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61-409: The site was donated by King Christian V to his half brother Ulrik Frederik Gyldenløve on 22 March 1669 in connection with the establishment of Kongens Nytorv . Gyldenløve built his new mansion from 1672 to 1683 as the first building on the new square. The main wing and two lateral wings were built from 1672 to 1677, probably under the architect Ewert Janssen . In 1783 the mansion was extended with

122-410: A Tuscan arcade below, niches with busts above, and a lantern on the copper-covered roof. The floor plan is reminiscent of French castles. It has a piano nobile with a banquet hall above the main entrance, with access to the balcony, a ground floor with lower ceilings, and a second floors for servants with even lower ones. This arrangement became characteristic of mansions and upper-class town houses in

183-532: A large margin to stay in Germany. In return for this pro-German vote, Flensburg was given a large hall, the "Deutsches Haus", which the government endowed as "thanks for German loyalty". During the Second World War , the town was left almost unscathed by the air raids that devastated other German cities. But in 1943, 20 children died when a nursery school was bombed, and shortly after the war ended, an explosion at

244-464: A later owner, where he lived until his death in 1705. After King Christian V ´s death in 1699 the queen mother , Charlotte Amalie , purchased the palace for 50,000 Danish crowns and it was renamed Charlottenborg Palace. In 1714, when the Queen Dowager died, the place was passed to King Christian VI . Renovations began in 1736–1737, and its use and users shifted for a period of time. A small theater

305-448: A local munitions storage site claimed many victims. In 1945, Admiral Karl Dönitz , who was briefly President ( Reichspräsident ) of Nazi Germany after Adolf Hitler appointed him his successor and then killed himself, fled to Flensburg with what was left of his government . The so-called Flensburg Government , led by Dönitz, was in power from 1 May, the announcement of Hitler's death, for one week, until German troops surrendered and

366-527: A rear, fourth wing designed by Lambert van Haven . The bricks used were brought from Kalø Castle in Jutland , which Gyldenløve owned and had pulled down. In his old age, the large mansion became too big for Gyldenløve, who sold it to the dowager queen Charlotte Amalie in 1700, hence the name. Gyldenløve built a new, smaller mansion on the corner of Bredgade and Dronningens Tværgade which became known as "Gyldenløve's little mansion", now Moltke's Mansion , after

427-559: A traitor, and to the clamour of his adversaries, Griffenfeld was imprisoned for the remainder of his life. After the Scanian War, his sister, Princess Ulrike Eleonora of Denmark , married Swedish king Charles XI , whose mother was a stout supporter of the Duke of Holstein-Gottorp . In spite of the family ties, war between the brothers-in-law was close again in 1689, when Charles XI nearly provoked confrontation with Denmark-Norway by his support of

488-523: A while, he was chosen by the council. Since that time, the former official has been called the Stadtpräsident ("Town President"), and is likewise chosen by the council after each municipal election. Since 1999, the Oberbürgermeister has been chosen directly by the voters, as before. The first directly elected Oberbürgermeister , Hermann Stell, died on 4 May 2004 of a stroke . On 14 November 2004,

549-464: Is Christian Dewanger (WiF). In the 2010 mayoral election, Simon Faber (SSW) was elected Lord Mayor of the town in a runoff election with 54.8% of the vote. He was the first person from the Danish Minority to occupy this office since the end of World War II . The mayor of Flensburg is Fabian Geyer, who was elected in 2022. He took office on 15 January 2023. The Flensburg city council governs

610-1010: Is Germany's northernmost town. Flensburg lies at the innermost tip of the Flensburg Firth , an inlet of the Baltic Sea . Flensburg's eastern shore is part of the Angeln peninsula. Clockwise from the northeast, beginning at the German shore of the Flensburg Firth, the following communities in Schleswig-Flensburg district and Denmark 's Southern Denmark Region all border Flensburg: Glücksburg ( Amt -free town), Wees (Amt Langballig), Maasbüll , Hürup , Tastrup and Freienwill (all in Amt Hürup), Jarplund-Weding , Handewitt (Amt Handewitt), Harrislee (Amt-free community) and Aabenraa Municipality on

