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32-470: Cetingrad is today a municipality and part of Karlovac County in Croatia. According to Roman Catholic organization, the parish of Cetingrad is a part of Slunj deanery, together with Slunj, Blagaj, Cvitović, Lađevac, Rakovica, Drežnik, Vaganac, Zavalje, Korenica and Plitvice. Cetingrad was built in the vicinity of the ruins of the mediaeval fortress of Cetin . The Middle Ages was the golden era of Cetin. Near

64-561: Is a city in central Croatia . In the 2021 census, its population was 49,377. Karlovac is the administrative centre of Karlovac County . The city is located 56 kilometres (35 miles) southwest of Zagreb and 130 km (81 mi) northeast of Rijeka , and is connected to them via the A1 highway and the M202 railway . The city was named after its founder, Charles II, Archduke of Austria . The German name Karlstadt or Carlstadt ("Charlestown") has

96-662: Is a fort from the times of the Military Frontier . It was built as a six-side star fort in the 16th century at the point of confluence of four rivers. The town blossomed in the 18th and 19th century after being made a free town, with the development of roads between Pannonian Basin to the Adriatic Sea , and waterways along the Kupa river. The city is making use of its crucial geostrategic point in Croatia . The county itself extends towards

128-622: Is among most important documents of Croatian statehood and is preserved in Austrian State Archives in Vienna . In next centuries Cetin was part of Military Frontier , the borderland between Habsburg monarchy and Ottoman Empire . During this period Ottoman army took control over it several times. The fortress was several times damaged and repaired. In 1790 Austrian troops under the command of general Walisch finally returned back Cetin Castle to

160-573: Is divided: As of the 2011 census, the county had 128,899 residents. The population density is 36 people per km . Ethnic Croats form the majority with 86.1% of the population, followed by Serbs at 10.4%. The current Prefect of Karlovac County is Martina Furdek-Hajdin ( HDZ ). The county assembly is composed of 37 representatives from the following political parties: 45°29′35″N 15°33′21″E  /  45.49306°N 15.55583°E  / 45.49306; 15.55583 Karlovac Karlovac ( pronounced [kâːrloʋats] )

192-414: Is traditionally held, so during summer months Karlovac is center of young artists of Europe. In the 20th century, Karlovac was a breeding ground for young rock bands, most notably Elektroni in the 1960s and Nužni Izlaz, Prije svega disciplina, Duhovna pastva and Lorelei in the 1970s and the 1980s. The city of Karlovac has memorial-sites dedicated to Croatian veterans of the nation's Homeland War . and opened

224-669: The Adriatic Sea , and by marauding raids into the Ottoman hinterland. In 1615 their piracy went so far as creating an open war between Venice and Austria . When the Treaty of Paris (ratified in Madrid) was concluded in 1617, bringing an end to the war between Venice and the Habsburgs, under the terms of the treaty the Uskok families were forcibly removed from Senj and disbanded into the hinterland, most notably in

256-692: The Austro-Hungarian Empire . In 1990, City Council proclaimed Saint Joseph as city's patron saint . Karlovac suffered damage during the Croatian War of Independence (1991–1995). The southern sections of the city found themselves close to the front lines between the Republic of Croatia and the Republic of Serbian Krajina , with shelling devastating the neighborhoods of Turanj, Kamensko, as well as parts of Mekušje, Mala Švarča and Logorište. The city center,

288-477: The Croatian War of Independence . The village celebrates August 7 as its municipal day to commemorate its liberation from the rebel Republic of Serb Krajina on that day in 1995. Karlovac County Karlovac County ( Croatian : Karlovačka županija ) is a county in central Croatia , with the administrative center in Karlovac . It borders Bosnia and Herzegovina and Slovenia . The city of Karlovac

320-527: The Habsburg monarchy , Karlovac was one of the first headquarters of the general command of the Military Frontier . It was the site of the trial and execution of the best-known leader of the rebel Uskoks from the coastal fort of Senj , Ivan Vlatković . He was executed in Karlovac on 3 July 1612 as an example to his troops who were creating difficulties for the Habsburgs by their piracy against Venetian shipping on

