Cesare Battisti (4 February 1875 – 12 July 1916) was an Italian patriot, geographer , socialist politician and journalist of Austrian citizenship, who became a prominent Irredentist at the start of World War I .
18-542: Cesare Battisti may refer to: Cesare Battisti (politician) (1875–1916), Italian politician Cesare Battisti (militant) (born 1954), former member of the Armed Proletarians for Communism in Italy Italian destroyer Cesare Battisti , in service 1927–1941 Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with
36-788: A status of autonomy for the Trentino region. Disgruntled by Austro-Hungarian attitudes to minorities in their empire, Battisti agreed to construct a military guide for the Italians to the Austrian provinces that bordered Italy. When Austria-Hungary mobilised in August 1914, Battisti fled with his family to the Kingdom of Italy , where he held public meetings demanding Italy join the Triple Entente forces against Austria. With Italy's entry into World War I following
54-689: A volunteer for Italy, in the First World War. On 10 July 1916 the Vicenza Battalion, formed by the 59th, 60th, and 61st Companies and a Marching Company commanded by Lieutenant Cesare Battisti, of which the second lieutenant Filzi was subordinate, received the order to occupy Monte Corno (m. 1765) on the right of the Leno in Vallarsa. He was taken prisoner together with Cesare Battisti on 10 July 1916 and recognized immediately after his superior. Almost certainly
72-596: The Bolzano Victory Monument . Both Trento and Bolzano had been under Austrian control until 1918. Fabio Filzi Fabio Filzi (20 November 1884 – 12 July 1916) was an ethnic Italian who was born in the Austria-Hungarian Empire but was a irredentist patriot whose firm belief was that the Italian portions of Austria-Hungarian Empire should be united with Italy. He was captured and executed by
90-552: The Buonconsiglio Castle , Austria-Hungarian Empire, now Buonconsiglio Castle in Italy. In Arzignano, a town where he was a guest before leaving for the front, a monument was dedicated to him. In September 1916, following the execution, Fabio's brother Fausto Filzi decided to return to Italy from Argentina, the place where he was working, to avenge his brother's martyrdom. Arriving in command of Verona on 21 October he volunteered in
108-723: The 1915 London Pact , though still an Austrian citizen, Battisti fought against the Austro-Hungarian Army in the Alpini Corps at the Italian Front . After the Battle of Asiago , he and his 2nd Lt Fabio Filzi were captured by the Austrian forces on 10 July 1916 and faced a court-martial in his hometown Trento at the Castello del Buonconsiglio , charged with high treason . Though Battisti officially enjoyed parliamentary immunity , he
126-584: The Austria-Hungarian Army with his superior Cesare Battisti . He was born in Pisino , Istria (now Pazin, Croatia ), the second of the four sons of Giovanni Battista (1852-1933) and Amelia Ivancich (1861-1942). His mother was an Istrian Italian native of Pisino. His father was originally from Borgo Sacco, near Rovereto , but worked as a teacher of classical philology in the high schools of Pisino and Capodistria (now Koper, Slovenia ). In 1892 he obtained
144-462: The Austrians had been informed for some days of the presence of Battisti in the area, but not that of Filzi. In the episode, the Trentino soldier Bruno Franceschini, an Austrian soldier, was present during the hours of the capture of the two irredentists. With Battisti, he was brought to Trento, tried and sentenced to death for high treason. The sentence was executed by hanging at 19.30 on 12 July 1916 in
162-760: The Austro-Hungarian empire and promised his commitment to the cause of the Italians in the unredeemed lands. In the meantime he attended university studies, enrolling at the same time in Graz at the faculty of law and in Trieste at the "Revoltella" commercial school. He took an active part in the National League, the Society of Trentino students and the Giovine Trieste. In November 1906 he went with his brother Ezio to Graz to join
180-533: The Germans that had caused a death, several injuries and numerous arrests among the Italians, including Cesare Battisti ; following these events, Filzi was head of the Rovereto protest movement. In the same year, he was conscripted, and placed in the 4th hunting regiment of Salzburg of the Austria-Hungarian Empire. In November he ended up under investigation on charges of having favoured the desertion of an Italian comrade; he
198-464: The Italian students who, asking for more government concessions in school, had blocked university activities. Both were injured in clashes with German ethnic elements. After graduating in law from the University of Graz in 1910, he returned first to Trieste and then to Rovereto, where he devoted himself to being a lawyer at the law firm of Antonio Piscel. He deserted the Austro-Hungarian army to fight, as
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#1732852187245216-512: The chair at the high school of Rovereto and returned to Trentino, bringing the family with him. As a result, Filzi began his high school studies in Koper and finished them brilliantly in Rovereto in 1902. He came into contact with the irredentist circles of Trentino in 1901–1903. In 1904, at the inauguration of the Italian law faculty of the University of Innsbruck , there had been clashes instigated by
234-518: The job so that Battisti actually was hanged twice. The smiling execution squad posed with his body for photographs, which when later published did severe damage to Austria's reputation. The author Karl Kraus applied a picture as frontispiece of his 1922 play Die letzten Tage der Menschheit ( The Last Days of Mankind ). Battisti is considered a national hero in Italy and several memorials were dedicated to him in Rome as well as in his hometown Trento and at
252-718: The predominantly German -speaking areas of South Tyrol up to the Brenner Pass . In 1899, he married Ernesta Bittanti in a civil ceremony. The couple had three sons. A journalist by profession and a member of the Social Democratic Workers' Party of Austria , he was elected as a representative to the Tyrolean Landtag assembly at Innsbruck as well as to the Austrian Imperial Council ( Reichsrat ) at Vienna in 1911, where he vainly tried to obtain
270-519: The title Cesare Battisti . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cesare_Battisti&oldid=1216562213 " Categories : Disambiguation pages Human name disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Cesare Battisti (politician) He
288-444: Was acquitted but was dismissed as "politically suspect" at the time of discharge. In the following years he was recalled three times, as usual, for military exercises and on one of these occasions he challenged an officer to a duel who had pronounced insults against Italy; only the intervention of the commander averted the clash. In 1905, in the presence of some Treviso gymnasts visiting Rovereto, he recited an impassioned speech against
306-647: Was born the son of a merchant at Trento , a city with a predominantly Italian -speaking population, which at the time was part of the Cisleithanian crown land of Tyrol in Austria-Hungary . Battisti attended the University of Florence , where he became a follower of the Italian irredentism movement, aiming at the unification of his Trentino homeland with the Kingdom of Italy , though contrary to activists like Ettore Tolomei and Gabriele d'Annunzio he did not claim
324-470: Was sentenced to death by strangulation . He requested a military execution by firing squad so as to not dishonour the Italian Army uniform, but the judge denied his request and instead procured for him some shabby civilian clothes. Dressed in these, he was executed (hanged and garrotted ) the same day, the brutality of which was increased by the fact that executioner Josef Lang [ de ] botched
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