Misplaced Pages

#468531

77-693: The association's National Administration Centre and Head Office is in Bolton , England . CPAA offers the designations of Certified Public Accountant (ACPA or FCPA). The American CPA Institute is the main accounting qualification in the United States ; there are also many CPAs in China, Australia, and elsewhere. CPAA was founded in 1989 to offer a British version. The association admits members based on either their existing professional accounting body memberships, accountancy qualifications, or experience. As of April 2015 it

154-536: A private day school , was founded on a site next to the parish church in 1524 as a grammar school for boys; it merged around 1656 with a free grammar school (Lever's grammar) that had been founded shortly after 1641. In 1898, it moved to its present site in Chorley New Road, and in 1913 merged with Bolton Girls' Day School. In 1855 the Bolton Church Institute was founded by Canon James Slade near to

231-485: A footprint was left in the stone floor. It is a Grade I listed building and is now a museum. Hall i' th' Wood , now a museum, is a late mediaeval yeoman farmer's house built by Laurence Brownlow. Around 1637 it was owned by the Norris family, who added the stone west wing. In the 18th century it was divided up into tenements. Samuel Crompton lived and worked there. In the 19th century it deteriorated further until in 1895 it

308-457: A game against Queens Park Rangers on 24 August 2013. The statue, which cost £100,000 and funded via the generosity of public donations and sponsors, is situated near to the south-west corner of the stadium and was officially revealed by club owner Eddie Davies in a special ceremony. Club chaplain Phil Mason, chairman Phil Gartside and the son of Nat Lofthouse – Jeff Lofthouse, also took part in

385-496: A market town and borough by a charter from the Earl of Derby, William de Ferrers, on 14 January 1253, and a market was held until the 18th century. Burgage plots were laid out on Churchgate and Deansgate in the centre of the medieval town close to where Ye Olde Man & Scythe public house, dating from 1251, is situated today. In 1337 Flemish weavers settled and introduced the manufacture of woollen cloth. More Flemish weavers, fleeing

462-694: A population of 262,400. Bolton originated as a small settlement in the moorland known as Bolton le Moors . In the English Civil War , the town was a Parliamentarian outpost in 1644 in a staunchly Royalist region and, as a result, the Royalist Prince Rupert of the Rhine led the 1644 storming of Bolton of 3,000 Royalist troops in which is also referred to as The Bolton Massacre , with 1,600 residents perished and 700 were taken prisoner. Bolton Wanderers football club now play home games at

539-577: A practising public accountant to the general public/business community, must be in possession of a valid, current practising certificate. For a firm to use the designation Certified Public Accountant(s), all the partners or directors/shareholders must be members of the association and the principal must hold a current practising certificate. Since 2015, CPAA has been recognised as a body whose members are permitted to act as Independent Examiners of accounts for charities in England and Wales. Bolton This

616-547: A significant employer in the town. By 1900 Bolton was Lancashire's third largest engineering centre after Manchester and Oldham. About 9,000 men were employed in the industry, half of them working for Dobson and Barlow in Kay Street. Another engineering company Hick, Hargreaves & Co based at the Soho Foundry made Lancashire boilers and heavy machinery. Thomas Ryder and Son of Turner Bridge manufactured machine tools for

693-437: A small area in the town centre, but until the 19th century it covered a much larger area, divided into eighteen chapelries and townships. The neighbouring ancient parish of Deane centred around St Mary's Church once covered a large area to the west and south of Bolton, and the township of Great Lever was part of the ancient parish of Middleton . Toughsheet Community Stadium The Toughsheet Community Stadium

770-621: Is a football stadium in Horwich , Bolton , Greater Manchester , England, and is the home ground of Bolton Wanderers Football Club , with an all-seated capacity of 28,723. Opening in 1997, it was originally named the Reebok Stadium, after club sponsors Reebok . In 2014, Bolton Wanderers signed a naming rights deal with Italian sportswear company Macron . It was renamed the University of Bolton Stadium in 2018. From 1 July 2023 it became known as

847-656: Is a large £300 million development with the University of Bolton at its core. Bolton is pursuing major redevelopment projects in its town centre, including the regeneration of Crompton Place and Church Wharf areas, aimed at promoting residential, commercial, and leisure spaces. Situated in the town centre on the site of a former market is the Grade II* listed town hall , an imposing neoclassical building designed by William Hill and opened in June 1873 by Albert Edward, Prince of Wales . In