671-415: Is a red shield with the silver Holsatian nettle leaf on it. The town's flag is blue, overlaid with the coat of arms in colour. The lions symbolize Schleswig, and the nettle leaf Holstein, thus expressing the town's unity with these two historic lands. The tower recalls Flensburg's old town rights and the old castle that was the town's namesake ( Burg means "castle"). The waves refer to the town's position on

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732-655: Is an independent town in the far north of the German state of Schleswig-Holstein . After Kiel and Lübeck , it is the third-largest town in Schleswig-Holstein. Flensburg's city centre lies about 7 km (4 mi) from the Danish border. In Germany, Flensburg is known for: Flensburg is in the north of the German state Schleswig-Holstein , very close to the German-Danish border. After Glücksburg and Westerland , it

793-568: The A 7 Autobahn , leading north to the Danish border, whence it continues as European route E45 . Federal Highways ( Bundesstraßen ) B 200 and B 199 also pass through the municipal area. West of the town lies the Flensburg-Schäferhaus airport . Local transport is provided by several buslines , including Aktiv Bus GmbH and Allgemeinen Flensburger Autobus Gesellschaft (AFAG). They all operate on an integrated fare system within

854-736: The Danish Code ( Danske Lov ) in 1683, the first law code for all of Denmark. He also introduced the similar Norske Lov (Norwegian Code) of 1687 to replace Christian IVs Norwegian Code from 1604 in Norway. He also introduced the land register of 1688, which attempted to work out the land value of the united monarchy in order to create a more just taxation . During the reign of Christian V, Denmark's trade in cattle that had declined due to catastrophic fires and wars had been restored, and livestock and crop exports had also surpassed Frederick III , with thousands of cattle entering and leaving Jutland through

915-711: The European Union ), border trade has played an important role in Flensburg's economic life. Some Danish businesses, such as Danfoss , have set up shop just south of the border for tax reasons. In 1970, the Flensburg district was expanded to include the municipalities in the Amt of Medelby, formerly in the Südtondern district, and in 1974 it was united with the Schleswig district to form the district of Schleswig-Flensburg, whose district seat

976-657: The Kingdom of Prussia after the Second Schleswig War in 1864. The Battle of Flensburg was on February 6, 1864: near the city a small Hungarian mounted regiment chased a Danish infantry and Dragoon regiment. At the election for the North German Reichstag in 1867, there had still been a Danish majority in Flensburg, and it continued until around 1880. However, thereafter, the majority shifted partly due to immigration of workers from other parts of Germany and because

1037-557: The Oxen Way . After entering and fattening in the Danish King's German enclave County of Oldenburg , the cattle reached the big market in Wedel . From there, cattle are resold to all parts of North Germany via Stade , Hamburg and Lübeck . As the population continues to soar at the end of the seventeenth century, demand for beef, grains and fish is increasing, both throughout North Germany and on

1098-564: The Province of Schleswig-Holstein , and at the same time still kept its status as seat of the Flensburg district. In 1920, the League of Nations decided that the matter of the German–Danish border would be settled by a vote. As a result of the plebiscite , and the way the voting zones were laid out, some of Flensburg's northern neighbourhoods were ceded to Denmark, whereas Flensburg as a whole voted by

1159-647: The Scanian War , Danish hopes for border changes on the Scandinavian Peninsula between the two countries were dashed. The results of the war efforts proved politically and financially unremunerative for Denmark-Norway. The damage to the Danish-Norwegian economy was extensive. At this point, Christian V no longer had his most experienced foreign relations counsel around to repair the political damage — in 1676 he had been persuaded to sacrifice Griffenfeld as

1220-422: The Scanian War . The war exhausted Denmark's economic resources without securing any gains. Part of Christian's appeal to the common people may be explained by the fact that he allowed Danish and Norwegian commoners into state service, but his attempts to curtail the influence of the nobility also meant continuing his father's drive toward absolutism . To accommodate non-aristocrats into state service, he created

