Misplaced Pages

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79-512: The Chinese Professional Football League was established in 1994. Under the direct supervision of the CFA's Professional League Committee, this nationwide league was divided into Divisions 1 and 2. Division 1 was subdivided into Divisions 1A and 1B, Jia A and Jia B, Jia being the Chinese word for top or first. Division 2 was and still is subdivided into regional divisions. Pre 1980, China National League clubs

158-455: A club record €13 million from Werder Bremen . The move was not a success and Liaoning Hongyun were relegated to the League One once again in the 2017 season , finishing in last place. Anthony Ujah was sold at a significant loss to Mainz 05 for €3.8 million. In the 2018 league season the club failed to gain promotion in their first attempt. Along with the loss of revenue from the top tier

237-443: A component—either a character or a sub-component called a radical —usually involves either a reduction in its total number of strokes , or an apparent streamlining of which strokes are chosen in what places—for example, the ⼓   ' WRAP ' radical used in the traditional character 沒 is simplified to ⼏   ' TABLE ' to form the simplified character 没 . By systematically simplifying radicals, large swaths of

316-434: A conversion table. While exercising such derivation, the following rules should be observed: Sample Derivations : The Series One List of Variant Characters reduces the number of total standard characters. First, amongst each set of variant characters sharing identical pronunciation and meaning, one character (usually the simplest in form) is elevated to the standard character set, and the rest are made obsolete. Then amongst

395-407: A few revised forms, and was implemented for official use by China's State Council on 5 June 2013. In Chinese, simplified characters are referred to by their official name 简化字 ; jiǎnhuàzì , or colloquially as 简体字 ; jiǎntǐzì . The latter term refers broadly to all character variants featuring simplifications of character form or structure, a practice which has always been present as

474-599: A newly coined phono-semantic compound : Removing radicals Only retaining single radicals Replacing with ancient forms or variants : Adopting ancient vulgar variants : Readopting abandoned phonetic-loan characters : Copying and modifying another traditional character : Based on 132 characters and 14 components listed in Chart 2 of the Complete List , the 1,753 derived characters found in Chart 3 can be created by systematically simplifying components using Chart 2 as

553-518: A part of the Chinese writing system. The official name tends to refer to the specific, systematic set published by the Chinese government, which includes not only simplifications of individual characters, but also a substantial reduction in the total number of characters through the merger of formerly distinct forms. According to Chinese palaeographer Qiu Xigui , the broadest trend in the evolution of Chinese characters over their history has been simplification, both in graphical shape ( 字形 ; zìxíng ),

632-474: A public apology to Qu and despite publicly believing that the compensation was especially high he decided to abnegate his right to ask for a retrial. The incident and subsequent trial would cause irrevocable damage to the club's season, which resulted in Zhang Yin leaving the team and eventually Wang Hongli returning to the club once again to steer the club to an eighth-place finish. The incident would coincide with

711-525: A range of minimum criteria to ensure professional management and administration, financial probity and a progressive youth development programme at every club. besides the regular professional league, CSL also has reserve league, U-19 League, U-17 League and U-15 League, also some cups for the young boys. the second division, Jia B, with the new name China League, also has a new system. The CSL and China League's goals are to promote high quality and high level competition; introduce advanced managerial concepts to

790-518: A semi-pro football championship in 1993, and finally, in 1994, first ever professional leagues in China football history started. and in 1995, Jia-B announced to be a pro-league, which is still the second level. Jia-A and Jia-B, was named as C-league to represent the professional stage. Compared to Jia A, the Chinese Super League is a lot more demanding on teams. The CFA and CSL committee has imposed

869-497: A serious car accident. It was discovered that Zhang was drink driving while taking some teammates and friends home, however while Zhang sustained minor injuries his teammate Qu Leheng sustained serious injuries, which resulted in Qu being left a paraplegic and consigned to a wheelchair for life. Qu would go on to successfully sue Zhang 2.34 million yuan (282,000 US dollars) for compensation on November 22, 2004. Zhang would also go on to make

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948-439: A team value of $ 67 million, and an estimated revenue of $ 14 million. On 23 May 2020, Liaoning Football Club was disqualified by Chinese Football Association (CFA) due to wage arrears. The football club can predate their formation to 1953 when the local Shenyang government sports body joined existing club Northeast China to play in the recently created Chinese national football league. In 1954, Guo Hongbin (郭鸿宾)

