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83-466: In 1167, Bishop Absalon (c. 1128–1201) founded a fortress on the islet of Slotsholmen in the harbour of Copenhagen. It consisted of a courtyard with several buildings and surrounded by a wall for protection. During the years after the demolition of Bishop Absalon's Castle by the Hansa League in 1369, the ruins on the island were covered with earthworks, on which the new stronghold, Copenhagen Castle,

166-465: A name day is a tradition in many countries of Europe and the Americas, as well as Christian communities elsewhere. It consists of celebrating a day of the year that is associated with one's baptismal name , which is normatively that of a biblical character or other saint. Where they are popular, individuals celebrate both their name day and their birthday in a given year. The custom originated with

249-403: A birthday ( день рождения / den rozhdeniya ) is still именинник / imeninnik (feminine: именинница / imeninnitsa ), literally "a person whose name day is being celebrated"). In Slovakia name days ( Slovak : meniny ) are widely celebrated. Name days are more often celebrated than birthdays in workplaces, presumably because it is simpler to know the date since most calendars contain

332-556: A comprehensive chronicle of the history of the Danes. In 1171, Absalon issued the "Zealand church law" ( Danish : Sjællandske Kirkelov ), which reduced the number of Canonical Law offenses for which the church could fine the public, while instituting the tithe payment system. Violation of the law was specified as subject to a secular legal process. Archbishop Eskil returned from exile in 1167. Eskil agreed on canonizing Valdemar's father Knud Lavard in 1170, with Absalon assisting him at

415-463: A continuation of names in the family line. According to the Greek Orthodox Church , every day of the year is dedicated to the memory of at least one (usually more than one) saint or martyr . If someone is named after a saint, then there is a big celebration on his or her name day. In Greece and Cyprus, many names derive from pagan Greek antiquity, and there may not be a Christian saint of

498-506: A flower name celebrate their name day on Palm Sunday ( Floriile in Romanian, which roughly translates as "the Flowers Day"). This name day varies: it is celebrated each year on the last Sunday before Orthodox Easter. Russians celebrate name days ( Russian : именины , romanized :  imeniny ) separately from birthdays. Some calendars note name days, but usually one must refer to

581-510: A legacy as the foremost politician and churchfather of Denmark in the 12th century. Absalon was equally great as churchman, statesman, and warrior. His policy of expansion was to give Denmark the dominion of the Baltic for three generations. That he enjoyed warfare there can be no doubt; yet he was not like the ordinary fighting bishops of the Middle Ages , whose sole indication of their religious role

664-468: A list of name days, which can also be found in the header of daily newspapers. Celebrations in elementary schools are different from those within the family, as the celebrant gives candies to their classmates. Within the family, birthday-like celebrations are often held with cakes, presents and flowers. Flowers are sometimes sold out for popular name-days. In the past, the law did not allow parents to choose any name for their child. That has changed, although it

747-618: A special name-day calendar. Celebrations range from the gifting of cards and flowers to full-blown celebrations similar to birthday parties. Such a celebration begins with attendance at the divine services marking that day (in the Russian tradition, the All-Night Vigil and Divine Liturgy ), and usually with a festive party thereafter. Before the October Revolution of 1917, Russians regarded name days as important as, or more important than,

830-537: A spire to the large entrance tower, which under the name of the Blue Tower gained a reputation as a prison. In 1556 an organ was built for the castle's chapel by Hermann Rodensteen ; one of the major organ builders of the 16th century. In the 1720s, King Frederik IV entirely rebuilt the castle, but it became so heavy that the walls began to give way and to crack. It became therefore evident to King Christian VI , Frederik IV's successor, immediately after his accession to

913-448: A temporary amusement park; it could last few days and is called sagra , even if the term is broadly used also for non-Catholic-related town festivals. In Latvia , name days ( Latvian : vārda dienas ) are settled on certain dates ; each day (except for 29 February in a leap year ) is a name day. Usually, Latvian calendars list up to five names each day—around 1,000 names a year. Recently an extended calendar with around 5,000 names

