80-606: (Redirected from Chambers Brothers ) Chambers brothers may refer to: Chambers brothers (pastoralists) , James and John Chambers, early settlers in South Australia Chambers Brothers (gang) , B.J., Larry, Willie and Otis Chambers, a criminal organization in Detroit during the 1980s The Chambers Brothers , an American psychedelic soul band See also [ edit ] Chambers (surname) Topics referred to by
160-601: A few pack horses. The secret to successful exploration, in Stuart's view, was to travel fast and avoid the delays and complications that always attend a large supply train. By the time they reached Neales River (near present-day Oodnadatta ) unexpected rain had ruined most of their stores and they continued on half-rations – something that Head, who had started the trip as a big man and weighed twice as much as Stuart, found difficult to adjust to. Water became more and more difficult to find and scurvy began to set in. Stuart's right eye
240-401: A full dark beard and sometimes wore moleskin trousers and an unfashionable long-tailed blue coat with brass buttons and cabbage-tree hat. He was able to endure privations and possessed a fierce determination which overrode any thought of personal comfort. He was not particularly gregarious; he had some good friends but seemed happiest away from crowds. He was a Freemason , being initiated in
320-585: A head station at Cobdogla , managed by James Trussell, successfully breeding horses and cattle. The two brothers took up the lease of the station pioneered by Fisher and Handcock near the present-day Renmark in 1858 and in 1859 William Finke took up another section in the area, creating two stations, "Bookmark" and "Chowilla". Around 1860 John Chambers took over Finke's lease, installing James Redin as manager. Around 1865 Chambers sold Bookmark and Chowilla to Richard Holland who around five years later passed it on to his stepsons William and Robert Robertson. (In 1887
400-503: A land which the local Aboriginal people called Wingillpinin, and new grazing land in the north-west of South Australia. Stuart set out from John Chambers ' station Oratunga, taking as companions two of Chambers' employees (a white man named Forster and a young Aboriginal man), half a dozen horses, and rations for six weeks, all provided by Chambers, a pocket compass and a watch. From the Flinders Ranges, Stuart travelled west, passing to
480-540: A livery stable in North Adelaide, He bought bullocks and wagons from Cape Town and coaches from England, he tendered successfully for the mail contract to Burra around 1845 (endorsed by postmaster-general John Watts ) and built a substantial business carrying passengers to the mining areas north of Adelaide, including Gawler's expeditions into the country. He provided the horses and carts for Alexander Tolmer 's gold escort from Mount Alexander to Adelaide in 1852. He
560-559: A personal diary. The party comprised 10 men and 71 horses. Benjamin Head, veteran of the fourth expedition, was still too ill to accompany them. The party made good time to Newcastle Waters, reaching that point on 5 April, and experiencing conflict with the local Aboriginal people once again. Here they rested for a week before Stuart led a scouting party north, finding good water for the main body to move up to. The next stage, however, proved more difficult. Five times Stuart and his scouts tried to find
640-500: A retired army captain serving as a customs officer. Stuart's parents died in his early teens and so he came under the care of relatives. He graduated from the Scottish Naval and Military Academy as a civil engineer before emigrating to Australia at the age of 23. Stuart was a slight, delicately built young man, standing about 5' 6" tall (168 cm) and weighing less than 9 stone (about 54 kg). In January 1839 he arrived aboard
720-648: A return. In the relative cool of the southern winter, they travelled fast, reaching the settled regions of South Australia in September. When Stuart learned that Burke and Wills were missing he immediately offered to join the search for them. The first rescue teams had left some time earlier, however, and soon returned with the news that no less than 7 members of the largest and best-equipped expedition in Australia's history had died. Public exploration mania had cooled considerably. Although Stuart had now led five expeditions into
800-480: A reward of £2,000 to any person able to cross the continent through the centre and discover a suitable route for the telegraph from Adelaide to the north coast. Stuart's friends and sponsors, James & John Chambers and Finke, asked the government to put up £1,000 to equip an expedition to be led by Stuart. The South Australian government, however, ignored Stuart and instead sponsored an expedition led by Alexander Tolmer , which failed miserably, failing to travel beyond