1027-440: Is actually more complex than eliminated ones. An example is the character 搾 which is eliminated in favor of the variant form 榨 . The 扌   'HAND' with three strokes on the left of the eliminated 搾 is now seen as more complex, appearing as the ⽊   'TREE' radical 木 , with four strokes, in the chosen variant 榨 . Not all characters standardised in the simplified set consist of fewer strokes. For instance,

1106-454: Is derived. Merging homophonous characters: Adapting cursive shapes ( 草書楷化 ): Replacing a component with a simple arbitrary symbol (such as 又 and 乂 ): Omitting entire components : Omitting components, then applying further alterations : Structural changes that preserve the basic shape Replacing the phonetic component of phono-semantic compounds : Replacing an uncommon phonetic component : Replacing entirely with

1185-809: Is now discouraged. A State Language Commission official cited "oversimplification" as the reason for restoring some characters. The language authority declared an open comment period until 31 August 2009, for feedback from the public. In 2013, the List of Commonly Used Standard Chinese Characters was published as a revision of the 1988 lists; it included a total of 8105 characters. It included 45 newly recognized standard characters that were previously considered variant forms, as well as official approval of 226 characters that had been simplified by analogy and had seen wide use but were not explicitly given in previous lists or documents. Singapore underwent three successive rounds of character simplification , eventually arriving at

1264-609: Is referred to as the " big seal script ". The traditional narrative, as also attested in the Shuowen Jiezi dictionary ( c.  100 AD ), is that the Qin small seal script that would later be imposed across China was originally derived from the Zhou big seal script with few modifications. However, the body of epigraphic evidence comparing the character forms used by scribes gives no indication of any real consolidation in character forms prior to

1343-540: Is used instead of 叠 in regions using traditional characters. The Chinese government stated that it wished to keep Chinese orthography stable. The Chart of Generally Utilized Characters of Modern Chinese was published in 1988 and included 7000 simplified and unsimplified characters. Of these, half were also included in the revised List of Commonly Used Characters in Modern Chinese , which specified 2500 common characters and 1000 less common characters. In 2009,

1422-465: The 1985–86 Asian Club Championship for the first time in their history and decided that it was important enough that they would not defend their league title and concentrate on the continental competition, however despite this commitment they still finished bottom within their group. The team still took part in the 1986 Chinese FA final and beat Beijing 1–0 in the final as the team's assistant Li Yingfa (李应发) led them to victory after Mi Jide had to leave

1501-420: The 1989–90 Asian Club Championship when they beat Nissan Yokohama in the final, making Liaoning FC the first Chinese club to win an Asian club championship trophy. Since February 26, 1994, the team was established as a full professional football club to play in the 1994 Chinese Jia-A League season, making them one of the founding members of the first fully professionalized top-tier league in China. The team

1580-656: The Chinese language , with the other being traditional characters . Their mass standardization during the 20th century was part of an initiative by the People's Republic of China (PRC) to promote literacy, and their use in ordinary circumstances on the mainland has been encouraged by the Chinese government since the 1950s. They are the official forms used in mainland China and Singapore , while traditional characters are officially used in Hong Kong , Macau , and Taiwan . Simplification of

1659-456: The "external appearances of individual graphs", and in graphical form ( 字体 ; 字體 ; zìtǐ ), "overall changes in the distinguishing features of graphic[al] shape and calligraphic style, [...] in most cases refer[ring] to rather obvious and rather substantial changes". The initiatives following the founding of the Qin dynasty (221–206 BC) to universalize the use of their small seal script across

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1738-476: The 1986 General List of Simplified Chinese Characters , hereafter the General List . All characters simplified this way are enumerated in Chart 1 and Chart 2 in the 1986 Complete List . Characters in both charts are structurally simplified based on similar set of principles. They are separated into two charts to clearly mark those in Chart 2 as 'usable as simplified character components', based on which Chart 3

1817-508: The 1986 mainland China revisions. Unlike in mainland China, Singapore parents have the option of registering their children's names in traditional characters. Malaysia also promulgated a set of simplified characters in 1981, though completely identical to the mainland Chinese set. They are used in Chinese-language schools. All characters simplified this way are enumerated in Charts 1 and 2 of

