: The Baptists, and in many cases Baptist associations were expelling persons connected with the Campbell movement. He was concerned that "Christian Baptist" – which he considered to be less appropriate than the biblical term "Disciples" – was becoming the de facto name of the group. He also wanted the new journal to have a more positive tone, promoting reform and preparing the world for
960-825: The Brush Run Church affiliated with a local Baptist association. After disagreements over some issues, they allied with the Mahoning Baptist Association. Campbell's only formal political service was as a delegate to the Virginia Constitutional Convention of 1829–1830 , held in Richmond . He met some of the leading politicians of the day and was invited to preach in several churches in the capital city. In 1840, Campbell founded Bethany College in Bethany, Virginia (now West Virginia ). He believed that
1008-451: The Campbells had been associating were becoming increasingly frustrated with Alexander's criticisms and had begun to evict individuals associated with Campbell's reform efforts . Campbell discontinued the Christian Baptist in 1830 and began publishing a new journal named the Millennial Harbinger . He was concerned that "Christian Baptist" - which he considered to be less appropriate than
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#17328560898131056-616: The Castle, which still exists. During the Irish Rebellion of 1641 , the local Ballymena garrison were defeated by Irish rebels in the battle of Bundooragh. Ballymena's first market hall was built in 1684. In 1710, during moving of the casements from the General Horde, it was found that several books belonging to the Duke of First Parish were left among the casements. These books were returned to
1104-618: The Regimental Depot, prior to being posted to the regular regimental battalions. Many of these young men were to serve in Korea, Cyprus and with the British Army of the Rhine. In 1968 due to a series of government austerity measures, the remaining three Irish regiments, Royal Inniskilling Fusiliers (27th) Royal Ulster Rifles (83rd & 86th) and the Royal Irish Fusiliers (89th) merged to become
1152-630: The Royal Irish Rangers. Early in the 1990s the Royal Irish Regiment , whose Regimental Headquarters was at St Patrick's Barracks, was granted the Freedom of the Borough. Like other towns in Northern Ireland, Ballymena was affected by the Troubles , a lengthy period of religious and partisan tensions and armed confrontations from the 1960s until 1998. A total of eleven people were killed in or near
1200-648: The age of 21, Alexander emigrated to the United States with his mother and siblings from Scotland, to join his father Thomas, who had emigrated there in 1807. They sailed from Scotland on the Latonia on 3 August 1809 and landed in New York City on 29 September, then traveled overland to Philadelphia. They continued to western Pennsylvania, where the senior Campbell was serving as a minister in Washington County on
1248-715: The army of Richard de Burgh , the Anglo-Norman Earl of Ulster . On 10 May 1607, during the Plantation of Ulster , King James I of England granted the native Irish chief, Ruairí Óg MacQuillan, the Ballymena Estate. The estate passed through several owners, eventually passing into the possession of William Adair, a Scottish laird from Kinhilt in southwestern Scotland. The estate was temporarily renamed "Kinhilstown" after Adair's lands in Scotland. The original castle of Ballymena
1296-427: The biblical term "Disciples" - was becoming the de facto name of the group. He also wanted the new journal to have a more positive tone, promoting reform and preparing the world for the second coming of Christ . The transition was not immediate, as he published both magazines during the first seven months of 1830. Alexander Campbell (clergyman) Alexander Campbell (12 September 1788 – 4 March 1866)
1344-544: The church in agreement with the terms set forth by the Duke. In 1690, during the Williamite-Jacobite War , Williamite general the Duke of Württemberg used Galgorm Castle as his headquarters. Sir Robert Adair raised a Regiment of Foot for King William III and fought at the Battle of the Boyne . By 1704, the population of Ballymena had reached 800. In 1707, the first Protestant ( Church of Ireland ) parish church
1392-566: The clergy should be college educated. Many future leaders of the Disciples of Christ and Churches of Christ graduated from the college, although some latter congregations did not attach the same value to theological study and professional clergy. Campbell visited the United Kingdom in 1847. During the trip he gave public lectures in England and Scotland. He went to Ireland to deliver funds that U.S. Restoration Movement churches had raised for relief in
1440-564: The end of Castle Street. At the end of the fifth century, a church was founded in Connor, five miles (8.0 kilometres) south of Ballymena. This was followed by a monastery at Templemoyle, Kells. In 831, Vikings invaded the area and burned the church. In the late 12th century, the Anglo-Normans invaded Ireland and conquered much of what is now eastern Ulster, creating the Earldom of Ulster . They built
1488-519: The flying of republican flags; the town has tried to reduce tensions. In 2011 it was revealed that Ballymena has the third-highest level of legal gun ownership in Northern Ireland. Ballymena competed for city status as part of the Platinum Jubilee Civic Honours . However, the bid was unsuccessful. Ballymena was traditionally a market town. The 1980s were a time of job losses in Ballymena as industry suffered and this reoccurred in
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1536-550: The frontier. Alexander was ordained by his father's Brush Run Church on 1 January 1812. The year before, Campbell had married Margaret Brown on 12 March 1811. Margaret's father John Brown owned a significant amount of land in the Bethany, Virginia, area (now in West Virginia ). The couple resided in what is now known as the Alexander Campbell Mansion near Bethany, and had eight children. Their first child,
1584-510: The loss of up to 850 jobs. On census day (21 March 2021) there were 31,205 people living in Ballymena. Of these: On census day (27 March 2011) there were 29,551 people living in Ballymena, accounting for 1.63% of the NI total, representing an increase of 2.9% on the 2001 census population of 28,717. Of these: There are a number of educational establishments in the town. These include: Ballymena railway station opened on 4 December 1855. A station
