Cayoosh Creek is a northeast-flowing tributary of the Seton River in the Canadian province of British Columbia . The name Cayoosh Creek remains on the bridge-sign crossing the stream on BC Highway 99 and continues in use locally to refer to the final reaches of the Seton River, formerly Seton Creek, which prior to the renaming ending at the confluence with Cayoosh Creek. The creek is the namesake of Cayoosh Creek Indian Reserve No. 1 , one of the main Indian reserves of the Cayoose Creek Indian Band (aka the Sekwelwas First Nation), which lies adjacent to what was renamed the Seton River without local consultation.
28-645: Cayoosh Creek flows generally northeast from sources in the eponymous Cayoosh Range north of Cayoosh Pass to join the Seton River at Lillooet, British Columbia . In local parlance, the 4 kilometre length of the Seton River to its confluence with the Fraser River at the town of Lillooet is referred to as Cayoosh Creek, as is indicated by a Department of Highways sign on the BC Highway 99 bridge crossing it just before
56-610: A Lil’wat-language program." St̓át̓imcets has 44 consonants : St'at'imcets has 8 vowels : Post-velar Harmony (retraction): There are two orthographies, one based on Americanist Phonetic Notation that was developed by the Mount Currie School and used by the Lillooet Council, and a modification by Bouchard that is used by the Upper St̓át̓imc Language, Culture and Education Society. The latter orthography
84-647: A canal, the Seton Canal , which is part of the last phase of the Bridge River Power Project and feeds a powerhouse on the Fraser just south of the Seton River's confluence. There are differing accounts over how the stream acquired its name. "Cayoosh" is the local form of "cayuse" , and in the Lillooet and Chilcotin regions refers to a particular strain of Indian mountain pony The traditional indigenous name of
112-495: A large canyon complex ranging from 5000' to 7000' which also is a zone of extreme aridity and high summer temperatures, featuring lizards, cactus, and sagebrush. "Nkoomptch" is the historical name for this locality historically and means "water crossing over" in the St'at'imcets language . In this locality, Governor Seymour commissioned one of the Interior's three first flour mills in 1862,
140-610: A possible overland alternative to the Douglas Road . The north flank of the range is the valley of Seton and Anderson Lakes and the Gates River 's divide via Pemberton Pass with the lower valley of the Birkenhead River , which is the far western perimeter of the range. Named peaks in the range are confined the western end of the range, but the higher summits, mostly officially unnamed but well known to climbers and hikers, are in
168-457: A range of functions such as expressing plural, diminutive, aspect, etc. A more complicated type of reduplication is the internal reduplication used to express the diminutive. In this case the consonant before a stressed vowel is reduplicated after the stressed vowel and usually the vowel then changes to e (IPA: [ə] ). Examples are below: More than one reduplicative process can occur in a given word: St’át’imcets has several other variants of
196-612: Is Ucwalmicwts . The "Clao7alcw" (Raven's Nest) language nest program at Mount Currie , home of the Lil’wat , is conducted in the Lil̓wat language and was the focus of Onowa McIvor 's Master's thesis. As of 2014, "the Coastal Corridor Consortium— an entity made up of board members from First Nations and educational partners to improve aboriginal access to and performance in postsecondary education and training— ... [has] developed
224-801: Is a Salishan language of the Interior branch spoken by the Stʼatʼimc in southern British Columbia , Canada, around the middle Fraser and Lillooet Rivers. The language of the Lower Lillooet people uses the name Ucwalmícwts , because St̓át̓imcets means "the language of the people of Sat̓ ", i.e. the Upper Lillooet of the Fraser River. Lillooet is an endangered language with around 580 fluent speakers, who tend to be over 60 years of age. St̓át̓imcets has two main dialects: Upper St̓át̓imcets