1896-568: The 2002 Chinese Golden boot award was then sold to Shandong Luneng Taishan for a Chinese record 4,900,000 Yuan. By March 7, 2006, the club would admit that they were in debt and were looking to sell the club. On August 4, 2006, Liaoning Sport Technology College officially became the club's major shareholder. On August 20, 2006, the Hongyun Group also became a majority shareholder within the team and eventually brought in Wang Yi (王毅) to be appointed as

1975-475: The Army team Beijing Snowflakes - Name Changed to Beijing Guoan in 1992 and became pro-clubs Guangzhou Baiyunshan - Now Guangzhou Yiyao , became professional club in 1992 Hubei Energy - Now Wuhan Guanggu , became professional club in 1994 In the early 1990s, CFA allows enterprises to purchase football clubs and manage them, whether they are state-owned enterprises or private-owned companies, Dalian Hualu -

2054-569: The Chinese FA, however several players immediately wrote to the FA to claim that the financial statements handed in by the club were fraudulent and they had still not been paid. The club were once again given an extension by the FA, but had to settle all wages owed before being granted registration to play in the league. In light of this the clubs debt was discovered to be 376,140,492.50 Yuan (€48,373,237.76) as of 19 May 2019 while their operating costs throughout

2133-470: The Chinese government published a major revision to the list which included a total of 8300 characters. No new simplifications were introduced. In addition, slight modifications to the orthography of 44 characters to fit traditional calligraphic rules were initially proposed, but were not implemented due to negative public response. Also, the practice of unrestricted simplification of rare and archaic characters by analogy using simplified radicals or components

2212-879: The National League Division 1 was divided into two levels- Jia-A (8 teams) and Jia-B (12 teams), CFA never admit there was a semi-pro league before 1993, because of the restrict by some laws, the enterprises could only cooperate with the government in club managements. so actually we could consider it as an enterprise league though not so accurate to describe the league. the 8 Jia-A teams in 1987 are: Liaoning Dongyao - Now Liaoning FC , became professional team in 1988 Tianjing Seagull - Now Tianjin Teda , became pro club in 1995 Shanghai Shenzhou - Name changed to Shanghai Shenhua in 1991 and became pro club in 1993, now Shanghai Shenhua United FC Shandong - Now Shandong Luneng Taishan , became pro-club in 1993 August first -

2291-502: The National League in 1981, and in 1983, became Dalian FC, the current Dalian Shide. In the mid-1980s, the CFA encourage factories and companies to sponsor government-owned clubs. In 1984, Guangdong, Beijing, Guangzhou and Tianjin teams were sponsored by big companies for the first time. CCTV started to show domestic league matches to the whole country. According to some articles, the match between Beijing Snowflakes and Guangdong Wanbao

2370-428: The character set are altered. Some simplifications were based on popular cursive forms that embody graphic or phonetic simplifications of the traditional forms. In addition, variant characters with identical pronunciation and meaning were reduced to a single standardized character, usually the simplest among all variants in form. Finally, many characters were left untouched by simplification and are thus identical between

2449-407: The chosen variants, those that appear in the "Complete List of Simplified Characters" are also simplified in character structure accordingly. Some examples follow: Sample reduction of equivalent variants : Ancient variants with simple structure are preferred : Simpler vulgar forms are also chosen : The chosen variant was already simplified in Chart 1 : In some instances, the chosen variant

Chinese Jia-A League - Misplaced Pages Continue

2528-559: The club and team since Liaoning became a fully professional club back on February 26, 1994. All-time honours list including semi-professional period and one 1954 Chinese National League championship as part of North East China team. League Cup As of the end of 2018 season. All-time League rankings No league games in 1959, 1966–72, 1975; Did not participate in 1986 league; Key Simplified Chinese characters Simplified Chinese characters are one of two standardized character sets widely used to write

2607-414: The club hired former Chinese national team manager Su Yongshun in the hopes of an immediate promotion. Su Yongshun would not be the person to achieve this as the club finished fourth within the division. This saw many of the investors pull-out from the club, which resulted in the team in a tight financial situation, which was only relieved when chairman and investor Cao Guojun assigned three million Yuan to

