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50-547: Chesebrough today is part of the British consumer products company Unilever , which acquired Chesebrough and Pond's (the two of which merged in 1955) in 1986. In 1870, Robert Chesebrough began selling a product derived from petroleum residue, the "Vaseline Petroleum Jelly". Chesebrough's first manufacturing plant for vaseline was in Perth Amboy, New Jersey . In 1881, Chesebrough Manufacturing began operating under Standard Oil . With

100-522: A colour cosmetics brand. In July, the company then announced that it had acquired the organic herbal tea business, Pukka Herbs. In September 2017, Unilever acquired Weis , an Australian ice cream business. Later that month Unilever acquired Remgro's interest in Unilever South Africa in exchange for the Unilever South Africa spreads business plus cash consideration. Even later that month, Unilever agreed to acquire Carver Korea, with 2.7billion USD,

150-468: A hair care products business. In 2017, significantly smaller Kraft Heinz made a $ 143 billion bid for Unilever. The deal was declined by Unilever. On 20 April 2017, Unilever acquired Sir Kensington's, a New York–based condiment maker. On 15 May 2017, the company acquired the personal care and home care brands of Quala, a Latin American consumer goods company. In June, the company acquired Hourglass,

200-502: A holding company Unilever PLC and N.V. with Anglo-Dutch structure, which has its registered office at Port Sunlight in Merseyside, United Kingdom and its head office at Unilever House in London, United Kingdom. The company has been restructured several times, for example in 2018 and 2020 (see "history"). In 2018, Unilever announced its intention to simplify this structure by centralising

250-457: A maker of products made of oils and fats, and expanded its operations worldwide. It has made numerous corporate acquisitions, including Lipton (1971), Brooke Bond (1984), Pond's (1987), Hellmann's (2000), Ben & Jerry's (2000), SlimFast (2000), Knorr (2000), Alberto-Culver (2010), Dollar Shave Club (2016), and Pukka Herbs (2017). Unilever divested its speciality chemicals businesses to Imperial Chemical Industries in 1997. In

300-587: A merger of UAC Ghana Limited and Lever Brothers Ghana Limited. In 1993, Unilever acquired Breyers from Kraft , which made the company the largest ice cream manufacturer in the United States. In the same year, it acquired the Isaly Klondike Company, makers of Klondike bar , and Popsicle Industries . In 1996, Unilever merged Elida Gibbs and Lever Brothers in its UK operations. It also purchased Helene Curtis , significantly expanding its presence in

350-624: A merger of the operations of Dutch Margarine Unie and British soapmaker Lever Brothers , with the name of the resulting company a portmanteau of the name of both companies. In the 1930s, the business grew, and new ventures were launched in Africa and Latin America. During this time, Unilever acquired the United Africa Company , created from a merger of the African & Eastern Trade Corporation and

400-758: A new stand-alone beauty business, Elida Beauty, which will own and manage the following brands: Brut, Brylcreem, Timotei, Q-tips, Noxema, TIGI, VO5, Toni & Guy, Matey, Moussel, Monsavon, Impulse, St Ives, Alberto Balsam, Badedas, Fissan, Pento, Pond's, Careess, Lever 2000, Williams, Elida, and Alberto. In August 2021, Florida governor Ron DeSantis placed Unilever on a list of "Scrutinized Companies that Boycott Israel" because it had "no current plan to prevent Ben & Jerry's from terminating business activities in Israeli-controlled territories". The ice-cream brand has 90 days to stop engaging in "the BDS movement ", or

450-646: A productive record of earnings and dividend disbursements, even after the onset of the Great Depression . Earnings increased from $ 8.36 per share in 1925 to $ 13.22 during 1929. As of December 31, 1940, the Chesebrough Manufacturing Company had total assets of $ 4,267,940 and liabilities of $ 603,643. In 1940, damage to its London plant from a World War II air raid totaled $ 50,000. Chesebrough and Pond's merged in June 1955 and, in 1987, Chesebrough-Ponds