1281-814: The South Schleswig Voter Federation ( Südschleswigscher Wählerverband ) (9 councillors) and the CDU (9 councillors). Also elected was the SPD (seven councillors), the Greens (3 councillors), the Left (3 councillors) and the FDP (2 councillors). Nevertheless, since the WiF-group was divided into two different caucuses, the SSW-group has been the assembly's largest group. The City President

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1342-441: The value-added tax is lower and excise taxes are either lower (e.g., on alcohol) or do not exist (e.g., on sugar). The border shops may sell canned beer to Scandinavia residents without paying deposits as long as it is not consumed in Germany. For centuries, two mayors led the town council, one for the north town (St. Marien) and one for the south town (St. Nikolai and St. Johannis). The council members and mayors were chosen by

1403-466: The 1671 Throne Chair of Denmark , partly made for this purpose. His motto was: Pietate et Justitia (With piety and justice). Prince Christian was born on 15 April 1646 at Duborg Castle in the city of Flensburg , then located in the Duchy of Schleswig . He was the first legitimate child born to the then Prince Frederick of Denmark by his consort, Sophie Amalie of Brunswick-Calenberg . Prince Frederick

1464-703: The 16th century, Flensburg was said to be one of the most important trading towns in the Scandinavian area. Flensburg merchants were active as far away as the Mediterranean , Greenland , and the Caribbean . The most important commodities, after herring, were sugar and whale oil , the latter from whaling off Greenland. But the Thirty Years' War put an end to this boom time. The town was becoming Protestant and thereby ever more German culturally and linguistically, while

1525-568: The Baltic coast alone. In terms of the number of livestock shipped to the South, in 1680 each market had reached 40,000 cattle. Traditional export commodities, including fish and grains, have increased their exports since the beginning of the seventeenth century. The agricultural products exported by Denmark, especially cattle, have made a lot of money from Germany and the Netherlands for the Danish royal family,

1586-493: The Danish shore of the Flensburg Firth. The town of Flensburg is divided into 13 communities, which are further divided into 38 statistical areas. Constituent communities have a two-digit number and the statistical areas a three-digit number. The communities with their statistical areas: Flensburg was founded at the latest by 1200 at the innermost end of the Flensburg Firth by Danish settlers, who were soon joined by German merchants. In 1284, its town rights were confirmed and

1647-488: The Flensburg Fjord. The coat of arms was granted the town by King Wilhelm II of Prussia in 1901, and once again in modified, newly approved form on 19 January 1937 by Schleswig-Holstein's High President ( Oberpräsident ) Flensburg is twinned with: The town has a well-established Combined Heat and Power and District Heating scheme , installed between 1970 and 1980. It is owned by the town. West of Flensburg runs

1708-416: The Flensburg transport community ( Verkehrsgemeinschaft Flensburg ). They also all subscribe to the Schleswig-Holstein tariff system, whereby anyone travelling from anywhere in Schleswig-Holstein or Hamburg may use Flensburg buses free to connect with their final destinations. This works both ways: a rider boarding any bus in Flensburg need only name a destination anywhere in Schleswig-Holstein or Hamburg, pay

1769-484: The Second World War, the town's population broke the 100,000 mark for a short time, making Flensburg a city ( Großstadt ) under one traditional definition. The population later sank below that mark. In the years after the Second World War, South Schleswig, and particularly Flensburg, had a strong pro-Danish movement connected with the idea of the "Eider Politics". Its goal was for the town and all or most of Schleswig,

1830-588: The St.-Jürgen-Hospital ( Helligåndshospital , built before 1290), far outside the town's gates, where St. Jürgen Church is now. About 1500, syphilis also appeared. The church hospital "Zum Heiligen Geist" ("To the Holy Ghost") stood in Große Straße, now Flensburg's pedestrian precinct . A Flensburger's everyday life was very hard, and the old roads and paths were bad. The main streets were neither paved nor lit at night. When