2686-518: The club would admit that they were in financial difficulties and were paying the teams wages late at the start of the 2019 league season . At the beginning of the 2020 league season the club were once again late in paying their player wages and had to receive an extension from the Chinese Football Association to grant them their registration for the new season. On 24 February 2020 the club finally handed in their financial statements to

2765-526: The club's Chairman in April 2007. One of his first assignments was having to disband the club's youth team called Liaoning Guangyuan after their time as a satellite team in Singapore's S.League saw them embroiled in a match fixing scandal. In the 2008 league season the club would go on to be relegated, however in the 2009 league season they would go on to win the second division and immediately win promotion back to

2844-447: The clubs share the same Shenyang People's Stadium in the 1994 league season but this rivalry also ended when Shenyang left the province and moved to Changsha . The Liaoning Derby has been continued with Dalian Aerbin and on 26 October 2014 it saw Liaoning FC beat Dalian Aerbin, 2–1, in a vital league game that helped relegate Dalian Aerbin to the second tier at the end of the 2014 Chinese Super League season. Managers who have coached

2923-465: The country's writing system as a serious impediment to its modernization. In 1916, a multi-part English-language article entitled "The Problem of the Chinese Language" co-authored by the Chinese linguist Yuen Ren Chao (1892–1982) and poet Hu Shih (1891–1962) has been identified as a turning point in the history of the Chinese script—as it was one of the first clear calls for China to move away from

3002-472: The early 20th century. In 1909, the educator and linguist Lufei Kui formally proposed the use of simplified characters in education for the first time. Over the following years—marked by the 1911 Xinhai Revolution that toppled the Qing dynasty , followed by growing social and political discontent that further erupted into the 1919 May Fourth Movement —many anti-imperialist intellectuals throughout China began to see

3081-609: The first ever Chinese club to gain any form of sponsorship when the Pharmaceutical Enterprise Group sponsored them within that season. Liaoning's transition toward full professionalism was difficult compared to their peers and the developments of their rivals saw them achieve only one victory in their first four games, which resulted in Yang Yumin resigning from his post as manager. The club's struggles would continue on October 23, 1994, when their first major signing within

3160-616: The first official list of simplified forms was published, consisting of 324 characters collated by Peking University professor Qian Xuantong . However, fierce opposition within the KMT resulted in the list being rescinded in 1936. Work throughout the 1950s resulted in the 1956 promulgation of the Chinese Character Simplification Scheme , a draft of 515 simplified characters and 54 simplified components, whose simplifications would be present in most compound characters. Over

3239-463: The first round—but was massively unpopular and never saw consistent use. The second round of simplifications was ultimately retracted officially in 1986, well after they had largely ceased to be used due to their unpopularity and the confusion they caused. In August 2009, China began collecting public comments for a revised list of simplified characters; the resulting List of Commonly Used Standard Chinese Characters lists 8,105 characters, including

Chinese Jia-A League - Misplaced Pages Continue

3318-484: The first time in their history to the second tier. Within the campaign the influential Chinese Football Association Footballer of the Year winner Li Bing was sold for a then Chinese record fee of 640,000 Yuan to Guangdong Winnerway and the club's results suffered due to his absence. On June 14, 1995, the club's manager Wang Hongli was replaced by the former Liaoning player Li Shubin in his first Head coach position, however he

3397-465: The following decade, the Script Reform Committee deliberated on characters in the 1956 scheme, collecting public input regarding the recognizability of variants, and often approving forms in small batches. Parallel to simplification, there were also initiatives aimed at eliminating the use of characters entirely and replacing them with pinyin as an official Chinese alphabet, but this possibility

3476-451: The former Dalian Dockyard, was bought by a private-owned company, Name changed to Dalian Wanda and became a professional club in 1993. In 1992, CFA made an important decision - The China professional league will start in 1994, they order all the Jia-A clubs set up professional system before 1994, and for Jia-B clubs, they must realize professional structural reform before 1995. after that CFA hold

3555-455: The founding of the Qin. The Han dynasty (202 BC – 220 AD) that inherited the Qin administration coincided with the perfection of clerical script through the process of libian . Eastward spread of Western learning Though most closely associated with the People's Republic, the idea of a mass simplification of character forms first gained traction in China during

