58-423: Christchurch East , originally called Christchurch City East , is a current New Zealand parliamentary electorate . It was first created for the 1871 election and was abolished for two periods, from 1875–1905 and again from 1946–1996. It was last created for the introduction of the MMP voting system for the 1996 election . The current MP is Reuben Davidson , a member of
116-507: A Māori voice in Parliament. In 1967 the reserved status of the Māori seats was removed, allowing non-Māori to stand in the Māori electorates, thus removing any guarantee that Māori would be elected to Parliament. Until 1993 the number of Māori electorates was fixed at four, significantly under-representing Māori in Parliament. In 1975 the definition of who could opt to register on either the general or
174-418: A candidate elected from their party list. Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent. A [REDACTED] Y or [REDACTED] N denotes status of any incumbent , win or lose respectively. Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote. Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list. Yellow background denotes an electorate win by
232-494: A list member, or other incumbent. A [REDACTED] Y or [REDACTED] N denotes status of any incumbent , win or lose respectively. New Zealand electorates An electorate or electoral district ( Māori : rohe pōti ) is a geographic constituency used for electing a member ( MP ) to the New Zealand Parliament . The size of electorates is determined such that all electorates have approximately
290-496: A list member, or other incumbent. A [REDACTED] Y or [REDACTED] N denotes status of any incumbent , win or lose respectively. Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote. Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list. Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent. A [REDACTED] Y or [REDACTED] N denotes status of any incumbent , win or lose respectively. Blue background denotes
348-496: A list member, or other incumbent. A [REDACTED] Y or [REDACTED] N denotes status of any incumbent , win or lose respectively. Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote. Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list. Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent. A [REDACTED] Y or [REDACTED] N denotes status of any incumbent , win or lose respectively. The following table shows
406-507: A majority of over 17% of the votes. Davey planned to contest the 1914 election . The Liberal Government had by now been replaced by the Reform Government . At the opening meeting of his campaign, Davey refused to commit himself to a motion of no confidence against the government, which in turn resulted in the meeting refusing to give him a vote of confidence. A week later, he withdrew his nomination. This left three other candidates in
464-630: A representative of the City of Christchurch electorate for the Liberal Party since 1902 ), William Whitehouse Collins (who had previously been in Parliament for the Liberal Party), Henry Toogood (a young engineer who only recently left Canterbury College and who would become one of the founding members of the Institution of Professional Engineers New Zealand ), and Frederick Cooke (a prominent member of
522-462: A short time). Then, from 31 August 1854 to 2 September 1854, there was another four-person cabinet led by Thomas Forsaith , with James Macandrew , William Travers , and Jerningham Wakefield . Some historians consider FitzGerald and Forsaith to be New Zealand's first Prime Ministers, but neither held any formal leadership role and since "responsible government" had not yet been obtained, they had little real power. Henry Sewell , appointed shortly after
580-571: Is fixed at 16 as stipulated in the legislation. To achieve electorates of equal electoral population, the number of North Island electorates has gradually increased since the North Island experienced higher population growth than the South island. At the 1996 election, there were 44 North Island electorates. By the 2023 election, this had increased to 49 electorates. In October 2024, Statistics New Zealand announced that population changes necessitated reducing
638-426: The 1st Parliament ( 1853 –1855), and Andrew Duncan , who was Mayor of Christchurch in 1870. Wakefield won the election and represented the electorate until the end of the electoral term in 1875, when Christchurch City East was abolished, replaced by the three-member electorate City of Christchurch . Christchurch East was re-created for the 1905 election . The election was contested by Thomas Davey (who had been
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#1733106446537696-472: The 2014 election against National's sitting list MP Jo Hayes . Since Tim Armstrong's 1922 election win, the electorate (for as long as it has existed) has been held by Labour. Christchurch East has been represented by eight electorate MPs: Key Independent Liberal Labour National Members of Parliament elected from party lists in elections where that person also unsuccessfully contested