1891-464: The age of 60 at the Copenhagen Castle after a reign of 22 years. At the death of his father, Frederick immediately ascended the thrones of Denmark and Norway as the second absolute monarch at the age of just 24. He was formally crowned on 7 June the following year in the chapel of Frederiksborg Palace , which thereafter became the traditional place of coronation of Denmark's monarchs during

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1952-514: The aristocrats and the town residents. During his reign, science witnessed a golden age due to the work of the astronomer Ole Rømer in spite of the king's personal lack of scientific knowledge and interest. He died from the after-effects of a hunting accident and was interred in Roskilde Cathedral . Christian V had eight children by his wife and six by his Maîtresse-en-titre , Sophie Amalie Moth (1654–1719), whom he took up with when she

2013-410: The bureaucracy was largely replaced with Germans from the south. Today, a sizable Danish community remains in the town. Some estimates put the percentage of Flensburgers who belong to it as high as 25%; other estimates put it much lower. The SSW political party representing the minority usually gains 20–25% of the votes in local elections, but not all its voters are Danes. Before 1864, Danes consisted of

2074-419: The city alongside the mayor. The most recent city council election was held on 14 May 2023, and the results were as follows: The result of the election held 6 May 2018 were as follows: Flensburg's coat of arms shows in gold above blue and silver waves rising to the left a six-sided red tower with a blue pointed roof, breaking out of which, one above the other, are the two lions of Schleswig and Denmark ; above

2135-474: The council itself: retiring officials' successors were named by the remaining councillors in such a way that both halves of the town had as many members. These councillors usually bore the title "Senator". This "town government" lasted until 1742 when the "northern mayor" was made the "directing mayor" by the Danish King. From this position came what was later known as the First Mayor. The second mayor simply bore

2196-451: The days of the absolute monarchy. He was the first hereditary king of Denmark-Norway, and in honor of this, Denmark-Norway acquired costly new crown jewels and a magnificent new ceremonial sword. It is generally argued that Christian V's personal courage and affability made him popular among the common people, but his image was marred by his unsuccessful attempt to regain Scania for Denmark in

2257-471: The decree that institutionalized the supremacy of the king in Denmark-Norway . Christian fortified the absolutist system against the aristocracy by accelerating his father's practice of allowing both Holstein nobles and Danish and Norwegian commoners into state service. As king, he wanted to show his power as absolute monarch through architecture, and dreamed of a Danish Versailles . He was the first to use

2318-427: The entire 18th century. In the rear wing, above the arcade, there is a well-preserved domed Baroque room with a splendid stucco ceiling. Christian V of Denmark Christian V (15 April 1646 – 25 August 1699) was King of Denmark and Norway from 1670 until his death in 1699. Well-regarded by the common people , he was the first king anointed at Frederiksborg Castle chapel as absolute monarch since

2379-521: The era. After some hesitation, Christian V initiated the Scanian War (1675–1679) against Sweden in an attempt to reconquer Scania which Denmark had lost under the Treaty of Roskilde in 1658. As Griffenfeld predicted, Sweden's stronger ally France was the party that dictated the peace with Denmark's ally the Netherlands , and in spite of Danish victory at sea in the battles against Sweden in 1675–1679 during

2440-619: The exiled Christian Albert, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp in his claims to Holstein-Gottorp in Schleswig-Holstein. Like Charles XI of Sweden, who had never been outside Sweden, Christian V spoke only German and Danish and was therefore often considered poorly educated due to his inability to communicate with visiting foreign diplomats. Christian V was also often considered dependent on his councillors by contemporary sources. The Danish monarch did nothing to dispel this notion. In his memoirs, he listed "hunting, love-making, war and maritime affairs" as his main interests in life. Christian V introduced

2501-757: The fare, and travel to that destination on one ticket. The Flensburg station opened in 1927 south of the Old Town. From there, trains run on the main line to Neumünster , Hamburg , and Fredericia , among them some InterCity connections as well as trains serving the line running to Eckernförde and Kiel . Another stop for regional trains to Neumünster is in Flensburg-Weiche. The stretch of line to Niebüll has been out of service since 1981, efforts to open it again notwithstanding. The secondary line to Husum and lesser lines to Kappeln and Satrup no longer exist. The tramway , which opened in 1881 to horse-drawn trams,