3634-466: The increased usage of 朙 was followed by proliferation of a third variant: 眀 , with 目 'eye' on the left—likely derived as a contraction of 朙 . Ultimately, 明 became the character's standard form. The Book of Han (111 AD) describes an earlier attempt made by King Xuan of Zhou ( d.  782 BC ) to unify character forms across the states of ancient China , with his chief chronicler having "[written] fifteen chapters describing" what

3713-490: The league title and once again reached the Asian Club Championship final where this time they faced Iranian team Esteghlal Tehran but lost the game 2–1. After that defeat Liaoning struggled to compete in the following 1991 Asian Club Championship and were knocked out early within that competition, however when they returned to their league they went on to retain the 1991 league title and Li Yingfa decided to leave

3792-459: The left, with the 月 'Moon' component on the right. Li Si ( d.  208 BC ), the Chancellor of Qin, attempted to universalize the Qin small seal script across China following the wars that had politically unified the country for the first time. Li prescribed the 朙 form of the word for 'bright', but some scribes ignored this and continued to write the character as 明 . However,

3871-413: The majority of the players who were essential within those ten seasons such as Ma Lin , Tang Yaodong , Zhao Faqing , Gao Sheng , Dong Liqiang , Wang Jun , Fu Yubin and Li Bing would all either retire or soon leave the club, ending the club's dominance within Chinese football. On February 26, 1994, Liaoning was re-established as a professional unit as a result of the Chinese football reform, which

3950-537: The market; enforce the delivery of minimum standards of professionalism; encourage the influx of more higher quality foreign coaches and players; and gradually establish the European system for player registrations and transfers. ^1 Shanghai Shenhua were stripped of the title on 19 February 2013 for the match-fixing scandal in this season. This table lists average attendances of Jia-A League clubs during 1994-2003 yearly, but only for seasons when that club played in

4029-402: The most prominent Chinese authors of the 20th century, stated that "if Chinese characters are not destroyed, then China will die" ( 漢字不滅，中國必亡 ). During the 1930s and 1940s, discussions regarding simplification took place within the ruling Kuomintang (KMT) party. Many members of the Chinese intelligentsia maintained that simplification would increase literacy rates throughout the country. In 1935,

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4108-524: The professional era Jiang Feng was caught stamping on Shanghai Shenhua player Wu Chengying in a league game that saw him banned by the CFA for the rest of the season. At the end of the season they finished the league in fourth and for the first time in ten seasons they were unable to achieve any silverware. In the 1995 Chinese league season Liaoning's reign as China's dominant football club officially came to end when they were defeated by Guangzhou Apollo 2–1 on November 12, 1995, and were relegated for

4187-430: The public and quickly fell out of official use. It was ultimately formally rescinded in 1986. The second-round simplifications were unpopular in large part because most of the forms were completely new, in contrast to the familiar variants comprising the majority of the first round. With the rescission of the second round, work toward further character simplification largely came to an end. In 1986, authorities retracted

4266-465: The recently conquered parts of the empire is generally seen as being the first real attempt at script reform in Chinese history. Before the 20th century, variation in character shape on the part of scribes, which would continue with the later invention of woodblock printing , was ubiquitous. For example, prior to the Qin dynasty (221–206 BC) the character meaning 'bright' was written as either 明 or 朙 —with either 日 'Sun' or 囧 'window' on

4345-476: The same set of simplified characters as mainland China. The first round was promulgated by the Ministry of Education in 1969, consisting of 498 simplified characters derived from 502 traditional characters. A second round of 2287 simplified characters was promulgated in 1974. The second set contained 49 differences from the mainland China system; these were removed in the final round in 1976. In 1993, Singapore adopted

4424-409: The season were 100 million Yuan and they were actively looking for investors, especially the local Shenyang City government or face bankruptcy. On 23 May 2020, Liaoning Football Club was disqualified by CFA due to wage arrears. The club have historically had two main rivalries, which were with Dalian Football Club and Shenyang . Geographically they all shared the same province of Liaoning, while

4503-461: The second round completely, though they had been largely fallen out of use within a year of their initial introduction. That year, the authorities also promulgated a final version of the General List of Simplified Chinese Characters . It was identical to the 1964 list save for 6 changes—including the restoration of 3 characters that had been simplified in the first round: 叠 , 覆 , 像 ; the form 疊