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996-504: A tradition in Catholic and Eastern Orthodox countries since the Middle Ages , and has also continued in some measure in countries, such as the Scandinavian countries, whose Protestant established church retains certain Catholic traditions. The name days originate in the list of holidays celebrated in commemoration of saints and martyrs of the church. For example, the name Karl or Carl

1079-430: Is a day corresponding to a date in the Catholic calendar when the respective saint's day is celebrated. Even though the celebration of the name day is less usual than celebrating a birthday, the name day is more often the occasion of congratulations from a broader number of acquaintances. This is due to the fact that the date of birth is seldom known and the person's name is known to many. The names that are celebrated on

1162-552: Is celebrated in Sweden on 28 January, the anniversary of the death of Charlemagne (Charles Magnus , i.e., "the great"). The church promoted the celebration of name days (or rather saints' feast days ) over birthdays , as the latter was seen as a pagan tradition. Where name days occur, official lists contain the current assignations of names to days . There are different lists for Finnish , Swedish , Sámi , and other countries that celebrate name days, though some names are celebrated on

1245-577: Is popularly believed to be an especially rainy week, and this is to some extent supported by statistics, as late July and early August are the rainiest times of the year in Finland. The Almanac Office reviews the name lists at intervals of 5 to 10 years, adding new names as they gain popularity and removing others that have faded into disuse. The University of Helsinki owns the copyright to the name lists and their corresponding dates. The Finnish Orthodox Church has its own calendar of name days, corresponding to

1328-566: Is practically unknown in Denmark, and few Danes know when their name day is. Finns celebrate their name days ( Finnish : nimipäivä , Swedish : namnsdag ) according to their given names on the dates set by the calendar published by the University of Helsinki Almanac Office (Finnish: Almanakkatoimisto ). Every day except New Year's Day , Christmas Day and 29 February is a name day. For each day, there are names in both Finnish and Swedish;

1411-423: Is similar to celebrating a birthday, although it may vary depending on the period of time between one's birthday and name day; usually, one will eat cake with household members and receive presents. Some families may even celebrate their name days more than their birthdays if the name day falls on a date during a much nicer season. For example: they are more likely to organise a big party for a name day that falls in

1494-486: Is still common to choose a name from the name-day list in the calendar. The original list was the Roman Catholic calendar of saints , but changes have been made to reflect the present-day usage of names. Name days ( Slovene : god ) were widely celebrated and preferred over birthday celebrations, until after World War II and the advent of Communism . In rural areas as well as among certain strata of town people

1577-553: Is still common to choose the name from the name-day "calendar". The original list was the Roman Catholic calendar of saints, but changes have been made to reflect the present-day usage of names. Any existing name, Czech or foreign, can be given, but not domestic or diminutive forms. Name days corresponding to some of the most frequently occurring names in the Czech Republic gain slightly more importance than others. For example,

1660-425: Is the most celebrated (19 December). Traditionally, name-day celebrations ( Polish : imieniny ) have enjoyed a celebratory emphasis greater than that of birthday celebrations in parts of Poland. However, birthday celebrations are increasingly popular and important, particularly among the younger generations. Imieniny involve the gathering and socializing of friends and family at the celebrant's home, as well as

1743-540: The Sanctorale , a cycle found in the General Roman Calendar giving almost each day a few saints, so different names may celebrated on the same day. Traditionally, parents fix the name day of their child at christening , according to the favourite saint in case of different ones (on different days) with the same name, and the child will carry it all along throughout their life. In the case of multiple given names,

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1826-560: The Baltic Sea , Europeanization in close relationship with the Holy See , and reform in the relation between the Church and the public. He combined the ideals of Gregorian Reform with loyal support of a strong monarchical power. Absalon was born into the powerful Hvide clan, and owned great land possessions. He endowed several church institutions, most prominently his family's Sorø Abbey . He