SECTION 10

#1732848899469

924-547: Is a pun on the Bolton-super-Moras version of the name meaning literally, "Bolton on the moors". The name itself is referred to in the badge of the Bolton Metropolitan Borough Council using a form of visual pun, a rebus , in combining motifs of arrow for 'bolt' and heraldic crown for 'tun', the term for the central high point of a defensive position that is the etymon of the suffix of Bolton. There

1001-546: Is an accepted version of this page Bolton ( / ˈ b oʊ l t ən / BOHL -tən , locally / ˈ b oʊ t ən / BOH -tən ) is a town in Greater Manchester in England. In the foothills of the West Pennine Moors , Bolton is between Manchester , Blackburn , Wigan , Bury and Salford . It is surrounded by several towns and villages that form the wider borough , of which Bolton

1078-505: Is claimed that Agricola built a fort at Blackrod by clearing land above the forest. Evidence of a Saxon settlement exists in the form of religious objects found when the Victorian parish church was built. In 1067 Great Bolton was the property of Roger de Poitou and after 1100, of Roger de Meresheys. Bolton became the property of the Pilkington family until they forfeited the land in

1155-501: Is evidence of human existence on the moors around Bolton since the early part of the Bronze Age , including a stone circle on Cheetham Close above Egerton , and Bronze Age burial mounds on Winter Hill . A Bronze Age mound was excavated in Victorian times outside Haulgh Hall. The Romans built roads from Manchester to Ribchester to the east and a road along what is now the A6 to the west. It

1232-405: Is the administrative centre . The town is within the historic county boundaries of Lancashire . A former mill town , Bolton has been a centre for textile production since the 14th century when Flemish weavers settled in the area, introducing a wool and cotton-weaving tradition. It was a 19th-century boomtown , development largely coincided with the introduction of textile manufacture during

1309-580: The 1994-95 season . Bolton were still in the Third Division at that stage, but were aiming for promotion - which was finally achieved in 1993. By that time, the club's owners had decided to relocate to a new all-seater stadium away from Burnden Park and, by 1995, had identified a location at Horwich as the preferred site of a new stadium. The lead consultant/architect of the project was Lobb Sports, while local firm Bradshaw Gass & Hope acted as planning supervisors and quantity surveyors . The contractor

1386-573: The British Aerospace (BAe) factory in Lostock , now closed. The Reebok brand's European headquarters are located at the Reebok Stadium . Bolton is also the home of the family bakery, Warburtons , established in 1876 on Blackburn Road. On 13 February 2003, Bolton was granted Fairtrade Town status. Bolton attracts visitors to its shopping centres, markets, public houses, restaurants and cafes in

1463-506: The Huguenot persecutions, settled here in the 17th century. The second wave of settlers wove fustian , a rough cloth made of linen and cotton. Digging sea coal was recorded in 1374. There was an outbreak of the plague in the town in 1623. During the English Civil War , the people of Bolton were Puritans and supported the Parliamentarian cause. A parliamentary garrison in the town

1540-633: The Lever Bank Bleach Works in the Irwell Valley. The mule revolutionised cotton spinning by combining the roller drafting of Arkwright's water frame with the carriage drafting and spindle tip twisting of James Hargreaves 's spinning jenny , producing a high quality yarn. Self-acting mules were used in Bolton mills until the 1960s producing fine yarn. The earliest mills were situated by the streams and river as at Barrow Bridge , but steam power led to

1617-549: The Manchester Bolton & Bury Canal providing the owners with markets in Bolton and Manchester. Coal mining declined in the 20th century. Important transport links contributed to the growth of the town and the textile industry; the Manchester Bolton & Bury Canal constructed in 1791, connected the town to Bury and Manchester providing transport for coal and other basic materials. The Bolton and Leigh Railway ,

SECTION 20

#1732848899469

1694-532: The Manchester to Preston Line . Football specials used to operate to and from the station on matchdays in the past, but not in recent years . When the Wanderers play at home, bus services are laid on by the club from across the borough. On non-matchdays, Horwich Parkway is served by two trains an hour in each direction, operated by Northern . Numerous routes serve bus stops near or at the ground, operated by TfGM under