500-612: A result, Unilever began to operate a "hands-off" policy towards the subsidiaries and left American management to its own devices. Sunsilk was first launched in the United Kingdom in 1954. Dove was first launched in the US in 1957. Unilever took full ownership of Frosted Foods in 1957, which it renamed Birds Eye . The US-based Good Humor ice cream business was acquired in 1961. By the mid-1960s, laundry soap and edible fats still contributed around half of Unilever's corporate profits. However,

550-693: A skincare business brand of AHC in North Asia. In October 2017, Unilever acquired Brazilian natural and organic food business Mãe Terra. In November, Unilever announced an agreement to acquire the Tazo speciality tea brand from Starbucks . Later in November 2017, the company acquired Sundial Brands, a skincare company. In December 2017, Unilever acquired Schmidt's Naturals , a US natural deodorant and soap company. In December 2017, Unilever sold its margarine and spreads division to investment firm KKR for €6.8bn. The sale

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600-481: A stagnant market for yellow fats (butter, margarine, and similar products) and increasing competition in detergents and soaps from Procter & Gamble forced Unilever to diversify. In 1971, Unilever acquired the British-based Lipton Ltd from Allied Suppliers . In 1978, National Starch was acquired for $ 487 million, marking the largest ever foreign-acquisition of a US company at that point. By

650-506: Is a stock market index composed of Dutch companies that trade on Euronext Amsterdam , formerly known as the Amsterdam Stock Exchange . Started in 1983, the index is composed of a maximum of 25 of the most frequently traded securities on the exchange. It is one of the main national indices of the stock exchange group Euronext alongside Euronext Brussels ' BEL20 , Euronext Dublin 's ISEQ 20 , Euronext Lisbon 's PSI-20 ,

700-497: Is executive director. Jope will be proposed as joint executive director at Unilever's 2019 AGM. Previously, Paul Polman was CEO for ten years, succeeding Patrick Cescau in 2009. In November 2019, Unilever announced that Nils Andersen would be replacing Chairman Marijn Dekkers, who stepped down after three years in the role. In January 2023, it announced Hein Schumacher as its new CEO, effective July 2023. The three markets of

750-510: Is headquartered in London , England . The company's products include baby food, beauty products, bottled water, breakfast cereals, cleaning agents, condiments , dairy products , energy drinks, healthcare and hygiene products, ice cream , instant coffee , instant noodles , pet food, pharmaceuticals, soft drinks, tea, and toothpaste. It is the largest producer of soap in the world, and its products are available in over 190 countries. The company

800-489: Is now made up of 25 distinct symbols, each icon representing one of the company's sub-brands or its corporate values. The brand identity was developed around the idea of "adding vitality to life". Unilever's largest brands include Dove , Knorr , Axe (Lynx) , Ben & Jerry's , Hellmann's , Lifebuoy , Lux , Magnum , Omo (Persil) , Rexona , Sunlight , Sunsilk , and Wall's (Heartbrand) . AEX index The AEX index , derived from Amsterdam Exchange index ,

850-503: Is organised into five business groups: Beauty & Wellbeing, Personal Care, Home Care, Nutrition, and Ice Cream. It has research and development facilities in China, India, the Netherlands, Pakistan, the United Kingdom, and the United States. In the 1930s, Unilever acquired the United Africa Company . During the second half of the 20th century, the company increasingly diversified from being

900-644: The Birds Eye brand in the UK) and Batchelors Peas , one of the largest vegetables canners in the United Kingdom. In 1944, Pepsodent was acquired. In 1933, Unilever Indonesia was established in December as Lever Zeepfabrieken N.V. and had operations in Cikarang , West Java at Rungkut , East Java and North Sumatra . After 1945, Unilever's once-successful American businesses (Lever Brothers and T.J. Lipton) began to decline. As

950-499: The OMXS30 ), if a company has more than one class of shares traded on the exchange, only the most frequently traded of these will be accepted into the AEX. If a company or companies are removed from the index due to delisting , acquisition or another reason, no replacements are made until the next review date. At the three interim reviews in June, September and December, no changes are made to