880-513: A riverbed which Stuart named Tennant's Creek (now the site of the township Tennant Creek ). The worst of the country was now behind them and they were only about 800 km from the coast. From here, however, progress seemed impossible. A four-day excursion to the north-west found no water at all and they had to retreat. After giving the horses a week to recover, they tried heading due north. They found another creek (later named Attack Creek) but were blocked by heavy scrub. Unlike those further south,
SECTION 10
#1732838465731960-544: A route towards Victoria River without success. Finally he headed north rather than north-west and was rewarded with a series of small waterholes leading to Daly Waters , about 150 kilometres north of Newcastle Waters. Stuart made one last attempt to reach Victoria River before continuing north into the Top End . On 9 June he reached territory that had already been mapped and on 1 July the Mary River , which hadn't, presuming it to be
1040-453: Is available as yet. John McDouall Stuart John McDouall Stuart (7 September 1815 – 5 June 1866), often referred to as simply "McDouall Stuart", was a Scottish explorer and one of the most accomplished of all Australia's inland explorers. Stuart led the first successful expedition to traverse the Australian mainland from south to north and return, through the centre of
1120-412: Is claimed that he was a member of Stephen Hack's expedition of May and June 1857 looking for grazing country north and west of Streaky Bay and a private expedition to Lake Gairdner with Anthony Forster (later to become editor of The Register ) in 1858. On 14 May 1858, with financial backing from William Finke, Stuart set off on the first of his six major expeditions. His aim was to find minerals,
1200-540: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Chambers brothers (pastoralists) James and John Chambers were early settlers in the colony of South Australia , who left England in 1836, became wealthy pastoralists and were closely connected with John McDouall Stuart 's expeditions across the continent of Australia. James and John, sons of William and Elizabeth (née Wilson) Chambers, their wives Catherine and Mary (who were sisters) and their young families were among
1280-587: Is difficult if not impossible at many points to determine which brother is involved. James Chambers "Jemmy" (21 September 1811 – 7 August 1862), born in Ponders End , London was a successful grazier and pastoralist in South Australia; with brother John a major sponsor of John McDouall Stuart 's expeditions across the continent. He was the first to drive a team of bullocks between Adelaide and Port Adelaide , and Adelaide and Glenelg , effectively creating
1360-685: Is not known whether she came to Australia on the Coromandel or the James Renwick a month later. Her sister married John Chambers; her brother James Watson Redin (15 April 1813 – 22 August 1871) also emigrated, lived at Aldinga, South Australia John Barker and Catherine, Hugh Chambers and Agnes, formed the company Barker and Chambers , with major property investments "Comongin Holdings" in Queensland, later became McLean & Barker & Co. They ran
1440-509: Is now barely able to support a few cattle. At around this time in Australia, exploration fever was reaching a peak. Several factors contributed. At "home" (as Australians still called Britain), public attention was focussed on the search for the source of the Nile , with the competing expeditions of Speke , Burton and Baker all contending for the honour of discovery. Like the interior of Africa, inland Australia remained an embarrassing blank area on
1520-494: The Adelaide River (without a chronometer, determination of longitude was impossible). On 24 July 1862 the expedition reached a muddy beach on Van Diemen Gulf , 100 km east of today's Darwin , and there marked a tree "JMDS" and named a nearby watercourse "Thrings Creek". He and his companions had crossed the continent from south to north. The following day Stuart found a sizable tree which he marked with an "S" and there raised
1600-579: The Australian Overland Telegraph Line was constructed along Stuart's route. The principal road from Port Augusta to Darwin was also established essentially on his route and was in 1942 named the Stuart Highway in his honour, following a recommendation by Governor-General Gowrie . Born in Dysart, Fife , Scotland, Stuart was the youngest of nine children. His father William Stuart was