1771-591: The Office for National Statistics , the Urban Subdivision of Bolton was part of the Greater Manchester Urban Area and had a total resident population of 139,403, of which 67,823 (48.7%) were male and 71,580 (51.3%) were female, living in 57,827 households. The settlement occupied 4,446 hectares (17.17 sq mi), compared with 2,992 hectares (11.55 sq mi) in the 1991 census, though

1848-644: The River Croal flows in a southeasterly direction towards the River Irwell . The geological formation around Bolton consists of sandstones of the Carboniferous series and Coal Measures ; in the northern part of Bolton the lower Coal Measures are mixed with underlying Millstone Grit . Climate in the Greater Manchester area is generally similar to the climate of England , although owing to protection from

1925-708: The Toughsheet Community Stadium in Horwich . Cultural interests include the Octagon Theatre and the Bolton Museum and Art Gallery, as well as one of the earliest public libraries established after the Public Libraries Act 1850 . Bolton is a common Northern English name derived from the Old English bothl - tun , meaning a settlement with a dwelling. The first recorded use of the name, in

2002-773: The Wars of the Roses . The land was given to the Stanley family and thus the Earls of Derby who became royalists in the English Civil War . The area surrounding Bolton was subsequently divided into four parts including the Stanley family, the Earl of Bradford , a Freeman and various other parties. Great Bolton and Little Bolton were part of the Marsey fee, in 1212 Little Bolton was held by Roger de Bolton as plough-land, by

2079-600: The Winter Hill TV Mast on the West Pennine Moors above the town. Bolton is well served by the local road network and national routes. The A6 , a major north–south trunk road , passes to the west through Hunger Hill and Westhoughton. The A666 dual carriageway , is a spur to and from the M61 motorway through the town centre to Astley Bridge, Egerton, Darwen and Blackburn. The M61 has three dedicated junctions serving

2156-638: The 1920s. A brief upturn after the Second World War was not sustained, and the industry had virtually vanished by the end of the 20th century. During the night of 26 September 1916, Bolton was the target for an aerial offensive. L21 , a Zeppelin commanded by Oberleutnant Kurt Frankenburg of the Imperial German Navy , dropped twenty-one bombs on the town, five of them on the working class area of Kirk Street, killing thirteen residents and destroying six houses. Further attacks followed on other parts of

2233-470: The 1930s the building was extended by Bradshaw Gass & Hope . Within the Town Hall are the 'Albert Halls and several function rooms. The original, single Albert Hall was destroyed by fire on 14 November 1981. After rebuilding work, it was replaced by the present Albert Halls , which were opened in 1985. The halls underwent a major restoration project, reopening in 2017. The Great Hall of Smithills Hall

2310-539: The 19th century. Crompton, whilst living at Hall i' th' Wood , invented the spinning mule in 1779. Streams draining the surrounding moorland into the River Croal provided the water necessary for the bleach works that were a feature of this area. Bleaching using chlorine was introduced in the 1790s by the Ainsworths at Halliwell Bleachworks. Bolton and the surrounding villages had more than thirty bleachworks including

2387-526: The 2001 Urban census area contains a large rural area to the south of the town. Its population density was 31.35 people per hectare compared with an average of 40.20 across the Greater Manchester Urban Area. The median age of the population was 35, compared with 36 within the Greater Manchester Urban Area and 37 across England and Wales. The majority of the population of Bolton were born in England (87.10%); 2.05% were born elsewhere within

Certified Public Accountants Association - Misplaced Pages Continue

2464-626: The Chadwick Orphanage, improved the Bolton Workhouse and funded the towns natural history museum that was the basis of the present Bolton Museum at Le Mans Crescent, the original museum was in a building at Queens Park . The second statue at Victoria Square is in memory of a former Bolton Mayor Sir Benjamin Alfred Dobson (1847–1898) who died in office in 1898, he was a textile machinery manufacturer and chairman of Dobson & Barlow ,

2541-553: The Industrial Revolution . At its peak in 1929, its 216  cotton mills and 26 bleaching and dyeing works made it one of the largest and most productive centres of cotton spinning in the world. The British cotton industry declined sharply after the First World War and, by the 1980s, cotton manufacture had virtually ceased in the town. The town has a population of 139,403, whilst the wider metropolitan borough has

2618-494: The Market Place, Wood Street and Holy Trinity Church . The Market Hall of 1854 is a Grade II listed building. Outside the town centre can be found Mere Hall, Firwood Fold , Haulgh Hall, Park Cottage, St Mary's Church, Deane, Lostock Hall Gatehouse and All Souls Church . Notable mills still overlooking parts of the town are Sir John Holden's Mill and Swan Lane Mills . Most views northwards are dominated by Rivington Pike and