754-532: The 2nd New Zealand Parliament opened, is more often considered to have been the first Prime Minister. On 17 August 1854 when the newly convened House of Representatives met, Administrator of the Government (acting Governor ) Robert Wynyard was proposing to prorogue the General Assembly as he had not received authority from London. Sewell wanted to continue the debate and the suspension of standing orders
812-702: The Labour Party . The third candidate was W R Devereux, a land agent who stood for the Reform Party. Armstrong successfully contested the 1925 and 1928 elections against Denis Franklyn Dennehy; his challenger stood for the Liberal Party in 1925, and for its successor, the United Party , in 1928. Armstrong was challenged by George Frederick Allen of the United Party in 1931 , but Armstrong remained successful. Allen
870-579: The New Zealand Labour Party who was first elected in the 2023 New Zealand general election . The electorate is based on the eastern part of the City of Christchurch . When the electorate was first formed through the Representation Act 1870, the western boundary of the electorate was Colombo Street . Unlike today, the eastern boundary was away from the coast; rather, the Avon electorate covered
928-645: The Otago gold rush —goldminers did not usually meet the residency and property requirements in the electorate they were prospecting in, but were numerous enough to warrant political representation. Three goldminers' electorates existed, the first began in 1863 and both ended in 1870. Much more durable have been the Māori electorates , created in 1867 to give separate representation to Māori . Although originally intended to be temporary, they came to function as reserved positions for Māori until 1967, ensuring that there would always be
986-533: The Socialist Party ). Davey was successful. The 1908 election was contested by Davey (the incumbent), Charles Boxshall (who represented the opposition , which at that point had not formed into a political party), James McCombs (who was an Independent Liberal , i.e. he was not part of a formal party), and Frederick Cooke (who had also contested the previous election standing for the Socialist Party). Davey
1044-485: The South Island ) were not part of any electorate, and so were not represented. [REDACTED] There were few changes during the term of the 1st Parliament, with only three by-elections being held. There were six resignations and one death during 1855, and those seats remained vacant for the remainder of the term. Stuart-Wortley resigned on 18 July 1855. His seat remained vacant. Bartley resigned on 11 July 1854. He
1102-404: The original Labour Party ), and Frederick Cooke (who had also contested the two previous election standing for the Socialist Party). The first ballot was won by Thacker, with Davey beating Hunter by only four votes for second place. A second ballot was required, as Thacker had achieved 32.68% of the votes in the first ballot, far short of an absolute majority. The second ballot was won by Davey with
1160-780: The Avon River, before following the Avon through the Avon Heathcote Estuary and out to the Pacific Ocean. The following suburbs, in alphabetical order, are at least partially located in the electorate: Aranui , Avondale , Bexley , Bottle Lake , Bridgend , Brooklands , Burwood , Chaneys , Dallington , Kainga , Marshland , New Brighton , North New Brighton , Ouruhia , Parklands , Queenspark , Shirley , South New Brighton , Southshore , Spencerville , Stewarts Gully , Styx , Waimairi Beach , and Wainoni . Population loss after
1218-466: The Christchurch East electorate. Dalziel resigned before the official results were announced. The by-election was since held on 30 November 2013 in the electorate. This was won by Labour's Poto Williams in a convincing victory despite the view that significant population changes since the 2011 Christchurch earthquake made the allegiance to Labour less certain. Williams held Christchurch East in
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#17331064465371276-465: The Christchurch East electorate. Unless otherwise stated, all MPs' terms began and ended at general elections. Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote. Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list. Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent. A [REDACTED] Y or [REDACTED] N denotes status of any incumbent , win or lose respectively. Blue background denotes
1334-591: The Commission consists of: The Representation Commission reviews electorate boundaries after each New Zealand census , which normally occurs every five years. The Electoral Act 1993 stipulates that the South Island is to have 16 general electorates, and dividing the number of persons in the South Island's general electoral population by 16 determines the South Island Quota . This quota is then used to calculate
1392-433: The Māori roll was expanded to include all persons of Māori descent. Previously all persons of more than 50% Māori ancestry were on the Māori roll while persons of less than 50% Māori ancestry were required to enrol on the then European roll. Only persons presumed to have equal Māori and European ancestry (so-called half-castes) had a choice of roll. Since the introduction of MMP in 1996, the number of seats can change with