1909-618: The Catholic St. Valentine's Day). Two of the most popular name days in Bulgaria are St. George's day ( Гергьовден , celebrated on 6 May) and St. John's day (Ивановден, celebrated on 7 January). Another example of a name day connected with Christianity is Tsvetnitsa ( Цветница , Palm Sunday ). On this day people with names derived from flowers, trees, herbs, etc., celebrate. Name days are frequently connected with some year or season features like Dimitrovden (Dimitar's day, 26 October) marking

1992-643: The Holy Roman Empire . Absalon reformed the Danish church organisation to closer match Holy See praxis , and worked to keep Denmark a close ally of the Holy See. However, during the schism between Pope Alexander III and Antipope Victor IV , Absalon stayed loyal to Valdemar even as he joined the Holy Roman Emperor Frederick Barbarossa in supporting Victor IV. This caused a split within

2075-559: The Julian calendar . Each month there are several name days which are celebrated by the people with the same name. Some of the name-days that are more significant to the history and culture are non-working days for the whole country. At these days everyone is invited or would like to say " Кој дојде – Добредојде " ("Whoever comes—is welcomed") in Macedonian. Bringing presents is optional (usually wine or something symbolic). A typical phrase to salute

2158-546: The peasantry , and instituted tithes. He was a harsh and effective ruler, who cleared all Orthodox Christian liturgical remnants in favour of Papal standards. A rebellion in the Scanian peasantry forced him to flee to Zealand in 1180, but he returned and subdued the Scanians with the help of Valdemar. Valdemar died in 1182 and was succeeded by his son, Canute VI , whom Absalon also served as counsellor. Under Canute VI, Absalon

2241-522: The 18th century onwards, names used by the royal family were introduced to the Swedish list of name days, followed by other common names. In 1901 a comprehensive modernisation was made to make the list up to date with current names. The monopoly on almanacs, held by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences , expired in 1972 and so did the official name-day list. Competing name-day lists began to emerge, but

2324-510: The 1950s, the tradition has mostly disappeared even in Catholic families. In Greece and Cyprus , a name day ( Greek : ονομαστική εορτή , romanized :  onomastikí eortí , or [γιορτή] Error: {{Lang}}: invalid parameter: |translit= ( help ) ) is celebrated in a similar way to a birthday , except for expected differences (e.g. no birthday cake ). It has been a strong Greek tradition since antiquity for newborn children to be named after one of their grandparents. This results in

2407-565: The Abbey, apart from Fjenneslev which went to Esbern Snarre. He had already given Copenhagen to the Bishopric of Roskilde. Absalon was interred at Sorø Abbey , and was succeeded as Archbishop of Lund by Anders Sunesen. Saxo Grammaticus' Gesta Danorum was not finished until after the death of Absalon, but Absalon was one of the chief heroic figures of the chronicle, which was to be the main source of knowledge about early Danish history. Absalon left

2490-580: The Christian calendar of saints : believers named after a saint would celebrate that saint's feast day. Within Christianity, name days have greater resonance in areas where the Christian denominations of Catholicism , Lutheranism and Orthodoxy predominate. In some countries, however, name-day celebrations do not have a connection to explicitly Christian traditions. The celebration of name days has been

2573-506: The Danish church, as it possibly forced Eskil of Lund into exile around 1161, despite Abaslon's attempts to keep the Danish church united. It was contrary to Absalon's advice and warnings that Valdemar I rendered fealty to the emperor Frederick Barbarossa at Dole in 1162. When Valdemar returned to Denmark, he was convinced to strengthen the Danevirke fortifications at the German border, with

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2656-431: The Danish fleet. But he continued to keep a watchful eye over the Baltic, and in 1170 destroyed another pirate stronghold, farther eastward, at Dziwnów on the isle of Wolin . Absalon's last military exploit came in 1184, off Stralsund at Whitsun , when he soundly defeated a Pomeranian fleet that had attacked Denmark's vassal, Jaromar of Rügen . Absalon's main political goal was to free Denmark from entanglements with