352-560: The Žumberak hills north of Karlovac. The forces of the Ottoman Empire laid siege to Karlovac seven times, the last time in 1672, but failed to occupy it. The plague epidemic of 1773 also afflicted the city, killing almost half the population of the time. Meanwhile, the fort was becoming too crowded for the city's expanding population and the Military Frontier government could not allow for its further growth. On 6 December 1693

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384-624: The 18th and 19th centuries with the development of roads to the seaside and waterways along the Kupa River. The construction of the Zidani Most - Zagreb - Sisak railway line in 1861, however, marked the end of the era of Karlovac as a major trade and transport center. In the late 19th and early 20th century, Karlovac was a district capital in the Zagreb County of the Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia within

416-501: The Habsburg monarchy. In 1809 Ottoman forces once again occupied Cetin but in 1810 they withdrew under the threats of Marshal Marmont , governor-general of Illyrian provinces . When the Ottoman threat was gone the fortress was abandoned and used as quarry . Administrative control was transferred to village of Cetingrad which developed north to the Cetin. In the 19th and 20th century the area

448-508: The Protestant nobility of Inner Austria and the archduke Charles II of Austria . In exchange for their religious freedom the nobility agreed to finance the building of a new fortress against the Ottoman Empire . It was founded as a six-pointed star fortress built on the Zrinski estate near the old town of Dubovac at the confluence of the Kupa and Korana rivers. As the city later expanded,

480-428: The biggest in that part of Europe , named Aquatika was opened in Karlovac. Croatians know Karlovac as grad parkova (the city of parks) and grad na četiri rijeke (the town on four rivers) for its numerous green areas and four rivers, of which Mrežnica , Korana , and Kupa flow through built-up areas, and Dobra is a few kilometers outside the city centre. A documentary film made by Dušan Vukotić in 1979 on

512-576: The city hall, and numerous other buildings also suffered damage. It was also the site of the Korana bridge killings . The Karlovac City Museum has transformed the old Austrian military barracks of Turanj into a museum exhibition dedicated to the military history of Karlovac and in particular, through the exhibited weapons, of the Croatian War of Independence. A ticket for this site is also valid for City Museum, Galerija Vjekoslave Karas and Dubovac Castel. Until

544-654: The city neighboorhoods ( gradske četvrti ) and local administrative boards ( mjesni odbori ). The city neighborhoods are: The local administrative boards are: Karlovac Music School, one of the oldest educational music institutions from this part of Europe (established on 1 December 1804), is the home of Karlovac Piano Festival . Karlovac Piano Festival (founded in 2013) is typically held in mid-summer, and consists of master classes with renowned piano pedagogues as well as Karlovac International Piano Competition . Music school also hosts International guitar school, while in Karlovac theatre Zorin dom Croatian Flute Academy

576-643: The city received some limited self-government. After the Treaty of Karlowitz (1699) and the Ottomans withdrawal, Karlstadt was of less military significance. By the end of the 18th century, the town was a major marketplace for wheat, corn, salt, timber and tobacco, and the source of supply for the Austrian army in Austro-Turkish Wars. Queen Maria Theresa , after long insistence from the Croatian Diet , restored

608-618: The early 2000s, Karlovac's main industry consisted of brewing the beer " Karlovačko ", produced by Karlovačka pivovara . By 2007, the rapidly growing firearms manufacturer HS Produkt had become the city's largest private employer. HS Produkt is arguably best known as the designer and manufacturer of the HS2000 pistol, sold in the United States as the Springfield Armory XD. On 22 October 2016 Croatia's first freshwater aquarium, and

640-601: The equivalence in various languages: in Hungarian it is known as Károlyváros , in Italian as Carlovizza , in Latin as Carolostadium , and in Kajkavian dialect and Slovene as Karlovec. The Austrians built Karlovac from scratch in 1579 in order to strengthen their southern defences against Ottoman encroachments. The establishment of a new city-fortress was a part of the deal between

672-489: The foreign minister of Bosnia and Herzegovina Irfan Ljubijankić and six others were killed. In August 1995 during the Operation Storm Croatian army took Cetingrad. After 1995, Cetingrad was successfully rebuilt and large number of people returned to their homes. According to the 2011 census, Municipality of Cetingrad has the following ethnic breakdown: Cetingrad is home to a monument to Croatian soldiers from