2695-566: The Metropolitan Borough of Bolton in Greater Manchester. Bolton unsuccessfully applied for city status in 2011. Bolton Council is divided into twenty wards, each of which elects three councillors for a term of up to four years. Under the Reform Act of 1832 , a Parliamentary Borough was established. The Bolton constituency was represented by two Members of Parliament (MPs). The Parliamentary Borough continued until 1950 when it

2772-484: The Toughsheet Community Stadium, after a Bolton-based recyclable building product manufacturer. A hotel forms part of the stadium and some of the rooms offer views of the pitch. The stadium is an all-seater stadium with a capacity of almost 29,000 and was completed in 1997, replacing the club's old ground, Burnden Park . By the 1980s, Burnden Park, which at its peak had held up to 60,000 spectators,

2849-558: The United Kingdom, 1.45% within the rest of the European Union, and 9.38% elsewhere in the world. Data on religious beliefs across the town in the 2001 census show that 67.9% declared themselves to be Christian , 12.5% stated that they were Muslim , 8.6% said they held no religion, and 3.4% reported themselves as Hindu . At the time of the 2001 Census, 56,390 people resident in Bolton were in employment. Of these, 21.13% worked in

2926-462: The actual Courts were closed. In the same year it was a venue for COVID-19 vaccinations. A professional snooker tournament, the 2021 Champion of Champions , was hosted at the stadium between 15 and 21 November 2021. The stadium has also hosted seven rugby league matches. In 2018, the stadium hosted the first ever double-header semi-finals of the Challenge Cup , repeated in 2019. In 2014,

3003-440: The basis of an illustrated book "Bolton – as it is and as it might be". In 1924, Leverhulme presented Bolton Council with an ambitious plan to rebuild the town centre based on Mawson's designs funded partly by himself. The council declined in favour of extending the town hall and building the civic centre. Lying within the county boundaries of Lancashire , until the early 19th century, Great Bolton and Little Bolton were two of

3080-408: The borough was extended further by adding the civil parishes of Breightmet, Darcy Lever, Great Lever, the rest of Halliwell, Heaton , Lostock , Middle Hulton , the rest of Rumworth which had been renamed Deane in 1894, Smithills, and Tonge plus Astley Bridge Urban District, and part of Over Hulton civil parish. The County Borough of Bolton was abolished in 1974 and became a constituent part of

3157-517: The borough. A network of local buses coordinated by Transport for Greater Manchester serves the Bolton district and beyond; bus operators include Go North West and Diamond North West , both under the TfGM branding of Bee Network . Bolton is also served by the National Express coach network. The bus station on Moor Lane was scheduled to be replaced by a new interchange in the town centre next to

Certified Public Accountants Association - Misplaced Pages Continue

3234-531: The borough. Bolton Sixth Form College comprises the Town Centre Campus and Farnworth Campus. The Bolton TIC (Technical Innovation Centre), opened in 2006, supports local schools by providing additional technical training. The University of Bolton , formerly the Bolton Institute of Higher Education, gained university status in 2005. There is evidence from Saxon times of Christian churches and at

3311-440: The ceremony as did sculptor Sean Hedges-Quinn . Hedges-Quinn had taken 18 months overall to complete the project having worked successfully on the statues such as that of Bob Stokoe at The Stadium of Light , Ted Bates at St Mary's Stadium and Sir Bobby Robson and Alf Ramsey at Portman Road . The stadium's West Stand lies about 200 metres from Horwich Parkway railway station situated between Lostock and Blackrod on

3388-445: The club established Bolton Wanderers Free School at the stadium. It was a sixth form centre offering sports and related courses for 16- to 19-year-olds, and utilised the facilities of the stadium for most of its teaching and learning. However, this closed in 2017 due to low pupil numbers which made it 'not financially viable'. Bolton Wanderers unveiled a bronze statue of their most famous player, Nat Lofthouse (1925–2011), prior to

3465-631: The construction of the large multi-storey mills and their chimneys that dominated Bolton's skyline, some of which survive today. Growth of the textile industry was assisted by the availability of coal in the area. By 1896 John Fletcher had coal mines at Ladyshore in Little Lever ; The Earl of Bradford had a coal mine at Great Lever ; the Darcy Lever Coal Company had mines at Darcy Lever and there were coal mines at Tonge , Breightmet , Deane and Doffcocker . Some of these pits were close to