1680-515: The Burke and Wills expedition had cost £9,000 to establish. That expedition had already reached the Darling River in northern New South Wales.) Stuart left Chambers Creek with a dozen men, 49 horses and rations for 30 weeks on 1 January 1861. It was high summer in South Australia and the worst possible time for travelling. Stuart was soon forced to send two men and the five weakest horses back. The heat
SECTION 20
#17328384657311760-603: The Great Northern Mining Company on the London Stock Exchange in 1860 was marked by irregularities, shady deals, deception and outright fraud. The first application for mining leases was refused by the Commissioner of Crown Lands Charles Bonney , but his replacement John Bentham Neales , M.P. took it on himself not only to grant them without going through the normal procedures, such as checking claims of
1840-665: The John Renwick on 10 February 1837 In 1842 she married Alfred Barker (1812 – 24 January 1880) who had been an officer on the Rapid , and settled at Yankalilla . They moved to Burra when he ran the Burra Hotel, then took over the Baldina Run station in 1862. He died at Baldina House, St. John's Wood, now part of Prospect, South Australia ; she died at Henley Beach, South Australia James Watson Redin (15 April 1813 – 22 August 1871)
1920-509: The John Renwick . He settled on a farm somewhere in the Upper Sturt / Cherry Gardens / Coromandel Valley area and played no major part in public affairs. There is circumstantial evidence that he was partner with his brother John in managing the Pekina run. There is no information available on his offspring, if any. Priscilla Chambers (1816 – 31 December 1900) arrived with brother John on
2000-577: The Port Road and Bay Road . He ran sheep on a commonage licence in the area now known as Coromandel Valley. He bought a town acre at the first land sale, and imported horses from Van Diemens Land (he and brother John had experience as horse dealers in England) They built a house on Montefiore Hill in North Adelaide , at the site later occupied by John Langdon Bonython 's Carclew. He opened
2080-478: The Union Jack presented to him by Elizabeth Chambers, and named the long stretch of beach which lay to the west, Chambers Bay in her honour. The ten successful members of the party are listed here with their age on the day of the expedition's departure from North Adelaide. By current standards Stuart was physically a small, wiry man, but in fact he was of average build of western European men at that time. He had
2160-520: The Warramunga Aboriginal people defended their country from trespassers. On 26 June they raided the explorers' camp. One stole the shoeing rasp (which Stuart was able to recover); others threw boomerangs at the horses and set fire to the grass around the camp. Like Sturt (and unlike some of the other Australian explorers) Stuart generally got on well with the Aboriginal people he encountered but he
2240-807: The "horse bazaar" on Sturt Street, Adelaide , also on Grenfell Street and Gay's Arcade, which in November 1884 was destroyed by fire and rebuilt as part of Adelaide Arcade . When cattle dealer Edward Meade Bagot (1822 – 27 July 1886) (founder of Bagot, Shakes and Lewis), disappeared in 1886, John Barker organised the search party. Chambers Creek and Chambers Hill (in the Adelaide Hills ) were named for James Chambers. Chambers Pillar , River Chambers and Chambers Range in Central Australia were named for him by Stuart. Chambers Bay, which Stuart originally named Elizabeth Bay, east of present-day Darwin , where
2320-513: The British flag was first raised, was named for his eldest daughter Elizabeth by Stuart. Katherine River (and hence the town Katherine ) was named for his second daughter Catherine. Anna Creek, Edwards Creek and William Creek were named for John Chambers' children, by Peter Warburton in 1858, surveyor Lee in 1883, and John McDouall Stuart in 1858 respectively. John Chambers (1814? 1815? – 26 September 1889), born in Ponders End , Middlesex
2400-453: The Chambers family of South Australia , makes the point that the two men were physically quite different, both in build and temperament, and John wore a green satin patch over his blind right eye, so would never be confused by contemporaries. The historian however has great difficulty: they both signed their names "J. Chambers" and were involved in similar (and often the same) activities so that it