2739-479: The Danish throne. On Good Friday 1158, bishop Asser of Roskilde  [ Wikidata ] died, and Absalon was eventually elected bishop of Roskilde on Zealand with the help of Valdemar, as the king's reward for Hvide family support. Absalon was a close counsellor of Valdemar, and chief promoter of the Danish crusades against the Wends . During the Danish civil war, Denmark had been open to coastal raids by

2822-513: The Dormition or on the Presentation of Mary, mother of Jesus . The traditional format of a name-day celebration is an open house: once a family or person has chosen to celebrate with invited guests (at home, at a restaurant, a bar or a club) if at all (e.g. following a recent bereavement), all well-wishers may be welcomed. Children celebrate their birthdays and name days equally festively, but as

2905-459: The Wends and an all but impregnable stronghold. But the unexpected fall of Arkona had terrified the garrison, which surrendered unconditionally at the first appearance of the Danish ships. Absalon, with only Bishop Sweyn of Aarhus and twelve " housecarls ", thereupon disembarked, passed between a double row of Wendish warriors, 6000 strong, along the narrow path winding among the morasses, to the gates of

2988-516: The Wends, sometimes with the help of German duke Henry the Lion , sometimes in opposition to him. In 1168 the chief Wendish fortress at Arkona in Rügen , containing the sanctuary of their god Svantevit , was conquered . The Wends agreed to accept Danish suzerainty and the Christian religion at the same time. From Arkona, Absalon proceeded by sea to Charenza , in the midst of Rügen, the political capital of

3071-449: The Wends. He even advocated forgiving the earlier enemies of Valdemar, which helped stabilize Denmark internally. The first expedition against the Wends conducted by Absalon in person, set out in 1160. These expeditions were successful, but brought no lasting victories. What started out as mere retribution, eventually evolved into full-fledged campaigns of expansion with religious motives. In 1164 began twenty years of crusades against

3154-506: The Wends. It was Absalon's intention to clear the Baltic Sea of the Wendish pirates who inhabited its southern littoral zone , which was later called Pomerania . The pirates had raided the Danish coasts during the civil war of Sweyn III, Canute V, and Valdemar, to the point where at the accession of Valdemar one-third of Denmark lay wasted and depopulated. Absalon formed a guardian fleet, built coastal defenses, and led several campaigns against

3237-737: The beginning of winter and Gergyovden (George's day, 6 May) heralding the end of it according to traditional folklore. Name days in Bulgaria are important and widely celebrated. Children celebrate their name days by bringing sweets and chocolates to school. By an ancient Bulgarian tradition, everybody is welcome on name days; there is no need to invite guests. Presents are given. Common well-wishes include "May you hear your name from grandchildren and great-grandchildren!" ( Да чуеш името си от внуци и правнуци! ), "May you hear your name only with good!" ( Да ти се чува името само за добро! ) and "May your name be healthy and well!" ( Да ти е живо и здраво името! ). In Croatia , name day ( Croatian : imendan )

3320-551: The celebrant is "Let your name last forever" (" Нека ти е вечно името ", " Neka ti e vecno imeto ") or "For years to come" (" За многу години " / " Za mnogu godini "). Among the most celebrated name-days in North Macedonia are St. Stefan (9 January), Epiphany (19 January), St. John (20 January), Blagovec (7 April), St. George (6 May), Ss. Cyril and Methodius (24 May), St. Kostadin and Elena (3 June), St. Peter (12 July), St. Paul (12 July), and St. Dimitar (8 November). Sv Nikola

3403-457: The celebration of Tatiana's name day, and Leo Tolstoy 's War and Peace , Book I, where both the mother and the youngest daughter of the Rostov family (referred to as Natalya and Natasha, respectively) celebrate their name day. Although the name day ( Russian : именины , romanized :  imeniny ) celebration is not as popular as a birthday celebration, the Russian word for a person having

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3486-500: The celebration of birthdays, based on the rationale that one's baptism is the event by which people become "born anew" in Christ. The Russian Imperial family followed a tradition of giving name-day gifts, such as a diamond or a pearl. References to name days in Russian literature and theatre include the entire first act of Anton Chekhov 's Three Sisters , where Irina celebrates her name day, Alexander Pushkin 's Eugene Onegin with