1000-649: The Oslo Bors OBX Index , and Euronext Paris 's CAC 40 . The AEX started from a base level of 100 index points on 3 January 1983 (a corresponding value of 45.378 is used for historic comparisons due to the adoption of the Euro ). The index's peak to date was set on 26 October 2021 816.91 After the dot-com bubble in 1999, the index value more than halved over the following three years before recovering in line with most global financial markets. The AEX index dealt with its second largest one-day loss on March 12, 2020, when

1050-582: The Royal Niger Company , which oversaw British trade interests in present-day Nigeria during the colonial era. The Nazi occupation of Europe during the Second World War meant that Unilever was unable to reinvest its capital into Europe, so it instead acquired new businesses in the United Kingdom and the United States. In 1943, it acquired T. J. Lipton , a majority stake in Frosted Foods (owner of

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1100-641: The breakup of Standard Oil in 1911 , it regained independence. Additional production sites were built in Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania , and in 1924, London, England . Chesebrough Manufacturing Company distributed its product throughout the United States and Britain during the early and mid-20th century. Its UK office was at 42 Holborn Viaduct . It was listed on the New York Stock Exchange and grouped with other oil-related stocks such as Standard Oil and its subsidiaries, and Continental Oil . The company had

1150-615: The 2010s, under the leadership of Paul Polman , the company gradually shifted its focus towards health and beauty brands and away from food brands that showed slow growth. Unilever has a primary listing on the London Stock Exchange and a secondary listing on the Euronext Amsterdam , and is a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index and the AEX index . In September 1929, Unilever was formed by

1200-526: The AEX unless either the index has seen one or more constituents removed, or a non-constituent possesses a share turnover ranked 15th or higher overall over the previous 12 months. If vacancies are to be filled, the highest-ranking non-AEX companies are selected to join the index. The AEX is a capitalization-weighted index . At each main annual review, the index weightings of companies in the index are capped at 15%, but range freely with share price subsequently. The index weights are calculated with respect to

1250-472: The N.V. to merge into the PLC. In October 2020 Unilever announced that 99 per cent of shareholders in its UK arm agreed with the merger, i.e., voted to base the group in London. The completion of the unification was announced on 30 November 2020. Since then there is one class of shares. In January 2019, Alan Jope succeeded Paul Polman as the chief executive officer. The chief financial officer, Graeme Pitkethly,

1300-542: The UK, it merged its Lever Brothers and Elida Fabergé businesses as Lever Fabergé in January 2001. In 2003, Unilever announced the sale of the Dalda brand in both India and Pakistan . In 2003, Bunge Limited acquired the Dalda brand from Hindustan Unilever Limited for reportedly under Rs 1 billion. On 30 March 2004, Unilever Pakistan accepted an offer of Rs. 1.33 billion for

1350-483: The United Kingdom's ninth best private sector employer based on millions of employee ratings and reviews. In 2020, Unilever announced it has reviewed its corporate structure again and that the company was to merge Unilever N.V. into Unilever PLC forming one holding company to be based in the United Kingdom. However, a Dutch 'exit tax' plan would require Unilever to reconsider this unification. In September 2020 Unilever's Dutch arm shareholders overwhelmingly voted for

1400-497: The United States shampoo and deodorant market. The purchase brought Unilever the Suave and Finesse hair-care product brands and Degree deodorant brand. In 1997, Unilever sold its speciality chemicals division, including National Starch & Chemical, Quest , Unichema and Crosfield to Imperial Chemical Industries for £4.9 billion. In 1998, Unilever established a sustainable agriculture programme. In 2000, Unilever acquired

1450-429: The United States, China and India account for over one third of turnover. Thirteen brands account for over half of sales. Unilever's largest international competitors are Nestlé and Procter & Gamble . In 1930, the logo of Unilever was in a sans-serif typeface and all-caps. The current Unilever corporate logo was introduced in 2004 and was designed by Wolff Olins , a brand consultancy agency. The 'U' shape

1500-493: The annual development of the AEX index since 1983. As of 2011, the AEX index composition is reviewed four times a year - a full "annual" review in March and interim "quarterly" reviews in June, September and December. Any changes made as a result of the reviews take effect on the third Friday of the month. Previously reviews were held in March and September only. Prior to 2008, index changes were made only annually in March. At

