The Ervipiame were an Indigenous people of what is now northeastern Coahuila and southern Texas . They were a Coahuitecan people , who likely merged into the Tonkawa .
21-481: The Ervipiame were also known as the Chivipane, Cibipane, Hierbipiane, Huvipane, Hyerbipiame, Yerbipiame, Yrbipia, Herbipiames, Yurbipames, Hervipiames, Yerbiapames, Barbipianes, Berttipanes, Irripianes, and Jerbipiam. Beginning in the 16th century, Spanish settlement in what is today Northern Mexico and the accompanying diseases and slave raiding to supply ranches and mines with Indigenous labor had disruptive effects upon
42-1012: Is a Turkish breed of domesticated goat . It produces the lustrous fibre known as mohair . It is widespread in many countries of the world. Many breeds derive from it, among them the Indian Mohair , the Soviet Mohair , the Angora-Don of the Russian Federation and the Pygora in the United States. The origin of the Angora is not known. The earliest Western description may be that published in 1555 by Pierre Belon , who while travelling from Heraclea to Konya in southern Turkey had seen goats with snow-white "... wool so delicate that one would judge it finer than silk ...". Angora goats were depicted on
63-422: Is a moderately small goat, standing about 50 cm at the withers . It is slender, elegant and light-framed; the head is small, with semi-lop ears. It is usually horned; in billies the horns are commonly long, twisted and strong. With the exception of the face and legs, the animal is entirely covered in a coat of long ringlets of fine and lustrous mohair . This is not goat hair as seen on other breeds, but
84-669: The Balcones Canyonlands National Wildlife Refuge and Lost Maples State Natural Area . Another important area for wildlife is Fort Cavazos military base. Earliest human settlement of this area was by Native Americans . First it was used and wandered about by Jumano and Coahuiltecan groups, then the Apacheria extended into the Southern Plains by the forerunners of the Lipan and Mescalero Apaches . After
105-691: The Congress Avenue Bridge in Austin is the summer home for over half a million (they winter in Mexico) and is the largest bat colony anywhere in an urban area. The Edwards Plateau is home to at least 14 endemic freshwater fishes, including two subterranean species of catfish and 13 fish species considered to be spring-associated. Mechanisms for spring association of fishes is not fully understood, but thought to mediated by water temperature. The large numbers of reptiles and birds also include breeding populations of
126-651: The Llano Uplift and the Llano Estacado to the north; and the Pecos River and Chihuahuan Desert to the west. San Angelo , Austin , San Antonio and Del Rio roughly outline the area. The plateau, especially its southeast portion, is also known as the Texas Hill Country . The bedrock consists primarily of limestone , with elevations ranging between 100 and 3000 ft. Caves are numerous. The landscape of
147-519: The reverse of the Turkish 50 lira banknote from 1938 to 1952. In 1960 there were over 6 million Angora goats in Turkey; the population subsequently dropped sharply. In 2004 the total goat population of the country was approximately 7.2 million; of these, just over 5% were of Angora stock, while the remainder were hair goats. A conservation programme for the Angora was established in 2003. The Angora
168-637: The 1720s some of the Erviapame moved to Mission San Antonio de Valero . However they often only stayed there a short time and many of them were classed as "runaways" by the Spanish. Mariano Francisco de los Dolores y Viana starting before 1735 made annual trips to the Rancheria Grande and tried to get the Ervipiame and other groups there to move to the missions around San Antonio . Although many Ervipiame had fled
189-511: The Ervipiame moved to the mission. Throughout the 19th century, Ervipiame were seldom mentioned, and they likely merged into the Tonkawa people. Edwards Plateau The Edwards Plateau is a geographic region forming the crossroads of Central , South and West Texas , United States. It is named in honor of Haden Edwards . It is bounded by the Balcones Fault to the south and east;
210-499: The Ervipiame were one of several people that lived in the Rancheria Grande along the Brazos River in what is today eastern Texas. They lived there by the 1710s. By 1719 they were led by a man named El Cuilón who the Spanish tried to set up as the leader of the Rancheria Grande. In 1722 El Cuilón lead a group of Rancheria Grande residents, many of them Erviiapame, westward to settle at Mission San Francisco Xavier de Najera . Later in
231-617: The San Antonio missions they did see some advantages to the mission system and in 1745 sent a delegation along with the Yojuanes , Deadoses , and other residents of the Rancheria Grande to ask that a mission be built along the Brazos. In 1722, when the Spanish founded Mission San Francisco Xavier de Horcasitas on the San Gabriel River , the Ervipiame maintained a village nearby. In 1747 some of