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2562-511: The independent candidate suggested by the CDU , Klaus Tscheuschner, was elected to replace Stell with 59% of the vote. In the 2003 municipal election, Hans Hermann Laturnus was elected Stadtpräsident . In the 2008 municipal election, the local list WiF (Wir in Flensburg) was elected the largest group in the Council Assembly of Flensburg, with 10 city councillors out of 43, closely followed by

2623-561: The neighbouring countryside remained decidedly Danish. In the 18th century, thanks to the rum trade, Flensburg had yet another boom. Cane sugar was imported from the Danish West Indies (now the US Virgin Islands ) and refined in Flensburg. Only in the 19th century, as a result of industrialization, was the town at last outstripped by the competition from cities such as Copenhagen and Hamburg . The rum produced in Flensburg

2684-422: The new noble ranks of count and baron . One of the commoners elevated in this way by the king was Peder Schumacher , named Count of Griffenfeld by Christian V in 1670 and high councillor of Denmark in 1674. Griffenfeld , a skilled statesman, better understood the precarious situation Denmark-Norway placed itself by attacking Sweden at a time when the country was allied with France, the major European power of

2745-595: The palace. Charlottenborg is a four-winged, three-storey building designed in the Dutch Baroque architecture style but also with some Italian influence. The main wing towards the square has a central risalit flanked by two more pronounced, two-bay corner risalit. All three are topped by balustrades. The central risalit is decorated with Corinthian pilasters and a Tuscan/Doric portal with balcony The facade has sandstone decorations and window pediments. The lower rear wing consists of three pavilions. The central pavilion has

2806-470: The streets became really bad, citizens made the dung-filled streets passable with wooden pathways. Only the few upper-class houses had windows. In 1485, a great fire struck Flensburg. Storm tides also beset the town occasionally. Every household in the town kept livestock in the house and the yard. Townsfolk furthermore had their own cowherds and a swineherd. After the fall of the Hanseatic League in

2867-455: The title "mayor" (" Bürgermeister "). After the town was ceded to Prussia, the townsfolk elected the mayors as of 1870, and the First Mayor was given the title Oberbürgermeister , still the usual title in German towns and cities. During the Third Reich, the town head was appointed by those who held power locally. In 1945, after the Second World War, a twofold leadership based on a British model

2928-690: The town administration itself. ¹ Census results The Danish minority in Flensburg ( Danish : Flensborg ) and the surrounding towns runs its own schools, libraries, and Lutheran churches, from which the German majority is not excluded. These two groups' coexistence is considered a sound and healthy symbiosis . A form of mixed Danish–German, Petuh , is used on the ferries. There is also a Danish Consulate-General in Flensburg. In Denmark, Flensburg seems to be mainly known for its "border shops" where, among other things, spirits, beer and candy are for sale at lower prices than in Denmark. The prices are lower because

2989-481: The town quickly became one of the most important in the Duchy of Schleswig . Unlike Holstein , Schleswig did not belong to the German Holy Roman Empire . Therefore, Flensburg was not a member of the Hanseatic League , but did maintain contacts with it. Historians presume that there were several reasons this spot was chosen for settlement: Herrings, especially kippered , brought about the blossoming of

3050-670: The town was occupied by Allied troops. The regime was effectively dissolved on 23 May, when the British Army arrested Dönitz and his ministers in Mürwik and detained them in the Navy School in Mürwik ( German : Marineschule Mürwik ). The Berlin Declaration promulgated on 5 June formalized the dissolution. Flensburg was therefore, for a few weeks, the seat of the last Third Reich government. After

3111-570: The town's trade in the Middle Ages . They were sent inland and to almost every European country. On 28 October 1412, Queen Margaret I of Denmark died of the plague aboard a ship in Flensburg Harbour. From time to time plagues such as bubonic plague, caused mainly by rat fleas ( Xenopsylla cheopis , a parasite found on brown rats ), "red" dysentery and other scourges killed much of Flensburg's population. Lepers were strictly isolated at