1550-562: The boutique mustard retailer Maille, Ben & Jerry's and SlimFast for £1.63 billion, Bestfoods for £13.4 billion. The Bestfoods acquisition increased Unilever's scale in foods in America, and added brands including Knorr , Marmite , Bovril , and Hellmann's to its portfolio. In exchange for European regulatory approval of the deal, Unilever divested itself of Oxo , Lesieur, McDonnells, Bla Band, Royco, and Batchelors . In 2001, Unilever split into two divisions: one for foods and one for home and personal care. In

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1600-610: The brands Mazola, Argo & Kingsfords, Karo, Golden Griddle, and Henri's, along with several of its Canadian brands, to ACH Food Companies, an American subsidiary of Associated British Foods . In 2004, Unilever Bangladesh, which was established in 1964 changed its former name Lever Brothers Bangladesh Ltd to its present name in December 2004, is owned 60.4% by Unilever and 39.6% by the Government of Bangladesh . In 2007, Unilever partnered with Rainforest Alliance to sustainably source all its tea. In 2009, Unilever agreed to acquire

1650-408: The closing prices of the relevant companies on March 1. At the interim reviews, weightings after adjustment are left as close as possible to those of the previous day and are not re-capped. The index comprises a basket of shares, the numbers of which are based on the constituent weights and index value at the time of readjustment. The value of the index at any given time, I t , is calculated using

1700-454: The company would sell Elida Beauty to Yellow Wood Partners, a private equity firm in the United States. In March 2024, Unilever announced plans to spin off its ice cream unit, which makes among others, brands such as Magnum and Ben & Jerry's, into a standalone business starting in March 2024 and planned to complete by the end of 2025. The announcement was part of a cost-savings programme that would cut 7,500 jobs. Unilever has

1750-512: The duality of legal entities and keeping just one headquarters in Rotterdam, abandoning the London head office. Business groups and staff would have been unaffected, as would the dual listing. On 5 October 2018 the group announced it would cancel the restructuring due to concern that the United Kingdom shareholders would lose value if the company fell out of the London FTSE100. A shareholder vote

1800-517: The end of the 1970s through acquisitions, Unilever had gained 30 per cent of the Western European ice cream market. In 1982, Unilever management decided to reposition itself from an unwieldy conglomerate to a more concentrated fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG) company. In 1984, Unilever acquired Brooke Bond (maker of PG Tips tea) for £390 million in the company's first successful takeover . In 1986, Unilever strengthened its position in

1850-403: The following formula: I t = ∑ i = 1 N Q i , t F i , t f i , t C i , t d t {\displaystyle I_{t}={\frac {\sum _{i=1}^{N}Q_{i,t}\,F_{i,t}\,f_{i,t}\,C_{i,t}\,}{d_{t}\,}}} with t the day of calculation; N

1900-474: The index closed down almost 11% during the coronavirus pandemic . The AEX index enjoyed its third largest one-day loss on September 29, 2008, when the index closed down almost 9%. The decade between 1998 and 2008 was bad for the AEX index, as it was the worst performing stock index except for the OMX Iceland 15 . The preceding years were a lot better compared to the rest of the world. The following table shows

1950-566: The main March review date, the 23 companies listed on Euronext Amsterdam's regulated market with the highest share turnover (in Euros ) over the previous year are admitted to the index. Of the companies ranked between 24th and 27th, a further two are selected with preference given to existing constituents of the index. Companies which have fewer than 25% of shares considered free float on Euronext Amsterdam are, however, ineligible for inclusion. Unlike some other European benchmark equity indices (such as

2000-413: The number of constituent shares in the index (usually 25); Q i,t the number of shares of company i on day t ; F i,t the free float factor of share i ; f i,t the capping factor of share i (exactly 1 for all companies not subject to the 15% cap); C i,t the price of share i on day t ; and d t the index divisor (a factor calculated from the base capitalisation of the index, which