4582-642: The sell off of the club with the Liaoning Youth team sold for 28,000,000 RMB to the Hongyun Group and Huludao Jiuxing Ltd on December 26, 2001, to form Liaoning Xingguang . This was followed by a relocation to the Olympic Sports Centre in Beijing at the start of the 2002 league season on financial grounds, however the club returned to their hometown the following campaign. The striker Li Jinyu, winner of

4661-512: The senior team. His faith within his young players would be extremely successful and Liaoning became genuine title contenders and came runners-up to Shandong Luneng Taishan by a single point. Initially the team hoped they could build upon their runners-up spot by winning the league's opening showpiece event the Chinese FA Super Cup , however this would be dashed on April 26, 2000, when teammates Zhang Yuning and Qu Leheng were involved in

4740-418: The spine of the team that re-entered the national league and they would progress to see Liaoning win the 1978 league title. After that achievement Gu Mingchang was unable to replicate the same success despite coming runners-up twice under his reign before he left in 1980. In 1984, Mi Jide (倪继德) was appointed as the new manager of the team and his introduction signified immense changes within the club. The first

4819-514: The team and later bring in new investors into the club. Former manager Wang Hongli was eventually brought back into the team while emerging strikers Qu Shengqing and Zhang Yuning were able to fire Liaoning back into the top tier at the end of the 1998 league season. In the 1999 league season former Liaoning youth team coach Zhang Yin was already appointed as the club's manager and under his reign he continued to promote youth players such as Li Jinyu , Li Tie , Wang Liang and Zhao Junzhe into

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4898-616: The team due to being diagnosed with stomach cancer. After that victory Li Yingfa was permanently promoted to the Head coach position and built upon the foundations laid by Mi Jide by winning successive league titles in the 1987 and 1988 competitions. After dominating the Chinese league the team would turn their attentions to the premier Asian competition and won the 1989–90 Asian Club Championship by beating Nissan Yokohama 3–2 on aggregate to claim their first and China's first continental competition. The following campaign Liaoning went on to reclaimed

4977-401: The team. Yang Yumin (杨玉敏) was brought in at the start of the 1992 championship and continued the work of his predecessor and deliver another league title at the end of the season. The 1993 league title would end in dramatic fashion when goal-difference saw Liaoning beat Guangdong Hongyuan to the championship and see the club win its tenth major trophy in ten seasons, however after the campaign

5056-548: The tie played between them was subsequently called the Liaoning Derby (辽宁德比). The more high-profile tie would have been the Liaoning FC and Dalian match because each team could boast successful periods within their histories; however, a direct championship rivalry between them never materialized and on 30 November 2012, Dalian were acquired by Dalian Aerbin that effectively ended that rivalry. The Liaoning FC and Shenyang tie saw

5135-473: The title on several occasions under Guo Hongbin when football was halted because of the cultural revolution he left the team. When football returned to the country the club hired Gu Mingchang in 1975 and took part in the multi-sport event 1975 Chinese National Games , which Gu Mingchang won in his debut season. From that tournament youngsters Chi Shangbin , Lin Lefeng , Zhang Yiming and Li Shubin would build

5214-507: The top division. Club names are as of 2003 season. The official Chinese Jia-A League annual awards are given to players, managers and referees based on their performance during the season. Liaoning FC Liaoning Football Club ( simplified Chinese : 辽宁足球俱乐部 ; traditional Chinese : 遼寧足球俱樂部 ; pinyin : Liáoníng Zúqiú Jùlèbù ), officially known as Liaoning Hongyun ( simplified Chinese : 辽宁宏运 ; traditional Chinese : 遼寧宏運 ; pinyin : Liáoníng Hóngyùn ),

5293-462: The top tier. The club would re-establish themselves back in the top flight and even came third within the 2011 league season, which saw them qualify for Asia's top competition for the first time in 17 years. The club would decide not to participate within the 2012 AFC Champions League after it required them to play a qualification game to enter the tournament proper. On 5 July 2016 the club signed Nigerian international footballer Anthony Ujah for

5372-488: The traditional and simplified Chinese orthographies. The Chinese government has never officially announced the completion of the simplification process after the bulk of characters were introduced by the 1960s. In the wake of the Cultural Revolution , a second round of simplified characters was promulgated in 1977—largely composed of entirely new variants intended to artificially lower the stroke count, in contrast to