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3172-415: The vast majority, which belonged to what is now the minority; even today there are many Danish surnames in the Flensburg telephone directory (Asmussen, Claussen, Jacobsen, Jensen, Petersen, etc.). However, the upper classes at that time, comprising merchants, bureaucrats, academics, and the clergy, were predominantly German. On 1 April 1889, Flensburg became an independent city ( kreisfreie Stadt ) within

3233-524: The whole area north of the Eider River , to be united with Denmark. After 1945, Flensburg's town council was for years dominated by Danish parties, and the town had a Danish mayor. The town profited from the planned location of military installations. Since German Reunification , the number of soldiers has dropped to about 8,000. Since Denmark's entry into the European Economic Community (now

3294-447: Was a younger son of King Christian IV , but the death of his elder brother Christian, Prince-Elect of Denmark in June 1647 opened the possibility for Frederick to be elected heir apparent to the Danish throne. After the death of King Christian IV in 1648, Frederick thus became King of Denmark and Norway as Frederick III. Prince Christian was elected successor to his father in June 1650. This

3355-923: Was allowed to attend proceedings of the State College. Hereditary succession was made official by Royal Law in 1665. Christian was hailed as heir in Copenhagen in August 1665, in Odense and Viborg in September, and in Christiania, Norway in July 1666. Only a short time before he became king, he was taken into the Council of the Realm and the Supreme Court. On 9 February 1670, King Frederick III died at

3416-459: Was constructed and used for various concerts, operas and theatrical performances. The palace garden contained the Botanical Garden between 1778 and 1872. In 1701, the old Academy of Arts began its activities in the palace. The small school slowly grew and was finally formally inaugurated in the Charlottenborg Palace on March 31, 1754. In 1787, the ownership of the palace was transferred to the Royal Danish Academy of Art . The academy still occupies

3477-456: Was introduced. Heading the town stood foremost the Oberbürgermeister , who was chosen by the town council and whose job was as chairman of council and the municipality. Next to him was an Oberstadtdirektor ("Higher Town Director"), who was leader of administration. In 1950, when Schleswig-Holstein brought its new laws for municipalities into force, the title Oberbürgermeister was transferred (once again) to this latter official. At first, and for

3538-431: Was not a free choice, but de facto automatic hereditary succession. Escorted by his chamberlain Christoffer Parsberg, Christian went on a long trip abroad, to Holland , England , France , and home through Germany . On this trip, he saw absolutism in its most splendid achievement at the young Louis XIV 's court, and heard about the theory of the divine right of kings . He returned to Denmark in August 1663. From 1664 he

3599-535: Was sixteen. Sophie was the daughter of his former tutor Poul Moth . Christian publicly introduced Sophie into court in 1672, a move which insulted his wife, and made her countess of Samsø on 31 December 1677. Legitimate children by his queen Charlotte Amalie : Illegitimate children by his mistress, Sophie Amalie Moth, Countess of Samsø: Flensburg Flensburg ( German: [ˈflɛnsbʊʁk] ; Danish and Low Saxon : Flensborg ; South Jutlandic : Flensborre ; North Frisian : Flansborj )

3660-561: Was the town of Schleswig . Flensburg thereby lost its function as a district seat but remained an independent (district-free) town. Until the middle of the 19th century, Flensburg's municipal area comprised an area of 2 639 ha. Beginning in 1874, the following communities or rural areas ( Gemarkungen ) were annexed to the town of Flensburg: Population figures are for respective municipal areas through time. Until 1870, figures are mostly estimates, and thereafter census results (¹) or official projections from either statistical offices or

3721-415: Was then reintegrated into West Indian trade routes, which as of 1864 moved away from the Danish West Indies to the British colony of Jamaica instead. It was imported from there, blended, and sold all over Europe. There is now only one active rum distillery in Flensburg, "A. H. Johannsen". Between 1460 and 1864, Flensburg was, after Copenhagen, the Kingdom of Denmark's second-biggest port, but it passed to

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