1450-549: The New Zealand Parliament is intended to have 120 members, some terms have exceeded this quantity. Overhang seats arise when a party win more seats via electorates than their proportion of the party vote entitles them to; other parties are still awarded the same number of seats that they are entitled to, which results in more than 120 seats in total. In 2005 and 2011 , 121 members were elected; 122 members were elected in 2008 . The Representation Commission determines
1508-462: The South Island ones. Electorates may vary by no more than 5% of the average electoral population size. This has caused the number of list seats in Parliament to decline as the population is experiencing "northern drift" (i.e. the population of the North Island, especially around Auckland , is growing faster than that of the South Island) due both to internal migration and to immigration. Although
1566-523: The authority for this coming from the New Zealand Constitution Act 1852 . After the initial election, there were eight redivisions carried out by members of the general assembly (as the lower house was known at the time). These revisions were a mixture of minor and major boundary adjustments. In 1887, the responsibility for reshaping electorates was given to a Representation Commission and that arrangement has remained to this day. Up until 1981,
1624-664: The boundaries of the Māori electorates were determined by the governor or governor-general, when that responsibility was also transferred to the Representation Commission. Elections for the House of Representatives in the 1850s modelled the electoral procedures used for the British House of Commons , which at that time featured both single-member electorates (electorates returning just one MP) and multi-member electorates (electorates returning more than one MP). Each electorate
1682-674: The coastal regions. The electorate is bounded in the east by the Pacific Ocean and in the north by the Waimakariri River . Since the 2008 election , the western and southern boundary followed Main North Road, Marshland Road, North Parade, Dudley Creek, the Avon River , Keyes Road and Pages Road, before cutting through the Bromley wastewater treatment plant to Cuthberts Road. The boundary then followed Cuthberts Road, Breezes Road and Bridge Street to
1740-535: The election: Henry Thacker (who had contested the previous election as an Independent Liberal, but with Davey's withdrawal contested as behalf of the Liberal Party), George Duncan Macfarlane (an auctioneer with no prior political experience who stood for the Reform Party ), and Hiram Hunter (who this time contested for the Social Democratic Party , which was the successor to the original Labour Party). Thacker
1798-439: The final results of the by-election: Notes: Blue background denotes the winner of the by-election. Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list prior to the by-election. Yellow background denotes the winner of the by-election, who was a list MP prior to the by-election. A [REDACTED] Y or [REDACTED] N denotes status of any incumbent , win or lose respectively. Blue background denotes
Christchurch East - Misplaced Pages Continue
1856-474: The general election , where her majority increased substantially (by over 17 percentage points). Christchurch East was abolished in 1946 and re-created in 1996 for the MMP -era. Larry Sutherland , who had previously represented Avon , won the 1996 election. Sutherland retired at the 1999 election and Lianne Dalziel was first elected. Dalziel had previously represented Christchurch Central ( 1990 –1996) and spent
1914-618: The map should read "Port Waikato".] Electorates in New Zealand have changed extensively since 1853, typically to meet changing population distributions. Boundaries were last changed in 2019 and 2020 for the 2020 election , with Clutha-Southland , Dunedin North , Dunedin South , Helensville , Hunua , Manukau East , Port Hills and Rodney being abolished and replaced either by new electorates, or by surrounding electoral districts. 1st New Zealand Parliament The 1st New Zealand Parliament
1972-544: The names of each electorate following the most recent census. An electorate may be named after a geographic region, landmark (e.g. a mountain) or main population area . The Commission adopts compass point names when there is not a more suitable name. The compass point reference usually follows the name of the main population centre, e.g. Hamilton East . Over the years, there have been two types of "special" electorates created for particular communities. The first were special goldminers' electorates , created for participants in
2030-421: The need for an additional seat was determined from the results of the most recent New Zealand census , with the seat coming out of the total number of list seats. The total number of list seats has thus declined from 55 to 48 since the introduction of mixed-member proportional voting in the 1996 general election . The Representation Commission has determined general electorate boundaries since 1881. These days,