3569-531: The celebration on the night before, with a decade of the Rosary to ask the Virgin Mary and the child's patron for his or her needs. In Italy , one's name day is referred to as their " Onomastico  [ it ] " ( Greek : όνομα , romanized :  onoma , lit.   'name'). People often receive small gifts on their Onomastico ; cakes are also baked. Name days are determined according to

3652-457: The celebrations are best merged. It is also common to shift a name day celebration to a more convenient day, e.g. to the following Friday or to a weekend. Name days can be celebrated up to 40 days after the nominal date. Name days in Hungary are very popular, although not quite as much as a person's actual birth date. A woman is typically given flowers on her name day by acquaintances, including in

3735-552: The certain saint's day are all the names that correspond to the respective name and all the derivative names. For example, if there are different versions of the same name in different languages (e.g. John ), i.e. different versions in Slavic , Romance , Germanic or other language groups, all the respective names are celebrated. In the Czech Republic, each day of the year corresponds to a personal name (or several names). People celebrate their name day ( svátek or dated jmeniny ) on

3818-406: The child will celebrate only one, usually the first. In South Italy, the onomastico is given a much higher relevance, and sometimes it is considered more important than the birthday itself. Many parishes used to celebrate the name-day of their patron saint with Mass celebrations, religious processions and also charity festivals. Such a festival can involve a community canteen, food stands or

3901-522: The church calendar, on the date listed there (so in a leap year such a person can choose from 2 to 4 dates when to celebrate). The Latvian name-days calendar is updated at one or two-year intervals; anyone can suggest a name for the calendar, usually by sending an application to the State Language Centre ( Valsts valodas centrs ). Celebrations are very much like birthday celebrations. It is popular to celebrate name days in one's workplace—usually,

3984-473: The custom of celebrating name days lasted longer. Nowadays, while the tradition has not been obliterated, name days are celebrated mostly among older people. Until recently, name days in Spain ( Spanish : onomásticos or día de mi/su santo ) were widely celebrated. Onomásticos are not limited to saints but also include the celebration days of the different representations of the Virgin Mary . For example,

4067-401: The date corresponding to their own given name. Name days are commonly of less importance than birthdays to Czech people. However, name-day celebrations can be, and often are, held together with friends or co-workers of the same name and in this way can grow in size and importance. In the past, by law, parents were not allowed to choose just any name for a child. This has changed, although it

4150-405: The dates associated with the names Josef (Joseph) and Karel (Charles) are commonly known even by people with different names. However, the popularity of these names has decreased in the last years (6836 Josefs were born in 1947, but only 638 in 2014 ). Danes have their own calendar  [ da ] for name days ( Danish : navnedag ). However, the custom of celebrating one's name day

4233-541: The devout their saint day can be more important and significant than their own birthday. Name-days ( Macedonian : Именден , Imenden ) in North Macedonia have been celebrated throughout the history of this country. It has some similarities with the other Balkan countries but there are some name days unique to the country. The name days are scheduled according to the Macedonian Orthodox Church following

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4316-519: The feast. When Eskil stepped down as Archbishop of Lund in 1177, he chose Absalon as his successor. Absalon initially resisted the new position, as he did not want to lose his power position on Zealand, but complied with Papal orders to do so in 1178. By a unique Papal dispensation, Absalon was allowed to simultaneously maintain his post as Bishop of Roskilde. As the Archbishop of Lund, Absalon utilized ombudsmen from Zealand, demanded unfree labour from

4399-614: The feasts of Orthodox saints . In France name days ( French : fête du prénom ) have long been very important in everyday culture and it was traditional to give a small gift to a friend or family member on their name day. Some days of the year are commonly referred to by their saint's day: "la [ sc. fête de] Saint Sylvestre " is New Year's Eve ; "la Saint Jean " is Midsummer (24 June); and so on. In Germany name days ( German : Namenstag ) used to be widely popular in traditionally Catholic southern and western regions, where historically they were more important than birthdays. Since