252-1106: Is glossed as 'subjunctive' by van Eijk (1997) and Davis (2006) The following is a portion of a story in van Eijk (1981:87) told by Rosie Joseph of Mount Currie. St̓át̓imcets: Nilh aylh lts7a sMáma ti húz̓a qweqwl̓el̓tmínan. N̓as ku7 ámlec áku7 tsípunsa. Nilh t̓u7 st̓áksas ti xláka7sa. Tsicw áku7, nilh t̓u7 ses wa7, kwánas et7ú i sqáwtsa. Wa7 ku7 t̓u7 áti7 xílem, t̓ak ku7 knáti7 ti pú7y̓acwa. Nilh ku7 t̓u7 skwánas, lip̓in̓ás ku7. Nilh ku7 t̓u7 aylh stsuts: "Wa7 nalh aylh láti7 kapv́ta!" Nilh ku7 t̓u7 aylh sklhaka7mínas ku7 láti7 ti sqáwtsa cwilhá k̓a, nao7q̓ spawts ti kwanensása... International Phonetic Alphabet: /neɬ ɛjɬ lʧʔɛ ˈʃmɛmɛ te ˈhoˀzɛ qʷəqʷˀləˀltˈmenɛn. ˀnɛʃ koʔ ˈɛmləx ˈɛkoʔ ˈʧeponʃɛ. neɬ tɬʼoʔ ˈʃtɬʼɛkʃɛʃ te ˈχlɛkɛʔʃɛ. ʧexʷ ˈɛkoʔ neɬ tɬʼoʔ ʃəʃ ɣʷɛʔ ˈkʷɛnɛʃ ətˈʔo e ˈʃqɛɣʷʧɛ. ɣʷɛʔ koʔ tɬʼoʔ ˈɛteʔ ˈχeləm tɬʼɛk koʔ ˈknɛteʔ te ˈpoʔˀjɛxʷɛ. neɬ koʔ tɬʼoʔ ˈʃkʷɛnɛʃ lepʼeˀnˈɛʃ koʔ. neɬ koʔ tɬʼoʔ ɛjɬ ʃʧoʧ ɣʷɛʔ nɛɬ ɛjɬ ˈlɛteʔ kɛˈpʌtɛ neɬ koʔ tɬʼoʔ ɛjɬ ʃkɬɛkɛʔˈmenɛʃ koʔ ˈlɛteʔ te ˈʃqɛɣʷʧɛ xʷeɬˈɛ kʼɛ naʔqχʼ ʃpɛɣʷʧ te kʷɛnənˈʃɛʃɛ/ English translation: This time it
280-592: Is named for "Sapper Duffy", a Lieut. Patrick Duffey (or "Duffy") or the Royal Engineers , who was assigned to investigate the route of the Cayoosh valley as a possible wagon road from the head of Lillooet Lake to Lillooet , which because of the steep descent westwards from Cayoosh Pass was not gone forward with. The creek's final descent to the confluence with the Seton is a deeper and deeper canyon, narrow and twisting, with
308-517: Is one of Cayoosh Creek's several large southern tributaries. At the bottom of the canyon, as the highway clings to a mountain face some three thousand feet high, ranging from one to two thousand feet to the creek, steep below, there is a small private reservoir formed by a dam where Cayoosh Falls had once been known as Walden North . Walden North was a private estate and scientific research facility and manufacturing installation built by American uranium prospector Vernon Pick . From Cayoosh Falls to
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#1732844693787336-567: Is spoken around Fountain , Pavilion , Lillooet , and neighboring areas. Lower St̓át̓imcets is spoken around Mount Currie and neighboring areas. An additional subdialect called Skookumchuck is spoken within the Lower St̓át̓imcets dialect area, but there is no information available in van Eijk (1981, 1997) (which are the main references for this article). A common usage used by the bands of the Lower Lillooet River below Lillooet Lake
364-465: Is unusual in that /tɬʼ/ is written ⟨t̓⟩ , but it is preferred in many modern Lillooet-speaking communities. St'at'imcets has two main types of words: The variable word type may be affected by many morphological processes, such as prefixation , suffixation , infixation , reduplication , and glottalization . St̓át̓imcets, like the other Salishan languages, exhibits predicate/argument flexibility. All full words are able to occur in
392-673: The Bridge of the Twenty-Three Camels over the Fraser , which lies immediately upstream of the river's mouth. Although already 10 km long when it enters Duffey Lake , a 20-kilometre (12 mi) long lake which is the focus of its upper basin, at the lake's outflow it begins a rapid descent, carving deeply between the Cayoosh Range and the main Lillooet Ranges to the south. Duffey Lake
420-577: The Duffey Lake Road section of Highway 99 , from Pemberton - Mount Currie to Lillooet , which are at the respective western and eastern ends of the range. Cayoosh Pass , between the head of Duffey Lake and the descent to the Pemberton Valley at Lillooet Lake , was first traversed by a non-native by Sapper James Duffey of the Royal Engineers in 1860, who investigated (then dismissed it) as
448-775: The Cayoosh Range is Mount Marriott at 2,735 m (8,973 ft), due south of D'Arcy ( N'quatqua ); it is not named for the hotel-empire family of the same name but for an RCAF officer who was killed in action in World War II . Other summits include Cayoosh Mountain at 2,561 m (8,402 ft), Cirque Peak at 2,531 m (8,304 ft), Mount Gardiner at 2,406 m (7,894 ft), Mount Oleg at 2,587 m (8,488 ft), Saxifrage Mountain at 2,501 m (8,205 ft), and Mount Rohr at 2,423 m (7,949 ft). St%27at%27imcets language Lillooet ( / ˈ l ɪ l oʊ ɛ t / ; Lillooet: St̓át̓imcets / Sƛ̓aƛ̓imxǝc , [ˈʃt͡ɬʼæt͡ɬʼjəmxət͡ʃ] )
476-562: The Fraser was the scene of the Cayoosh Gold Rush of the 1880s, in which 300 Chinese gold miners were estimated by the local Government Agent to have taken out around $ 6 million in gold. The creek's riverbed throughout this stretch was literally turned upside down and remains of Chinese gold-mills and gold-furnaces can be found near the Hydro campsite, as well as piles of washed rocks which are byproducts of Chinese mining methods. Towering over
504-580: The Lillooet Ranges are considered to form their own group, rather than being a subdivision of the Pacific Ranges, although the Bendor Range , north of the Cayoosh Range across Anderson Lake , is classified as part of the Pacific Ranges which would tend to imply that the Cayoosh and Lillooet Ranges are as well. The Cayoosh Range is defined by the valley of Cayoosh Creek on the south, which is followed by