2480-485: The Lodge of Truth, Adelaide, No. 649 on 1 August 1859, and retained membership until shortly before he returned to England. Another reference has him being inducted into the Lodge of Truth, North Adelaide, No. 933, on 5 April 1860. Many years of hard conditions combined with malnutrition, scurvy, trachoma and other illnesses had rendered him practically blind, in pain and in such poor health that he spent some (900 km) of
Chambers brothers - Misplaced Pages Continue
2560-604: The McDouall Stuart Lodge of Freemasons in Alice Springs commissioned a 4-metre high ferro-concrete statue of Stuart for donation to the Alice Springs Town Council to commemorate the 150th anniversary of Stuart's fourth expedition, during which he had reached the centre of the continent. The statue is located in a heritage precinct near the old hospital. In England, Stuart is commemorated by a blue plaque on
2640-904: The South Australian government resumed part of Bookmark for the Chaffey brothers ' irrigation development and the town of Renmark.) With brother James, he set up a headquarters at Mount Samuel, which Herschel Babbage used as a base for exploring the Flinders Ranges for prospective sites. He took up leases at Pekina , Mount Remarkable , Moolooloo (managed by John Rose), Bobmoonie and Oratunga (managed by George Warland), Wirrealpa , Stuart Creek and Cournamont. He and James dissolved their partnership and between 1854 and 1857 sold 1700 sq. miles (4400 km²) for £48,000, He sold much of his landholdings in 1863, avoiding losses in great drought He had mining leases around Blinman, South Australia . It
2720-732: The area between Holdfast Bay and Aldinga in June 1838. He claimed to have done the first ploughing in Adelaide (for Boyle Travers Finniss ; another claimant was Donald McLean ) and to have built the first Adelaide house with a fireplace, door and glass window. He also practised as a farrier and speculated as a dealer but over-reached himself in 1851 and John and Mary settled down on settled on 1200 acres (486 ha) in Cherry Gardens to run sheep. In 1846 he took up land around Lake Bonney to run sheep, then formally converted it to leasehold in 1851, setting up
2800-470: The arid centre of Australia and crossed all but the last few hundred miles of the continent without losing a man, the South Australian government was initially reluctant to back a sixth effort. However, the prospect of establishing a route for an overland telegraph line became a significant factor. The government finally provided £2,000 at the last minute on condition that Stuart took a scientist with him. James & John Chambers along with William Finke remained
2880-677: The arid interior, and engaged Stuart as a draughtsman. Sturt's expedition penetrated further north than any previous attempt, at the cost of great hardship. Instead of the hoped-for inland sea, the explorers found two of the most fearsome arid areas anywhere in Australia: Sturt Stony Desert and the Simpson Desert . After his second-in-command James Poole died of scurvy , Sturt appointed Stuart in his place. Both men survived to return to Adelaide, but suffered greatly from scurvy. Sturt never really recovered and soon returned to England;
2960-567: The award of a gold watch from the Royal Geographical Society . Soon after his return from his first expedition, Stuart applied for a pastoral lease at Chambers Creek. Considered the discoverer, he was already entitled to a lease, but wanted rights to a larger area. As a bargaining chip in the negotiation process, Stuart offered to do the surveying himself and in April 1859 he set off with a party of three men and 15 horses. This gained for him
3040-420: The barque Indus at the barely two-year-old frontier colony of South Australia , at that time little more than a single crowded outpost of tents and dirt-floored wooden huts. Stuart soon found employment with the colony's Surveyor-General, working in the semi-arid scrub of the newly settled districts marking out blocks for settlers and miners. The Surveyor General of South Australia , Stuart's superior officer,
3120-589: The continent. His experience and the care he showed for his team ensured he never lost a man, despite the harshness of the country he encountered. The explorations of Stuart eventually resulted in the 1863 annexation of a huge area of country to the Government of South Australia. This area became known as the Northern Territory. In 1911 the Commonwealth of Australia assumed responsibility for that area. In 1871–72