3542-641: The deal set to last for five years. The stadium has hosted concerts by Oasis , Pink , Elton John , Coldplay , The Killers , Little Mix and Rod Stewart . The music video for Coldplay’s 2005 single Fix You uses footage filmed at their Horwich concerts. The track was performed twice on each night so enough footage could be captured. The stadium also hosted the UK Open Darts Championship , boxing matches with local boxer Amir Khan and in 2011 Premiership rugby union , when Sale Sharks lost to London Irish . It will also host group matches and

3619-470: The eighteen townships of the ecclesiastical parish of Bolton le Moors . These townships were separated by the River Croal , Little Bolton on the north bank and Great Bolton on the south. Bolton Poor Law Union was formed on 1 February 1837. It continued using existing poorhouses at Fletcher Street and Turton but in 1856 started to build a new workhouse at Fishpool Farm in Farnworth. Townleys Hospital

3696-439: The form Boelton , dates from 1185 to describe Bolton le Moors, though this may not be in relation to a dwelling. It was recorded as Bothelton in 1212, Botelton in 1257, Boulton in 1288, and Bolton after 1307. Later forms of Botheltun were Bodeltown, Botheltun-le-Moors, Bowelton, Boltune, Bolton-super-Moras, Bolton-in-ye-Moors, Bolton-le-Moors. The town's motto of Supera Moras means "overcome difficulties" (or "delays"), and

3773-550: The former Westhoughton constituency . Under the town twinning scheme the local council have twinned Bolton with Le Mans in France, since 1967, and Paderborn in Germany, since 1975. It is surrounded by several neighbouring towns and villages that together form the Borough of Bolton , of which Bolton is the administrative centre . The town of Bolton has a population of 139,403, whilst

3850-563: The international motor industry. Wrought iron was produced for more than 100 years at Thomas Walmsley and Sons ' Atlas Forge. By 1911 the textile industry in Bolton employed about 36,000 people. As of 1920, the Bolton Cardroom Union had more than 15,000 members, while the Bolton Weavers' Association represented 13,500 workers. The last mill to be constructed was Sir John Holden's Mill in 1927. The cotton industry declined from

3927-469: The largest and most productive centres of cotton spinning in the world. The British cotton industry declined sharply after the First World War and, by the 1980s, cotton manufacture had virtually ceased in Bolton. A tradition of cottage spinning and weaving and improvements to spinning technology by local inventors, Richard Arkwright and Samuel Crompton , led to rapid growth of the textile industry in

SECTION 50

#1732848899469

4004-554: The mountains in North Wales it experiences slightly lower than average rainfall except during the summer months, when rainfall is higher than average. Bolton has mild differences between highs and lows, and there is adequate rainfall year-round. The Köppen Climate Classification subtype for this climate is " Cfb " (Marine West Coast Climate/ Oceanic climate ). At the time of the United Kingdom Census 2001 , according to

4081-556: The oldest in Lancashire, opened to goods traffic in 1828 and Great Moor Street station opened to passengers in 1831. The railway initially connected Bolton to the Leeds and Liverpool Canal in Leigh , an important link with the port of Liverpool for the import of raw cotton from America, but was extended in 1829 to link up with the Manchester to Liverpool Line . Local firms built locomotives for

4158-412: The parish church. The school became Canon Slade School , which has since relocated to Bradshaw . The town's other secondary schools include Bolton St Catherine's Academy , Ladybridge High School , Rivington and Blackrod High School , Sharples School , Smithills School , Thornleigh Salesian College , and University Collegiate School . Bolton College provides further education from sites throughout

4235-423: The quarter-final of the Rugby League World Cup in 2021. The venue's Premier Suite is home to the UK's leading amateur mixed martial arts event, Full Contact Contender. In August 2019, the stadium hosted a campaign rally by Labour Party leader Jeremy Corbyn . In March and April 2021, the stadium held Crown Court cases due to the large amount that had built up as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic whilst

4312-416: The railway station by the end of 2014, at a cost of £48 million. Bolton Interchange is managed by Northern ; the railway station is part of a town centre transport interchange with services to Manchester, Wigan, Southport, Kirkby, Blackburn, Preston, Blackpool, Barrow in Furness, Windermere, Glasgow, Edinburgh and intermediate stations operated by Northern and TransPennine Express . Bolton School ,