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#1732858488776252-484: The Texan endemic golden-cheeked warbler ( Setophaga chrysoparia ). Much of the natural habitat of the plateau has been converted to residential development, especially around Austin and San Antonio in the eastern part of the plateau. Further alteration to the savanna has incurred though the encroachment of shrubs now that grassland fires are carefully controlled. Small areas of intact habitat remain in protected areas such as
273-631: The area has a moderate temperature and a reasonably long growing season. Trees of the savanna include Ashe junipers (locally called mountain cedar) and oak species, especially plateau live oak and Texas red oak , scattered over grasses such as little bluestem and sideoats grama , a vegetation type historically shaped by droughts and regular fires. Other abundant woody species include Texas mountain-laurel , Texas persimmon , cedar elm and agarito . Pecan trees are native in floodplains along springs and rivers, which are often lined with stands of baldcypress . The Balcones Fault zone which runs along
294-738: The counties is provided by Texas Parks and Wildlife Department for the Edwards Plateau Ecoregion. The ecoregion is somewhat larger than the geographic region, as the map from Texas Parks And Wildlife includes additional counties that are listed by the Texas Water Development Board, notably the isolated area of Edwards Plateau in Taylor, Runnels, and Nolan Counties that is separated from the main region. 30°18′N 99°36′W / 30.3°N 99.6°W / 30.3; -99.6 Angora goat The Angora or Ankara
315-410: The down or undercoat which, in this breed only, grows much longer than the outer hair coat. The face and coat are normally white, but – particularly in southern Turkey – black, brown and grey animals also occur. The goats are reared either for mohair or for their goat's meat . Mohair is not as fine as cashmere , but yields are much higher. Unlike cashmere, which is obtained by combing the coat of
336-812: The expulsion of the Apachean groups from the Plains by the Comanche , this area was dominated by the Penateka band of the Southern Comanche. According to the Texas Parks and Wildlife Department , all or portions of these 41 counties comprise the Edwards Plateau geographic region: The Texas Water Development Board, a state government agency, includes additional counties all or partly in the Edwards Plateau area: A map showing
357-463: The goat, mohair is obtained by shearing ; this is commonly done twice per year. In 2010 approximately half of all mohair production was in South Africa; Argentina and Lesotho were also major producers, followed by the United States, Turkey, Australia and New Zealand. In some other countries the Angora is reared for its meat, which is succulent and tender, and which in the early twentieth century
378-590: The inhabitants of the region The Ervipiame were first written about in 1673, when the Spanish encountered them in northeastern Coahuila. The Bosque-Larios expedition encountered them in 1675 in the Edwards Plateau of southern Texas. By the 17th century, Spanish colonists disrupted the lower Rio Grande Valley . In 1698, some Ervipiame joined Spanish missions in northern Coahuila. Some of them entered Mission San Juan Bautista and Mission San Francisco Vizzaron when these missions were founded about 1700. Later
399-427: The plateau is mostly savanna scattered with trees. It mostly lacks deep soil suitable for farming, though the soil type is fertile mollisol , so some cotton , grain sorghum , and oats are grown. For the most part, though, the thin soil and rough terrain areas are primarily grazing regions, with cattle, sheep, and goats ( Angora and meat types) predominant. Several rivers cross the region, which generally flow to
420-606: The south and east through the Texas Hill Country toward the Gulf of Mexico ; springs occur (in wet years), but permanent surface water supplies are sparse throughout the area, except for man-made reservoirs. The area is well drained; rainwater flows into the Edwards Aquifer recharge zone at the south of the plateau to feed rivers to the south. Rainfall varies from 15 to 33 inches per year, typically, from northwest to southeast, and
441-406: The southern and eastern edge of the plateau is an ecological demarcation for the ranges of a number of species. Caves of the Edwards Plateau are important habitats for wildlife and for many endemic species. The area is home to some of the largest colonies of bats in the world, including millions of Mexican free-tailed bats . The largest colony of these inhabits Bracken Cave near San Antonio, while
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