2088-462: The next three years as a list MP. The Christchurch newspaper The Press reported on 20 April 2013 that Lianne Dalziel will challenge Bob Parker for the Christchurch mayoralty. Dalziel maintained that she was not yet committed to standing, and only formally confirmed on 19 June that she will contest the mayoralty. She confirmed that she will resign from Parliament, thus triggering a by-election in
2146-485: The number of Māori electorates and to determine the number of North Island electorates. The number of Māori electorates is influenced by the Māori Electoral Option where Māori voters can opt to be in either a Māori electorate or a general electorate. The percentage of Māori voters opting for the Māori roll determines the percentage of the whole Māori electoral population (of persons claiming Māori ancestry at
2204-404: The number of Māori voters who choose to go on the Māori roll rather than the general roll. In 1996, there were five Māori electorates. For the 1999 election, this increased to six electorates. Since the 2002 election, the number of Māori electorates has stayed constant at seven. This table shows the electorates as they were represented during the 54th New Zealand Parliament . [NB "Port Waitako" on
2262-522: The number of North Island general electorates by one, bringing the total number of North Island general electorates to 48. Because of the increasing North Island population, the Representation Commission awarded the North Island an additional electoral seat beginning in the 2008 general election . Another new North Island seat was added for the 2014 general election , and again for the 2020 general election (with one new electorate in Auckland). Each time,
2320-424: The number of the electoral population outside of cities and certain towns by some percentage. The quota was at first 33% (1881–1887), then briefly 18% (1887–1889), and 28% for the remaining period (1889–1945). For the 1905 election , the multi-member electorates were abolished. The country quota system persisted until 1945. Since the introduction of MMP for the 1996 election, the number of South Island electorates
2378-433: The number was increased from 71 to 72 starting at the 2020 general election . The Electoral Act 1993 refers to electorates as "electoral districts". Electorates are informally referred to as "seats" (Māori: tūru ), but technically the term seat refers to an elected member's place in Parliament. The electoral boundaries for the inaugural 1853 general election were drawn up by the governor , George Grey , with
Christchurch East - Misplaced Pages Continue
2436-625: The power to manage its own affairs), and so the 1st Parliament did not hold any significant power. The 1st Parliament was held before the creation of either political parties or the office of Premier . There were, however, appointments made to the Executive Council (the formal institution upon which Cabinet is based). From 14 June 1854 to 2 August 1854, there was a four-person cabinet, New Zealand's first ministry , led by James FitzGerald , with Henry Sewell , Frederick Weld , and Thomas Bartley (a fifth member, Dillon Bell , also joined for
2494-479: The previous census) which is then divided by the South Island Quota to calculate the number of Māori electorates. South Island Māori opting for the general roll are included in the electoral population on which the South Island Quota is established. The North Island electoral population (including Māori opting for the general roll) is divided into electorates, each of approximately the same electoral population as
2552-429: The quakes necessitated expansion of the electorate in the 2013/14 redistribution, with the electorate gaining Mairehau and Shirley from Christchurch Central , Bromley from Port Hills and the remainder of Marshland from Waimakariri . Slightly more of Bromley was added from Port Hills at the 2020 redistribution. Christchurch City East was first created for the 1871 election by the Representation Act 1870, which
2610-514: The same electoral population. Before 1996, all MPs were directly chosen for office by the voters of an electorate. In New Zealand's electoral system , 72 of the usually 120 seats in Parliament are filled by electorate members, with the remainder being filled from party lists in order to achieve proportional representation among parties. The 72 electorates are made up from 65 general and seven Māori electorates . The number of electorates increases periodically in line with national population growth;
2668-480: The winner of the electorate vote. Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list. Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent. A [REDACTED] Y or [REDACTED] N denotes status of any incumbent , win or lose respectively. Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote. Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list. Yellow background denotes an electorate win by