532-594: The above types. Reduplication is further complicated by consonant glottalization (see van Eijk (1997) for details). The subjunctive mood appears in nine distinct environments, with a range of semantic effects, including: The St̓át̓imcets subjunctive also differs from Indo-European subjunctives in that it is not selected by attitude verbs. St̓át̓imcets has a complex system of subject and object agreement. There are different subject agreement paradigms for transitive vs. intransitive predicates. For intransitive predicates, there are three distinct subject paradigms, one of which
560-431: The confluence, even closer and overhanging the lower Seton River, and features an 8000' near-sheer wall, while on the north across the Seton River are the last ramparts of Mission Ridge, reaching up to 6000' in this area, which is also the terminus of the Cayoosh Range. The combined gorge-walls of Seton Lake, the Cayoosh Range, Cayoosh Canyon, Mount Brew and its northward buttress, and the last buttress of Mission Ridge, form
588-456: The eastern part of the range. The western part of the range is coastal-alpine in character, with small glaciers and heavy snowfall. The eastern, higher part of the range verges on the semi-arid climate typical of the Fraser Canyon and the rest of the Interior and has no permanent snowfields or ice, and is known for its beautiful alpine meadows and stunning vistas of the surrounding ranges to
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#1732844693787616-522: The highest part of the canyon wall. Opposite it was the Ample Mine , also a gold mine in the same period. This stretch of the canyon was the site of the hunt for First World War hero-turned-outlaw Frank Gott , who is commemorated by Gott Peak which is on the southern rim of the Cayoosh basin, on the divide separating it from the basin of the Stein River , which parallels it roughly to the south, and which
644-483: The last ridges of the Cayoosh Range forming a rock wall thousands of feet in height, immediately opposite the highway across a very narrow gorge below. The north wall of the canyon was the location of the Golden Cache Mine , which started a small regional rush in 1897-1901 and whose former mill buildings were in the depths of the canyon below the highway and whose workings were reached by ramparts beneath overhangs on
672-399: The lower reaches of the canyon and Walden North as a large BC Hydro -run campground on the creek's final bottomlands near the Seton River, is Mount Brew . Brew is the highest in the northern Lillooet Ranges at 9970'; the elevation of the confluence is about 700', the edge of Brew's summit above, less than a mile to the south, is around 8800'. A buttress of Mount Brew lies to the southeast of
700-494: The north, south and east. The highest summit is Goat Mountain , a largely unseen peak with an elevation of 2,855 m (9,367 ft) between the head of Seton Lake and the head of Downton Creek, which is a tributary of Cayoosh Creek. It is the third-highest summit in the Lillooet Ranges after Skihist Mountain and Petlushkwohap Mountain , which are in the Cantilever Range west of Lytton . The second-highest peak in
728-593: The others being at Big Bar 60 km up the Fraser, in times when the Lillooet District produced mostly grain, as a measure to secure food supplies for the Cariboo Gold Rush . A store was also located in this area, operated by Dan Hurley , a Lillooet rancher and hotelier, as this was the route of the wagon road from the foot of Seton Lake, the last water leg of the Douglas Road , into Lillooet. Cayoosh Creek's last reaches are unusual in that they are bridged by
756-504: The predicate (including words with typically 'nouny' meanings such as nk̓yap 'coyote', which in the predicate essentially means 'to be a coyote') and any full word is able to appear in an argument, even those that seem "verby", such as t̓ak 'go along', which as a noun, is equivalent the noun phrase 'one that goes along'. St̓át̓imcets, as is typical of the Salishan family, has several types of reduplication (and triplication) that have
784-625: The stream is said to be Tsammuk and/or Tsho-ha-mous. Cayoosh Range The Cayoosh Range is the northernmost section of the Lillooet Ranges , which are a subrange of the Pacific Ranges of the Coast Mountains in British Columbia , Canada. The range covers an area of c. 1,000 km (390 sq mi) and is approximately 65 km (40 mi) SW to NE and about 20 km (12 mi) SE to NW. In some classification systems
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