1632-597: The millennium and the second coming of Christ. Campbell wrote several books, including The Christian System . He also wrote hymns, including "Upon the Banks of Jordan Stood". Campbell compiled and published a translation of the New Testament under the title The Living Oracles . Published in 1826, it was based on an 1818 translation by George Campbell, James MacKnight and Philip Doddridge, and included edits and extensive notes by Campbell. His known works include: For
1680-525: The screening of Brokeback Mountain (2005), starring Jake Gyllenhaal and Heath Ledger , as it featured a homosexual relationship. An impersonator of comic Roy 'Chubby' Brown was also banned. The majority of the town's Catholic population is situated around the Broughshane and Cushendall Road areas. Recently there has been tension in the Dunclug area of the town which now has a Catholic majority. These tensions have been associated with internment bonfires and
1728-471: The town by the IRA and various loyalist groups. During the later half of the 20th century, Ballymena, like many other once prosperous industrial centres in Northern Ireland, experienced economic change and industrial restructuring; many of its former factories closed. Since the 2010s Ballymena has seen a decline in its retail and manufacturing sectors. Both Michelin and JTI have left the area. Local firm Wrightbus
1776-658: The town. Ian Paisley was eventually made a freeman of Ballymena in December 2004 instead. Ballymena is described by some observers as being at the heart of Northern Ireland's equivalent of the Bible Belt . It has a large Protestant majority. In the early 1990s the Democratic Unionist Party (DUP)-dominated town council banned a performance by the ELO Part II in the township, saying they would attract "the four Ds Drink, Drugs, Devil and Debauchery". The Council banned
1824-452: The townland of Kirkinriola, the medieval parish church and graveyard show signs of Early Christian settlement, including a souterrain. Also in 1868, a gravedigger found a large stone slab on which was carved a cross with the inscription ord do degen . This refers to Bishop Degen, who lived in Ireland during the seventh century. This stone is now in the porch of St Patrick's Church of Ireland , at
1872-582: Was about 4,000. In 1848 the Belfast and Ballymena Railway was established. In 1865 Robert Alexander Shafto Adair (late Baron Waveney ) started building Ballymena Castle, a magnificent family residence, in the Demesne. The castle was not completed until 1887. In 1870 The People's Park was established. In 1900, Ballymena assumed urban district status. Under the provisions of the Land Purchase (Ireland) Act 1903 ,
1920-404: Was an Ulster Scots immigrant who became an ordained minister in the United States and joined his father Thomas Campbell as a leader of a reform effort that is historically known as the Restoration Movement , and by some as the "Stone-Campbell Movement." It resulted in the development of non-denominational Christian churches, which stressed reliance on scripture and few essentials. Campbell
1968-473: Was born 12 September 1788 near Ballymena , in the parish of Broughshane , County Antrim , Ireland . His parents were Thomas Campbell and Jane Corneigle Campbell, who were of Scots descent. Like his father, he was educated at the University of Glasgow , where he was greatly influenced by Scottish Enlightenment philosophy. He was also influenced by the English philosopher John Locke . In 1809 at
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2016-501: Was built in the early 17th century, situated to take advantage of an ancient ford on the River Braid. In 1626 Charles I confirmed the grant of the Ballymena Estate to William Adair, giving him the right to hold a market at Ballymena every Saturday. He hired local Irish as workers on the estate; they served as tenant farmers for much of the next two centuries and more. Galgorm nearby was granted to Sir Faithful Fortescue . In 1618 he built
2064-419: Was built. In 1740, the original Ballymena Castle burned down. The Gracehill Moravian settlement was founded in 1765. During the 1798 rebellion , Ballymena was occupied from 7 to 9 June by a force of around 10,000 United Irishmen . They stormed the market hall, killing three of its defenders. The first modern Roman Catholic Church in Ballymena was consecrated in 1827. By 1834 the population of Ballymena
2112-556: Was influenced by similar efforts in Scotland, in particular, by James and Robert Haldane , who emphasized their interpretation of Christianity as found in the New Testament. In 1832, the group of reformers led by the Campbells merged with a similar movement that began under the leadership of Barton W. Stone in Kentucky. Their congregations identified as Disciples of Christ or Christian churches. Several church groups have some historical ties with Campbell's efforts. The three main groups are
2160-430: Was opened at Harryville on 24 August 1878, but closed on 3 June 1940. The Ballymena, Cushendall and Red Bay Railway operated narrow gauge railway services from Ballymena to Parkmore from 1875 to 1940. The Ballymena and Larne Railway was another narrow gauge railway. The line opened in 1878, but closed to passengers in 1933 and to goods traffic in 1940. Between 1878 and 1880 the line terminated at Harryville, but
2208-430: Was practiced on the American frontier. He encouraged contributions by writers who thought differently from him, and the journals encouraged a lively dialogue about issues in the reform movement. Campbell expanded his printing operation in 1830 for the Millennial Harbinger . The change from the Christian Baptist to the Harbinger was prompted by several concerns. Differences of opinion were arising between Campbell and
2256-537: Was then extended to the town's main railway station. Association football clubs in the area include Ballymena United F.C. , Coaching For Christ, Southside Rangers F.C. and Wakehurst F.C. Ballymena RFC is a local rugby union club. All Saints GAC is the only Gaelic Athletic Association club in the town. Other Ballymena sports clubs include Ballymena Cricket Club , Ballymena Lawn Tennis Club and Ballymena Bowling Club. Townlands are traditional land divisions used in Ireland. Ballymena covers all or part of
2304-407: Was ultimately tried, and the jury decided in his favor. While in his early 20s, Campbell wrote several moral essays under the pseudonym "Clarinda." and published them in a local paper. In 1820, his debate with the Presbyterian John Walker was published, reminding him of the efficacy of writing and publishing. He bought a press and built a small print shop in 1823, establishing what proved to be
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