3200-473: The expedition turned back about 100 kilometres short of the border because they had no more horse shoes (an essential item in that arid, stony region). Importantly, however, Stuart had found another reliable water supply for future attempts: a "beautiful spring" fed by the then-unknown Great Artesian Basin . He wrote: He returned in July with reports of "wonderful country"—an extraordinary description of territory that
3280-513: The firm support and confidence of the Governor of South Australia , Richard Graves MacDonnell , himself a keen explorer. The Chambers Creek survey complete, Stuart explored to the north again, aiming to reach the border between South Australia and what is now the Northern Territory (at that time still a part of New South Wales ). Although still well supplied with rations and not short of water,
Chambers brothers - Misplaced Pages Continue
3360-661: The first colonists, James arriving on the Coromandel at Holdfast Bay on 17 January 1837. The plan had been that by leaving on an earlier ship James would arrive in plenty of time to organise accommodation for the rest of the family, but unfavourable winds forced the Coromandel to delay its departure until 9 September. The ship was further delayed at Cape Town , partly because insufficient and inferior food supplies had brought about so much illness that Captain William Chesser (died 14 February 1840) feared many passengers would die on
3440-651: The first finger. At first it was feared amputation would be necessary, but Stuart and Waterhouse (the naturalist, appointed by the Government) were able to catch up with the rest of the party at Moolooloo (one of the Chambers brothers' stations) five weeks later. However they did not leave Chambers Creek until 8 January 1862. One of the party, John W. Woodforde, son of the City Coroner , was dismissed by Stuart for insubordination, having refused to be parted with his greatcoat , and, contrary to Stuart's instructions, for keeping
3520-459: The first, and the Government providing for the sixth. This last expedition set out with great ceremony on 25 October 1861 from James's residence on Montefiore Hill , North Adelaide, where he died of complications from a carbuncle without learning of its successful outcome. James Chambers married Catherine Redin (17 May 1809 – 20 June 1875) of Newton, Lincolnshire , in England on 6 August 1836. It
3600-617: The float was underway, ownership of the leases passed from Chambers and Finke to John Baker M.L.C. and Paxton . In the parliamentary enquiry under Townsend which followed, James Chambers refused to answer questions, Finke avoided it by travelling interstate, Baker claimed parliamentary privilege and absented himself, and Neales claimed he was following a precedent. The directors judiciously reduced their holdings from 1500 shares each to 200 or 300 while prices were buoyant. He largely outfitted John McDouall Stuart for four of his six northern expeditions, brother John having supplied everything for
3680-467: The hostile tribesmen that had blocked the last attempt. At about the same time – and unknown to Stuart's party, of course – Burke, Wills and King reached their base camp at Cooper Creek only to find it deserted. The fourth member of their party, Charles Gray, was already dead; Wills and then Burke perished within a few more days, leaving only King to be sustained by the kindness of the local Aboriginal people. Stuart still planned to march north-west towards
3760-515: The house where he lived and died in Kensington , London, No. 9 Campden Hill Square. In 2011 his grave in Kensal Green cemetery, London, was refurbished to its former glory. In Dysart, Scotland there is also a blue plaque on the house where he was born. The property, John McDouall Stuart View, is available as a holiday let, restored and owned by Fife Historic Buildings Trust. Stuart is commemorated in
3840-419: The known region of Victoria River , which had been mapped by Augustus Charles Gregory in 1858. Leaving the main expedition to rest, he led a series of small parties in that direction, but was blocked by thick scrub and a complete lack of water. After a great deal of effort, the scouting parties managed to find another watering point 80 kilometres (50 mi) further north and Stuart moved the main body up. Over
3920-513: The major population centres of Australia in Victoria and New South Wales. Several of the mainland colonies were competing to host the Australian terminus of the telegraph: Western Australia and New South Wales proposed long undersea cables; South Australia proposed employing the shortest possible undersea cable and bringing the telegraph ashore in Australia's Top End . From there it would run overland for 3,000 kilometres south to Adelaide. The difficulty