4482-429: The fortress, and, proceeding to the temple of the seven-headed god Rugievit , caused the idol to be hewn down, dragged forth and burnt. The whole population of Garz was then baptized, and Absalon laid the foundations of twelve churches in the isle of Rügen. Rügen was then subjected to Absalon's Bishopric of Roskilde. The destruction of this chief sally-port of the Wendish pirates enabled Absalon to considerably reduce

4565-623: The giving of gifts and flowers at home and elsewhere, such as at the workplace. Local calendars often contain the names celebrated on a given day. Name days ( onomastica ) in Romania are associated with the Orthodox Christian saint's celebrations. The celebrations are made very much in the same way as in Greece (see above). Name days are almost as important as birthdays, and those who have the name of that particular saint celebrate on that day. Some of

4648-436: The land around the city of Havn (English: "Harbour"), and built there a castle for coastal defense against the Wends. Havn quickly expanded into one of Scandinavia 's most important centers of trade, and eventually evolved into modern-day Copenhagen . It was also Absalon who held the first Danish Synod at Lund in 1167. He was interested in history and culture, and commissioned Saxo Grammaticus to write Gesta Danorum ,

4731-404: The later king Valdemar II . He instead confined himself to the administration of the Danish empire. In 1192, Absalon made his nephew Peder Sunesen  [ da ] his successor as Bishop of Roskilde, while his other nephew Anders Sunesen was named the chancellor of Canute VI. Absalon died at Sorø Abbey on 21 March 1201, 73 years old, with his last will granting his personal holdings to

4814-735: The more important name days are 1 January: Sf. Vasile (St. Basil), 7 January: Sf. Ioan (St. John), 23 April: Sf. Gheorghe (St. George), 21 May: Sf. Constantin şi Elena (St. Constantine and Helen), 29 June: Sf. Petru şi Pavel (St. Peter and Paul), 20 July: Sf. Ilie (St. Elias), 15 August and 8 September: Sf. Maria (St. Mary), 9 September: Sf. Ana (St. Ann), 14 October: Sf. Parascheva (St. Paraskeva), 26 October: Sf. Dumitru (St. Demetrios), 8 November: Sf. Mihail şi Gavril (St. Michael and Gabriel), 25 November: Sf. Ecaterina (St. Catherine), 30 November: Sf. Andrei (St. Andrew), 6 December: Sf. Nicolae (St. Nicholas), 27 December: Sf. Stefan (St. Stephen). Persons (especially women) who have no saint name or who only have

4897-465: The name day of a woman named Carmen would be 16 July, day of Our Lady of Mount Carmel . Currently, onomásticos are still remembered in more traditional families, but are not generally celebrated with festive parties and presents as they were in the past. To celebrate name days, practising Catholics typically attend mass and have some intimate family celebration. In Spain, children often take sweets or cake to school to share with their classmates. From

4980-400: The name day on daily newspapers by the date and on Hungarian websites. Some highly popular names have several name days; in that case, the person chooses on which day they wish to celebrate, though traditionally the one closest to their birthday is celebrated. The list of the name days is, as usual in name day celebrating cultures, based on the traditional Catholic saints' feasts, but the link of

5063-473: The names are frequently, but not always, cognates . Women are slightly underrepresented in the calendar: approximately 45 per cent of name days celebrate only women while some 49 per cent are name days of men. The rest relate to names which may be given to either sex, such as Rauni (15 July), or which feature both women's and men's names, such as Oliver and Olivia (29 May). There are many traditional beliefs associated with various name days, especially involving

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5146-665: The newborn son was named with the name that the Catholic saint indicated for that day, the day of someone's birthday does not always coincide with the day of his name. In this way, women called "Rosa" could celebrate their name on the day of Saint Rose of Viterbo in Italy, Saint Rose Philippine Duchesne in France or Saint Rose of Lima on 23 August in Peru; women called "Mercedes" celebrate on 24 September, and men called "Joseph" celebrate on 19 March, regardless of whether or not they were born on those dates. For