2726-480: The winner of the electorate vote. Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list. Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent. A [REDACTED] Y or [REDACTED] N denotes status of any incumbent , win or lose respectively. Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote. Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list. Yellow background denotes an electorate win by
2784-435: The winner of the electorate vote. Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list. Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent. A [REDACTED] Y or [REDACTED] N denotes status of any incumbent , win or lose respectively. Electorate (as at 26 November 2011): 39,708 Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote. Pink background denotes
2842-471: Was a term of the Parliament of New Zealand. It opened on 24 May 1854, following New Zealand's first general election (held the previous year). It was dissolved on 15 September 1855 in preparation for that year's election . 37 Members of the House of Representatives (MHRs) represented 24 electorates. The Parliament sat for three sessions: New Zealand had not yet obtained responsible government (that is,
2900-618: Was active in local affairs and was the headmaster of the Sumner District High School (1908–1933). Armstrong was challenged in 1935 by S W Richardson, who was the official candidate for the United–Reform Coalition in 1935. In 1938 , Armstrong was challenged by K I Armour of the National Party . Armstrong died in office on 8 November 1942 from heart disease. Armstrong's death triggered the 1943 by-election , which
2958-400: Was allocated a different number of MPs (up to three) in order to balance electoral population differences. All electorates used a plurality voting system . From 1881, a special country quota meant that rural seats could contain fewer people than urban seats, preserving improportionality by over-representing the rural electoral population (mostly made up by farmers). The country quota inflated
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#17331064465373016-576: Was held on 6 February. The by-election was contested by five candidates, including representatives from the Labour Party, the Labour breakaway party Democratic Labour Party and the National Party. The election was won by the Labour candidate, Mabel Howard , and started her long parliamentary career, which included her becoming the first female cabinet minister in 1947. Howard was confirmed later in 1943 in
3074-470: Was later found guilty of gross and premeditated contempt. There were moves to find the member from Dunedin James Macandrew guilty of contempt for entering the house with his hat on, but this was withdrawn. The 1st Parliament consisted of thirty-seven representatives representing twenty-four electorates. Two regions of the colony (the inland regions of the lower North Island and the northwest corner of
3132-405: Was moved. The minority "Wakefieldites" (followers of Edward Gibbon Wakefield ) opposed the move and tried to leave so that there would not be two-thirds of members present. This led to a violent turn when Sewell was reported to have pounced on the member for Nelson James Mackay and seized him by the throat. Suspension was moved an hour later when some members of the absent majority returned. Mackay
3190-451: Was passed to increase the number of general electorates to 74 from the 61 that were used at the 1866 election . The Representation Act 1870 also disestablished some multi-member electorates, and the three-member City of Christchurch electorate was split up, with one part of it forming the new Christchurch City East electorate. The first election was contested by Jerningham Wakefield , who had previously represented Christchurch Country in
3248-474: Was re-elected, with McCombs coming second. The Second Ballot Act 1908 provided for second or runoff ballots between the top two candidates where the top candidate did not get an absolute majority. As Davey had obtained 55.56% of the votes, a second ballot was not required in Christchurch East. The 1911 election was contested by Davey (the incumbent), Henry Thacker (a prominent medical doctor standing as an Independent Liberal ), Hiram Hunter (who stood for
3306-514: Was replaced by William Brown , who was elected on 4 August 1854. Kelham resigned on 3 August 1855. His seat remained vacant. Cutten resigned on 23 July 1855. His seat remained vacant. Ludlam resigned on 9 July 1855. His seat remained vacant. Cautley, MP for Waimea, and Travers, MP for Town of Nelson, both resigned on 26 May 1854. Travers subsequently contested the Waimea seat that Cautley had vacated, being elected on 21 June. Travers' own Nelson seat
3364-399: Was successful and succeeded Davey. The 1919 election was contested by Thacker (the incumbent, and since May of that year Mayor of Christchurch ) and Hiram Hunter (who this time contested for the Labour Party , which had been founded in 1916). Thacker served for two terms until 1922 and was Mayor of Christchurch until 1923. Thacker was defeated in the 1922 election by Tim Armstrong of
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