4000-476: The map and although the long-held dreams of a fertile inland sea had faded, there was an intense desire to see the continent crossed. This was the apex of the age of heroic exploration. Additionally, there was the factor of the telegraph . Invented only a few decades earlier, the technology had matured rapidly and a global network of undersea and overland cables was taking shape. The line from England had already reached India and plans were being made to extend it to
4080-569: The mountain became known as Central Mount Stuart after Stuart himself, not his mentor Sturt, and geographers no longer regard it as the true centre of Australia. Nevertheless, it retains its symbolic value. The explorers were unable to progress much further north. Lack of water forced them back again and again. Stuart's scurvy was growing worse, Head was now half his original weight, and only Kekwick remained capable of heavy work. Then, on 22 May, it rained. With water now available nearly every day, they made good mileage and by mid June were able to reach
SECTION 50
#17328384657314160-532: The next two weeks Stuart made three more attempts to find a practicable route over the plains to the north-west, but without success. Finally, he decided to try heading due north. He was rewarded with the discovery of "a splendid sheet of water" 150 metres (492 ft) wide and 7 kilometres (4 mi) long which he named "Newcastle Water, after his Grace the Duke of Newcastle, Secretary for the Colonies". For five more weeks
4240-485: The north. James and his business partner William Finke found copper on one of their northern properties and on 23 July 1857 were issued with lease no 5 on some eighty acres that became known as the Oratunga Mine. He and Finke founded "Great Northern Copper Mining Company" and sold eleven mines, most notably Nuccaleena and Oratunga No.2 to that company, which originally consisted of eleven shareholders. The floating of
4320-540: The party camped at Newcastle Waters while Stuart tried to find a north-westward route to take them to Victoria River and thus the sea. The local Aboriginal people were wary of trespassers on their land, lighting fires around the camp and spooking the horses, and Kekwick had to mount an armed sentry with instructions to fire warning shots whenever they came near. Provisions were running short and both men and horses were in poor condition. Finally, on 1 July 1861, exactly six months after they had left Chambers Creek, Stuart ordered
4400-515: The party pressed on at Stuart's customary rapid pace. They reached the safety of Chambers Creek in August. A few days earlier, on 20 August 1860, the larger Burke and Wills expedition had finally left Melbourne. Stuart reached Adelaide in October 1860. Although he had narrowly failed to cross the continent, his achievement in determining the centre was immense, ranked with John Hanning Speke 's discovery of
4480-415: The principal private backers. Stuart's sixth expedition was officially launched at James Chambers' home at North Adelaide on 23 October 1861. Their first stop, before they had reached the town of Gawler, was forced by trouble with their horses. One reared, striking Stuart's temple with its hoof, rendering him unconscious then trampling his right hand, dislocating two joints and tearing flesh and nail from
4560-692: The proponents, gaining approval from Major Freeling of the Survey Department (who objected to both applications), the Lands Office, and obtaining the signatures of the Chief Secretary and the Governor, but personally rushed the signed form to mining captains John Hart and Dashwood, and T. Hancock (manager of the North Rhine Mining Company and secretary of Great Northern), as their ship to London
4640-405: The remainder of his career, usually organising the supply bases while Stuart scouted ahead. Kekwick went south for provisions and more men, returning with 13 horses, rations for three months, however only a single man; Benjamin Head. On 2 March 1860 the three men left Chambers Creek, aiming to find the centre of Australia. As always, Stuart travelled light, taking only as much as could be carried on
4720-575: The return journey of his last expedition (1861–1862) being carried on a litter between two horses. He never recovered his health. He prepared his diaries for publication and on 23 April 1864 left aboard Indus for Britain, initially to visit his sister in Scotland. He died in London two years later, and was buried at Kensal Green Cemetery . While Stuart was responsible for naming a large number of topographical features for friends, backers and fellow explorers, he