4389-494: The railway, in 1830 "Union" was built by Rothwell, Hick and Company and two locomotives, "Salamander" and "Veteran" were built by Crook and Dean. Bolton's first Mayor, Charles James Darbishire was sympathetic to Chartism and a supporter of the Anti-Corn Law League . In August 1839 Bolton was besieged by Chartist rioters and the Riot Act was read and special constables sworn in. The mayor accompanied soldiers called to rescue special constables at Little Bolton Town Hall , which

4466-417: The service of the twelfth part of a knight's fee to Randle de Marsey. The parish church in Bolton has an early foundation although the exact date is unknown; it was given by the lord of the manor to the Gilbertine canons of Mattersey Priory in Nottinghamshire, founded by Roger de Marsey. A charter to hold a market in Churchgate was granted on 14 December 1251 by King Henry III of England . Bolton became

4543-419: The time of the Civil War a Puritan and nonconformist presence in the town. The Unitarians were among the early dissenting congregations which eventually included Methodists , Baptists, Seventh Day Adventist and other denominations. More than forty churches were built during the Victorian era, but some have now been closed, demolished or converted to other uses. Today, the parish of Bolton-le-Moors covers

4620-414: The time. The stadium consists of four stands: The Carrs Pasties (North) Stand at one end; the South Stand (Franking Sense and also the away end) at the other end; the Kia (West) Stand at one side of the pitch; and the Nat Lofthouse (east) Stand on the other side. When the stadium was named after long-time team sponsor Reebok in 1997, fans considered the title impersonal and believed that too much emphasis

4697-642: The town centre as well retail parks and leisure facilities close to the town centre and in the surrounding towns and suburbs. Tourism plays a part in the economy, visitor attractions include Hall i' th' Wood , Smithills Hall and Country Park, Last Drop Village, Barrow Bridge and the Bolton Steam Museum . There are several regeneration projects planned for Bolton over the next ten years, including Church Wharf by Ask Developments and Bluemantle and Merchant's Quarter by local developer Charles Topham group, which together will contribute 1,000,000 square feet (93,000 m ) of business space. The Bolton Innovation Zone

SECTION 60

#1732848899469

4774-502: The town with 67 acres (270,000 m ) of land for a public park which the corporation named Leverhulme Park in 1914. In 1902 he gave the people of Bolton Lever Park at Rivington . In 1911, Lever consulted Thomas Mawson , landscape architect and lecturer in Landscape Design at the University of Liverpool, regarding town planning in Bolton. Mawson published "Bolton – a Study in Town Planning and Civic Art" and gave lectures entitled "Bolton Housing and Town Planning Society" which formed

4851-502: The town, including three incendiaries dropped close to the Town Hall. In 1899 William Lever, Lord Leverhulme , bought Hall i'th' Wood as a memorial to Samuel Crompton inventor of the spinning mule. Lever restored the dilapidated building and presented it to the town in 1902, having turned it into a museum furnished with household goods typical of domestic family life in the 16th and 17th centuries. Lever re-endowed Bolton Schools , giving land and his house on Chorley New Road. He presented

4928-614: The wholesale and retail trade, including repair of motor vehicles; 18.71% worked within manufacturing industry; 11.00% worked within the health and social work sector and 6.81% were employed in the transport, storage and communication industries. In the last quarter of the 20th century heavy industry was replaced by service-based activities including data processing, call centres, hi-tech electronics and IT companies. The town retains some traditional industries employing people in paper-manufacturing, packaging, textiles, transportation, steel foundries and building materials. Missiles were produced at

5005-425: The wider metropolitan borough has a population of 262,400. Close to the West Pennine Moors , Bolton is 10 miles (16 km) north-west of Manchester . The early name, Bolton le Moors, described the position of the town amid the low hills on the edge of the West Pennine Moors southeast of Rivington Pike (456 m). Bolton lies on relatively flat land on both sides of the clough or steep-banked valley through which

5082-416: Was Birse Construction , and Deakin Callard & Partners provided structural engineering services. The value of the contract was £25 million (US$ 42.1 million). The stadium is noted for its distinctive gabled architecture, first pioneered by the Kirklees Stadium . The stadium was opened in 1997 by John Prescott , a Labour Party politician, who was the Deputy Prime Minister of the United Kingdom at