5229-471: The official list was still in general use until 1986 when the consensus of a new list with three names on each day was reached. This list was revised in 1993 and reduced to two names on each day. However, widespread dissatisfaction with the list prompted the Swedish Academy to compile a new two-name list which was finally accepted and brought into use in 2001. Although it does not have the official status of

5312-447: The person grows up the emphasis may shift decisively. Entertainment provided by the celebrating host may include a meal, drinks, desserts, music and partying , rather than the guests fussing over the person celebrating. Gifts are expected from the guests. Optionally, an adult relative or a godparent might give pocket money to a celebrant child or teenager instead of a gift. In cases where birthdays and name days are close to each other,

5395-441: The person who has a name day prepares snacks for well-wishers, and during the day colleagues arrive one after another with flowers, sweets and small presents to greet him. Sometimes, especially in smaller companies, a certain time is set for the main celebrations. It is normal to come to a name day celebration without an invitation. At school one is expected to arrive with candy for classmates and teachers. Celebrating name days at home

5478-578: The rights to the castle in 1417. The Hanseatic League attacked the castle and in the Bombardment of Copenhagen during the Dano-Hanseatic War (1426–1435) . The attack was fought back by in 1428 by Queen Philippa , who led the defense from Copenhagen Castle. From the middle of the 15th century, the castle served as the Danish monarch's main residence and center of government. The castle was expanded and rebuilt several times. King Christian IV , added

5561-509: The same day in many countries. From the 18th century and onwards the list of name days has been modified in Sweden and Finland . Name days ( Bulgarian : имени дни ) in Bulgaria have almost always been associated with Bulgarian Eastern Orthodox celebrations. Some names can be celebrated on more than one day and some have even started following foreign traditions (like Valentina being celebrated on

5644-712: The same name. In such a case, the person is said "not to have" a name day, or they may choose to celebrate on All Saints' Day . The vast majority of name days are on the same date every year ; the few exceptions are names directly or indirectly associated with Easter , and so are floating. The tradition facilitates social interaction, as all Greek language calendars include detailed name-day lists. Some name days coincide with major Christian feasts. For example, people whose names are Chrēstos or Christine have their name day on Christmas , people named after St. Basil have their name day on New Year's Day, Anastásios and Anastasía on Easter Sunday , and María and Mários either on

5727-466: The secular name-days calendar to the Catholic calendar is not maintained any more. For example, even religious Catholic people named Gergely (Gregory) after Pope Gregory the Great still celebrate their name days on 12 March, although the Church moved the feast of that saint to 3 September in 1969. In Ireland , name days were occasionally observed in the past. Among Roman Catholics , it was traditional to begin

5810-464: The summer months than a birthday during the months with bad weather (late autumn or winter). The onomastico in Latin America is the feast of the saint in honor of which someone was named. It is very common for this term to be used as a synonym for birthdays, but this word refers to the list of the names of the saints, so they are not synonymous. Although (especially years before) by popular tradition

5893-507: The support of Absalon. Absalon built churches and monasteries, supporting international religious orders like the Cistercians and Augustinians , founding schools and doing his utmost to promote civilization and enlightenment. In 1162, Absalon transformed the Sorø Abbey of his family from Benedictine to Cistercian, granting it lands from his personal holdings. In 1167, Absalon was granted

5976-404: The throne in 1730, that an entirely new castle had to be built. The demolition of the overextended and antiquated Copenhagen Castle was commenced in 1731 to make room for the first Christiansborg Palace . 55°40′38″N 12°34′48″E  /  55.67722°N 12.58000°E  / 55.67722; 12.58000 Absalon Absalon ( c.  1128  – 21 March 1201)

6059-691: The throne. In Paris, he was influenced by the Gregorian Reform ideals of churchly independence from monarchical rule. He also befriended the canon William of Æbelholt at the Abbey of St Genevieve , whom he later made abbot of Eskilsø Abbey . Absalon first appears in Saxo Grammaticus 's contemporary chronicle Gesta Danorum at the end of the civil war, in the brokering of the peace agreement between Sweyn III and Valdemar at St. Alban's Priory in Odense . He