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704-601: The former trenches dug around the old military fort that were once filled with water as an added layer of protection from the marauding Ottoman armies. One part of the city centre maintains the name of Šanac ('trench') after the old trenches which preserve the old hexagonal form of the historic centre. According to the 2011 census, Karlovac municipality had a total of 55,705 inhabitants. 49,140 of its citizens were Croats (88.21%), 4,460 were Serbs (8.01%), 250 were Bosniaks (0.45%), 237 were Albanians (0.43%), 72 were ethnic Macedonians (0.13%), 49 were Montenegrins (0.09%), and

736-632: The fortress there was Franciscan monastery and several churches. At that time Cetin was the property of Frankopan family and it played important role in History of Croatia . After defeat in Battle of Mohács in 1526, the Croatian nobility gathered at Cetin to conduct the 1527 election in Cetin , where they elected Habsburg Ferdinand I, Archduke of Austria as the king of Croatia . The charter signed by Croatian nobles and representatives of Ferdinand of Habsburg

768-520: The intent to hamper the Turkish advance. The fortress itself was largely complete by September 1580, while moats and ramparts were finished later, between 1582 and 1589. The first church (of the Holy Trinity ) was built in the central square in 1580, but all of the city buildings burned down in the fire of 1594. By 1610, moats and ramparts were repaired, and houses were rebuilt. As a military outpost of

800-508: The north to the water springs of Jamnica , and towards the south all the way down to the mountainous regions of Gorski Kotar and Lika , in particular to the Bjelolasica mountain which features the largest winter sport recreation center in the country. County day is celebrated on the 25 April . Patron saint of the County is Saint Joseph , who is also patron of Karlovac. Karlovac County

832-504: The occasion of the 400th anniversary of the founding of the city plays much on that theme, and shows pictures of happy bathers on the Korana's Fogina beach (Foginovo kupalište) in the city centre. One of the rarer trees found in the parks is the Ginkgo biloba , which local primary school children are taken out to see as part of their classes on nature and society. Most of the parks are planted in

864-525: The rest were other ethnicities. Population by religion in 2011 was following: 45,876 Roman Catholics (82.36%), 3,866 Orthodox Christians (6.94%), 2,806 Atheists (5.04%), 705 Muslims (1.27%), 488 Agnostics (0.88%), and others. Much of the population of Karlovac has changed since the beginning of the 1991–95 Croatian War of Independence , with numerous families of Croatian Serbs fleeing and being replaced by people who were themselves displaced from parts of Croatia that were held by rebel Serbs during

896-536: The towns of Karlovac and Rijeka (Fiume) to the Croatian crownland on 9 August 1776. Maria Theresa was also responsible for the founding of Gymnasium Karlovac , and later King Joseph II reaffirmed it as a free town with an official charter in 1781. This allowed the citizens to expand the city and exploit the potential of being at the crossroads of paths from the Pannonian plains to the Adriatic coast . The town blossomed in

928-584: The urban area reached as far as the Mrežnica and Dobra rivers. The star shape can still be seen around the town. It was originally known as Karlstadt ("Charles's Town" in German), after the ruling family, upon whose orders construction began on 13 July 1579. The architect of the city was Matija Gambon , whilst work on the new fortress was supervised by George Khevenhüller . It was intentionally built on terrain exposed to flooding and disease from unhealthy water, with

960-553: The war (such as from the town of Slunj ), as well as by families of Bosnian Croats who started arriving during the war. The migration outflow was mostly towards Serbia , the Republika Srpska entity in Bosnia and Herzegovina , and to countries of Western Europe , North America and Australia . The list of settlements included in the administrative area of the city of Karlovac includes: The administrative sections of Karlovac are

992-459: Was part of the Republic of Serb Krajina until 1995. Most of Cetingrad's population spent four years in exile. Serb rebels burnt and then destroyed the biggest Roman Catholic church in Slunj deanery (church of Assumption of Mary , crkva Marijina Uznesenja, built in 1891). The church was later rebuilt. In May 1995, Cetingrad was the site of a helicopter crash, caused by a missile fired by Serbs, in which

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1024-469: Was rarely populated and without any real opportunity for economic development. During World War II area once again experienced great suffering and destruction and after the war socialist Yugoslavia neglected this area. Due to poverty population was forced to migrate, first overseas and later to European countries. During the Yugoslav Wars , Cetingrad and the surrounding area was militarily conquered. It

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