4800-431: The same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Chambers brothers . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chambers_brothers&oldid=1145663450 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description
4880-554: The settled districts. Meanwhile, Stuart was entangled with other problems. Some of the land he had claimed and surveyed in the Chambers Creek district on his second trip had in fact already been explored and claimed by people attracted to the area by reports of Stuart's first trip. Stuart needed to return to Chambers Creek to re-survey his claims. He left Adelaide with a small party in August 1859. Having surveyed his own claim and several new claims on behalf of his sponsors, Stuart spent
SECTION 60
#17328384657314960-572: The source of the Nile . Stuart had solved that which he attempted with Capt. Sturt 15 years earlier – the riddle of the nature of the centre of the great Australian continent. He was awarded the Royal Geographical Society's Patron's Medal – becoming only the second person to receive both the Patron's Medal and a gold watch (the other was Dr Livingstone ). Belatedly, even the South Australian government started to recognise Stuart's abilities, and
5040-403: The south of Lake Torrens , then north along the western edge of Lake Torrens. He found an isolated chain of semi-permanent waterholes which he named Chambers' Creek (now called Stuart Creek). It later became crucially important as a staging post for expeditions to the arid centre of the continent. Continuing to the north-west, Stuart reached the vicinity of Coober Pedy (not realising that there
5120-441: The spring and summer exploring the area west of Lake Eyre, finding several more artesian springs. Working through the severe heat of summer, Stuart experienced trouble with his eyes because of the glare, and after some time enduring half rations, all but one of his men refused to leave camp. Contemptuously, Stuart sent them home. William Kekwick, his remaining companion, was reputed for his steadfastness and would stay with Stuart for
5200-454: The voyage. They arrived 17 January 1837, around two weeks late. The rest of the family, which included sister Priscilla Chambers, had a trouble-free voyage in the James Renwick , arriving off Largs Bay on 10 February 1837. Catherine and Mary's brother James Redin also emigrated, arriving with his wife on the Navarino on 21 February 1856. Margaret Goyder Kerr, in her book Colonial Dynasty –
5280-433: The younger Stuart was unable to work or travel for a year. Stuart returned to his trade as a private surveyor, spending more and more time in remote areas, and moving to Port Lincoln for several years before moving again to the northern Flinders Ranges where he worked for the wealthy pastoralists William Finke , James Chambers , and John Chambers , exploring, prospecting for minerals, and surveying pastoral leases. It
5360-603: Was John who formed the idea of sponsoring John McDouall Stuart 's expeditions across the continent. He supplied horses and provisions, and his employees formed Stuart's party. He died aged 74 at his home on the Bay Road , near Richmond, South Australia . John married Mary Redin (c. 1812 – 24 March 1904) in October 1836. Their children included: The Chambers brothers had a hands-off management style; their success owed much to their choice of employees: James Trussell (1826–1895) managed Cobdogla Station for 45 years. Neither brother
5440-497: Was a brother of Catherine and Mary Chambers, born in Newton Hall , Lincolnshire. He had been booked on the James Renwick in 1837 but withdrew at the last moment. According to Margaret Goyder Kerr ( op. cit. ) he never joined his relations in Australia but this is contradicted by the evidence: he arrived in South Australia ca.1855. His brother Thomas Redin (1814–) was booked on the John Renwick voyage of 1836 but no more information
5520-499: Was a fantastically rich opal field underfoot) before shortage of provisions and lack of feed for the horses forced him to turn towards the sea 500 kilometres to the south. A difficult journey along the edge of the Great Victorian Desert brought Stuart to Miller's Water (near present-day Ceduna ) and from there back to civilisation after four months and 2,400 kilometres. This expedition made Stuart's reputation and brought him
5600-519: Was a successful grazier and pastoralist in South Australia. Both he and brother James were livestock dealers in East Dereham , Norfolk, following their father's profession. He arrived in South Australia in the John Renwick on 10 February 1837 with wife Mary, brother Benjamin and sister Priscilla shortly after his brother James. He and his bullock dray were called on to assist the party of William Light , John Morphett and John Hack , which explored