5159-451: Was "proud" to be associated with Macron and had "been very impressed with their [Macron's] passion for football". A four-year duration was negotiated for the Macron deal and the club had the option to extend at completion. When the deal with Macron came to an end in August 2018, the stadium was again renamed, this time as the University of Bolton Stadium. On 1 July 2023, the stadium name was changed to The Toughsheet Community Stadium, with

5236-508: Was a description borne "more of irritation than accuracy". At the end of the Civil War, Lord Derby was tried as a traitor at Chester and condemned to death. When his appeal for pardon to parliament was rejected he attempted to escape but was recaptured. For his part in the massacre, he was executed outside Ye Olde Man & Scythe Inn on 15 October 1651. Bolton was a 19th-century boomtown and, at its zenith in 1929, its 216  cotton mills and 26 bleaching and dyeing works made it one of

5313-405: Was abolished and replaced with two parliamentary constituencies, Bolton East and Bolton West , each with one Member of Parliament. In 1983 Bolton East was abolished and two new constituencies were created, Bolton North East , and Bolton South East covering most of the former Farnworth constituency . At the same time major boundary changes also took place to Bolton West, which took over most of

5390-437: Was attacked twice without success but on 28 May 1644 Prince Rupert's Royalist army with troops under the command of the Earl of Derby attacked again. The attack became known as the Bolton Massacre in which 1,500 died, 700 were taken prisoner and the town plundered. The attackers took to referring to the town as the "Geneva of the North", referencing Geneva 's dominant Calvinism , although historian Malcolm Hardman says this

5467-405: Was becoming increasingly dilapidated, and a section of terracing was sold off for redevelopment as a supermarket to help pay off the club's rising debts. Bolton Wanderers had dropped into the Third Division in 1983 and later spent a season in the Fourth Division. In January 1990, the Taylor Report required all clubs in the first and second tiers of the English league to have an all-seater stadium by

5544-529: Was being placed on financial considerations. That opposition lessened considerably after the stadium was built, as fans grew accustomed to the name and were bolstered by Reebok's status as a local company. The Macron branding was applied in July 2014, after the Bolton Wanderers club finalised a partnership with the large Italian sportswear brand. In April 2014, long-serving club chairman Phil Gartside stated that he

5621-559: Was besieged by a mob, and the incident ended without bloodshed. Derby Barracks was established in Fletcher Street in the early 1860s. One of two statues prominent on Victoria Square near Bolton Town Hall is that of Samuel Taylor Chadwick (1809 – 3 May 1876) a philanthropist who donated funds to Bolton Hospital to create an ear, nose and throat ward. Built houses for people living in cellars, through Bolton Council fought for better public health including cleaner water, established

5698-487: Was bought by industrialist William Hesketh Lever , who restored it and presented it to Bolton Council in 1900. Bolton's 26 conservation areas contain 700 listed buildings, many of which are in the town centre, and there is parkland including the Victorian Queen's Park , Leverhulme Park and other open spaces in the surrounding area. These include Le Mans Crescent, Ye Olde Man & Scythe, Little Bolton Town Hall,

5775-576: Was built in the 14th century when William de Radcliffe received the Manor of Smithills from the Hultons, the chapel dates from the 16th century and was extended during the 19th. Smithills Hall was where, in 1555, George Marsh was tried for heresy during the Marian Persecutions . After being "examined" at Smithills, according to local tradition, George Marsh stamped his foot so hard to re-affirm his faith, that

5852-637: Was built on the site which is now Royal Bolton Hospital . In 1838 Great Bolton, most of Little Bolton and the Haulgh area of Tonge with Haulgh were incorporated under the Municipal Corporations Act 1835 as a municipal borough , the second to be created in England. Further additions were made adding part of Rumworth in 1872 and part of Halliwell in 1877. In 1889 Bolton was granted County Borough status and became self-governing and independent from Lancashire County Council jurisdiction. In 1898,

5929-536: Was pursuing Ofqual recognition as an awarding body; a 2018 document stated that by 2022 it could begin preparations for an application to Ofqual. Entry requirements include membership of a member body recognised by the International Federation of Accountants and completion of a practical assessment of their work. Members wishing to use the designation Certified Public Accountant, or the designatory letters ACPA/ FCPA, in connection with offering services as

#468531