6142-457: The weather and the appropriate times to perform agricultural tasks, such as planting some particular crop. For example, there is a saying that "Jaakko (James) casts a cold rock into the water", meaning that on Jaakko's day, 25 July, the lake and sea waters will start getting colder, which is not far from true on average. The seven days from the 18th to the 24th of July, all being women's name days, are known as "the women's week" ( naistenviikko ). It

6225-425: The workplace, and the price of flowers often rises around the dates of popular names because of demand. A bottle of alcohol is a common gift for men on their name day. Children frequently bring sweets to school to celebrate their name days. Name days are more often celebrated than birthdays in workplaces, presumably because it is simpler to know the date since most calendars contain a list of name days. You can also find

6308-461: Was a Danish statesman and prelate of the Catholic Church who served as the bishop of Roskilde from 1158 to 1192 and archbishop of Lund from 1178 until his death. He was the foremost politician and church father of Denmark in the second half of the 12th century, and was the closest advisor of King Valdemar I of Denmark . He was a key figure in the Danish policies of territorial expansion in

6391-455: Was a guest at the subsequent Roskilde banquet given in 1157 by Sweyn for his rivals Canute V and Valdemar. Both Absalon and Valdemar narrowly escaped assassination by Sweyn on this occasion, and escaped to Jutland , whither Sweyn followed them. Absalon probably did not take part in the following battle of Grathe Heath in 1157, where Sweyn was defeated and slain. This led to Valdemar ascending to

6474-521: Was built. In 1343 King Valdemar Atterdag took over Absalon's castle, but upon his death in 1375 the right to the property returned to the Diocese of Roskilde . The castle had a curtain wall and was surrounded by a moat which had an inner diameter of about 50 meters and with a large, solid tower as an entrance gate. The castle was still the property of the Bishop of Roskilde until King Eric of Pomerania usurped

6557-436: Was granted lands by the crown, and built the first fortification of the city that evolved into modern-day Copenhagen . His titles were passed on to his nephews Anders Sunesen and Peder Sunesen . He died in 1201, and was interred at Sorø Abbey. Absalon was born around 1128 near Sorø , Zealand . Due to his name being unusual in Denmark, it is speculated that he was baptized on the Danish "Absalon" name day , 30 October. He

6640-471: Was published, and there are also a few extended calendars found on the Internet , listing names even on 29 February. 29 February is a popular date to celebrate name days of people who do not have a name day; another such date is 22 May. People who do not have name days in ordinary calendars can enjoy many variations when to celebrate—on 29 February or 22 May and, if they have their name in an extended calendar or in

6723-509: Was the chief policymaker in Danish politics. Absalon kept his hostile attitude to the Holy Roman Empire. On the accession of Canute VI in 1182, an imperial ambassador arrived at Roskilde to get the new king to swear fealty to Frederick Barbarossa, but Absalon resolutely withstood him. When Absalon retired from military service in 1184 at the age of fifty-seven, he resigned the command of fleets and armies to younger men, like Duke Valdemar,

6806-625: Was the son of Asser Rig , a magnate of the Hvide clan from Fjenneslev on Zealand , and Inger Eriksdotter . He was also a kinsman of Archbishop Eskil of Lund . He grew up at the castle of his father, and was brought up alongside his older brother Esbern Snare and the young prince Valdemar, who later became King Valdemar I of Denmark . During the civil war following the death of Eric III of Denmark in 1146, Absalon travelled abroad to study theology in Paris , while Esbern fought for Valdemar's ascension to

6889-416: Was to avoid the shedding of blood by using a mace in battle instead of a sword. Absalon never neglected his ecclesiastical duties. In the 2000s, "Absalon" was adopted as the name for a class of Royal Danish Navy vessels, and the lead vessel of the class. HDMS Absalon (L16) and Esbern Snare (L17) were launched and commissioned by Denmark in 2004 and 2005. Name day In Christianity ,

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