2050-929: The personal care business of Sara Lee Corporation , including brands such as Radox , Badedas and Duschdas. The Sara Lee acquisition was completed on 6 December 2010. In 2010, Unilever acquired the Diplom-Is in Denmark, Unilever announced that it had entered into a definitive agreement to sell its consumer tomato products business in Brazil to Cargill , purchased Alberto-Culver , a maker of personal care and household products including Simple, VO5 , Nexxus , TRESemmé , and Mrs. Dash , for US$ 3.7 billion. acquired EVGA 's ice cream brands, which included Scandal, Variete and Karabola, and its distribution network in Greece, for an undisclosed amount. In 2012, Unilever announced it would phase out

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2100-479: The sale of its Dalda brand and related business of edible oils and fats to the newly incorporated company Dalda Foods (Pvt.) Limited. In 2002, the company sold its speciality oils and fats division, known as Loders Croklaan, for RM814 million (€218.5 million) to IOI Corporation , a Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia–based oil palm company. As part of the deal, the Loders Croklaan name was maintained. Unilever sold

2150-672: The state will no longer contract with the parent company Unilever or any of its subsidiaries. In November 2021, Unilever agreed to sell most of its tea business under the Ekaterra division to investment firm CVC Capital Partners for €4.5 billion. This deal excluded the Unilever tea business in India, Indonesia and Nepal, and the Lipton Ice Tea joint-venture with PepsiCo. The deal was completed in summer 2022. In December 2023, Unilever announced

2200-629: The use of microplastics in the form of microbeads in their personal care products by 2015. In 2014, Unilever agreed to acquire a majority stake in the China-based water purification company Qinyuan for an undisclosed price, acquired Talenti Gelato & Sorbetto, acquired Camay brand globally and the Zest brand outside of North America and the Caribbean from Procter & Gamble . In 2015, Unilever acquired British niche skincare brand REN Skincare, This

2250-515: The world skin care market by acquiring Ponds (merged from Chesebrough Manufacturing and Pond's Creams ), the maker of Ragú , Pond's , Aqua-Net, Cutex , and Vaseline in another hostile takeover. In 1989, Unilever bought Calvin Klein Cosmetics, Fabergé , and Elizabeth Arden , but the latter was later sold (in 2000) to FFI Fragrances. In 1992, Unilever Ghana was established in July following

2300-401: Was acquired by the British consumer goods company Unilever . Unilever paid $ 3.1 billion USD for Chesebrough-Ponds ($ 72.50 per share), in an all-cash deal. Unilever Unilever PLC is a British multinational fast-moving consumer goods company founded on 2 September 1929 following the merger of British soap maker Lever Brothers and Dutch margarine producer Margarine Unie . It

2350-413: Was completed in July 2018, and the new company was named Upfield . Upfield's notable brands include Flora , Stork , I Can't Believe It's Not Butter , Rama , Country Crock , Becel , and Blue Band . Unilever announced that to help tackle the global COVID-19 pandemic , it would contribute over € 100m through donations of soap, hand sanitiser, bleach and food. In April 2021, Unilever established

2400-521: Was followed in May 2015 by the acquisition of Kate Somerville Skincare LLC. The company also acquired the Italian premium ice cream maker GROM for an undisclosed amount. Unilever also separated its food spreads business, including its Flora and I Can't Believe It's Not Butter! brands, into a standalone entity named Unilever Baking, Cooking and Spreading. The separation was first announced in December 2014 and

2450-536: Was made in response to declining worldwide sales in that product category. Unilever bought the United States–based startup company Dollar Shave Club for a reported $ 1b (£764m) to compete in the male grooming market. On 16 August 2016, Unilever acquired Blueair, a supplier of mobile indoor air purification technologies. In September 2016, Unilever acquired Seventh Generation Inc. for $ 700 million. On 16 December 2016, Unilever acquired Living Proof Inc,

2500-559: Was planned to decide for the listing of a new Unilever Dutch entity, which would have seen Unilever dropping out of the FTSE 100 Index . When it appeared that the vote would fail, due to uncertainty over the Netherlands dividend tax, the scheme was cancelled on 5 October 2018. In October 2018, it acquired a 75% stake in the Italian personal-care business Equilibra and acquired the high-end, eco-friendly laundry and household cleaning products company The Laundress for an undisclosed sum. In 2018, UK recruitment website Indeed, named Unilever as

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