5680-535: Was extreme and the party often delayed while Stuart searched for fodder and water. They were still in northern South Australia on 11 February, the day that Burke and Wills reached the Gulf of Carpentaria . With difficulty, Stuart's party had reached the MacDonnell Ranges when heavy rains came, allowing them to press on northwards at a much better pace. They reached Attack Creek on 24 April 1861, this time finding no sign of
5760-538: Was failing. Nevertheless, they found a major watercourse in early April which Stuart named the Finke River , and followed it north-west over the South Australian border to the MacDonnell Ranges , which he named after Sir Richard Graves MacDonnell , Governor of South Australia, on 12 April 1860. On 22 April 1860, according to Stuart's calculations, the party reached the centre of the continent. Stuart wrote: In fact
5840-453: Was honoured with a public breakfast at White's Rooms in Adelaide. James Chambers put forward a plan for Stuart and Kekwick to return north with a government-provided armed guard to see them past the difficulties at Attack Creek. The government prevaricated and quibbled about cost, personnel, and ultimate control of the expedition, but eventually agreed to contribute ten armed men and £2,500; and put Stuart in operational command. (In contrast,
5920-722: Was involved in public affairs; John was a popular member of the Adelaide Hunt Club and owned the Richmond House racing stables; both were involved in horse racing. John McDouall Stuart named the Mary River and the Fanny River for his daughters, and the William River for his second son, Benjamin Chambers (ca.1808 – May 1852) and his wife Emily (6 August 1810 – ) lived in Tombland, Norwich before emigrating with brother John on
6000-716: Was involved with the South Australian Jockey Club , and served as Clerk of Course in 1850. He sold his business to Simms & Hayter in 1853 for around £14,000 and holidayed in Long Sutton, Lincolnshire , where he had gained his horse-dealing experience. With his new-found knowledge of what was needed in South Australia, he was able to return in 1856 on the ship Albuera with a useful selection of horses, cattle and sheep. He and John dissolved their partnership and between 1854 and 1857 sold 1700 sq. miles (4403 km²) for £48,000, retaining 270 sq. miles (699 km²) in
6080-488: Was obvious: the proposed route was not only remote and (so far as European settlers were concerned) uninhabited, it was simply a vast blank space on the map. At much the same time, the wealthy rival colony Victoria was preparing the biggest and most lavishly equipped expedition in Australia's history; the Victorian Exploring Expedition, to be led by Robert O'Hara Burke. The South Australian government offered
6160-524: Was sparing in the use of his own name. Central Mount Stuart, which he reckoned to be the geographical centre of Australia, he had designated "Central Mount Sturt" to honour his friend Charles Sturt . Places named after Stuart include: A statue by James White honouring Stuart can be found in Victoria Square, Adelaide , while in Darwin , both a statue and a monument celebrate his achievements. In March 2010,
6240-718: Was the famous explorer Captain Charles Sturt , who had already solved the mystery of the inland-flowing rivers of New South Wales , in the process reaching and naming the Darling River , travelling the full length of the Murrumbidgee , and tracing the Murray to the sea. Stuart remained with the Survey Department until 1842 and then worked in the Mount Lofty Ranges as a private surveyor. In 1844 Captain Sturt embarked on an expedition into
6320-415: Was unable to negotiate with this group and considered it unsafe to continue. That night, with even the indefatigable Kekwick complaining of weakness, the explorers abandoned their attempt to reach the north coast and reluctantly turned south. It was 2,400 kilometres to Adelaide, all three men had scurvy, supplies were very short, the horses were in poor condition, and the country was drying out. Nevertheless,
6400-458: Was waiting on the tide at Glenelg. The prospectus they prepared gave an unrealistic picture of the ore bodies, falsely claimed the Government was planning a railway to the mine (the survey was to Mount Remarkable ), that the Burra proprietors had offered a large sum for the mine, and that it had the Governor ( Sir Richard MacDonnell )'s endorsement, and falsely named John Morphett as a director. While
#730269