5451-817: The traditional character 強 , with 11 strokes is standardised as 强 , with 12 strokes, which is a variant character. Such characters do not constitute simplified characters. The new standardized character forms shown in the Characters for Publishing and revised through the Common Modern Characters list tend to adopt vulgar variant character forms. Since the new forms take vulgar variants, many characters now appear slightly simpler compared to old forms, and as such are often mistaken as structurally simplified characters. Some examples follow: The traditional component 釆 becomes 米 : The traditional component 囚 becomes 日 : The traditional "Break" stroke becomes

5530-516: The use of characters entirely. Instead, Chao proposed that the language be written with an alphabet, which he saw as more logical and efficient. The alphabetization and simplification campaigns would exist alongside one another among the Republican intelligentsia for the next several decades. Recent commentators have echoed some contemporary claims that Chinese characters were blamed for the economic problems in China during that time. Lu Xun , one of

5609-452: Was a professional association football club with a long history in Chinese football. The club can predate their formation to 1953, when Shenyang government sports body joined existing club Northeast China to play in the Chinese national football league. By 1956, the league was gradually expanded and regional sports institutes' own representatives were allowed, which eventually formed Liaoning Football Club. The club won several titles as well as

5688-508: Was a turning point for football fan participation. In 1988, Liaoning became China's first professional club, soon becoming one of Asia's best club. Liaoning was the 1990 ACC Champions, 1991 runner-up, and 1987 third place team. In 1986, CFA tried to find a way to found a semi-pro league, that season National League division 1 signed its first sponsor contract, Goldlion became first main sponsor of China football league.gradually more and more fans bought tickets to watch football leagues. In 1987

5767-461: Was abandoned, confirmed by a speech given by Zhou Enlai in 1958. In 1965, the PRC published the List of Commonly Used Characters for Printing  [ zh ] (hereafter Characters for Printing ), which included standard printed forms for 6196 characters, including all of the forms from the 1956 scheme. A second round of simplified characters was promulgated in 1977, but was poorly received by

5846-613: Was appointed as their Head coach and as part of the Northeast China team he would achieve immediate success by winning the league title. The club would continue to be a regular competitor within the football league until 1956 when the team would split after the league allowed regional sports institutes their own representatives. The Shenyang sports body would take over the team and rename themselves Shenyang Sports Institute until 1959 when they named themselves Liaoning Football Team after their own province. While they came close to winning

5925-711: Was based in Shenyang , Liaoning Province and their home stadium was the Tiexi New District Sports Center that has a seating capacity of 30,000. Their majority shareholders were the Liaoning Sport Technology College and the Huludao Hongyun Group Co., Ltd, which was part of the real estate and financial conglomerate the Hongyun Group . According to Forbes, Liaoning were the 10th most valuable football team in China in 2015, with

6004-554: Was owned by their respective local physical culture and sports committees, sports institutes, and army sports units. Factory-owned clubs were not allowed to participate in national leagues. Dalian Dockyard, founded in 1946, was a factory-owned club, and as such could only participate in regional tournaments and national workers championship matches. In 1980,the Chinese Football Association (CFA) started to allow factory clubs to play in national leagues. Dalian Dockyard entered

6083-417: Was the Chinese Football Association looking to professionalize the whole of the Chinese football league. The club would take part in the 1994 Chinese Jia-A League season, making them a founding member of the first fully professional top-tier league in China. While private businesses were allowed to own or sponsor football clubs for the first time Liaoning had already spearheaded the reform in 1988 when they were

6162-437: Was the inclusion of the Liaoning Youth team now competing within the Chinese football pyramid as well as the organization of semi-professionalism already established 1982. Under his reign he utilized these factors to make Liaoning the dominant team within the football league. His first success came when he won the 1984 Chinese FA Cup , which was then used as a springboard to win the 1985 league title. The club would participate in

6241-514: Was unable to make a difference and was relieved of his duties at the end of the season. In the wake of the disappointment private investor Cao Guojun (曹国俊), Liaoning Sport Technology College , Beijing Jiahua Group , China Northern Airlines and members from the Dalian Development Area as well as several others increased their investment of the club on December 29, 1995, to make Liaoning China's first joint-stock club. With this investment

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