67-497: Old Cavendish Street , originally Cavendish Street , is a street in Marylebone in the City of Westminster in central London that runs from Henrietta Place in the north to Oxford Street in the south. The street was one of those laid out in the early 1700s when the area north of Oxford Street was urbanised on a grid pattern . It was named after Lady Henrietta Cavendish , the heiress to
134-492: A metropolitan borough , it merged with the boroughs of Westminster and Paddington to form the new City of Westminster in 1965. Marylebone station lies two miles north-west of Charing Cross . The area is also served by numerous tube stations: Baker Street , Bond Street , Edgware Road (Bakerloo line) , Edgware Road (Circle, District and Hammersmith & City lines) , Great Portland Street , Marble Arch , Marylebone , Oxford Circus , and Regent's Park . Marylebone
201-648: A traffic island in the middle of Edgware Road at its junction with Bayswater Road. Between the trees is a roundel with the inscription "The site of Tyburn Tree". It is also commemorated by the Tyburn Convent, a Catholic convent dedicated to the memory of martyrs executed there and in other locations for the Catholic faith. Although most historical records and modern science agree that the Tyburn gallows were situated where Oxford Street meets Edgware Road and Bayswater Road, in
268-402: A fee. On one occasion, the stands collapsed, reportedly killing and injuring hundreds of people. A hanging as public spectacle was depicted by William Hogarth in his satirical print The Idle 'Prentice Executed at Tyburn (1747). Tyburn was commonly invoked in euphemisms for capital punishment: for instance, to "take a ride to Tyburn" (or simply "go west") was to go to one's hanging, "Lord of
335-503: A fixed rental under Elizabeth I. Forest's manor of Marylebone then passed by marriage to the Austen family. The deer park, Marylebone Park Fields, was let out in small holdings for hay and dairy produce. The Ancient Parish's church, St Marylebone Parish Church , has been rebuilt several times at various locations within the parish. The earliest known church dedicated to St John the Evangelist
402-512: A site next to the stream in 1196. William Fitz Osbert , a populist leader who played a major role in an 1196 popular revolt in London, was cornered in the church of St Mary-le-Bow . He was dragged naked behind a horse to Tyburn, where he was hanged . In 1537, Henry VIII used Tyburn to execute the ringleaders of the Pilgrimage of Grace , including Sir Nicholas Tempest, one of the northern leaders of
469-519: A sometimes raucous procession of the condemned from Newgate Gaol in the City -- at the end of the 18th century, the hangings were moved to Newgate. The manor of Tyburn, and the neighbouring Lisson , were recorded in the Domesday Book of 1086, and were together served by the parish of Marylebone , itself named after the stream. The original name of the parish was simply Marybourne, the stream of St Mary;
536-573: Is Latin for "let it be according to thy word", a phrase used in the Gospel of Luke . The Metropolitan Borough of St Marylebone was a metropolitan borough of the County of London between 1899 and 1965, after which, with the Metropolitan Borough of Paddington and the Metropolitan Borough of Westminster it was merged into the City of Westminster . The Metropolitan Borough inherited the boundaries of
603-584: Is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Marylebone Marylebone (usually / ˈ m ɑːr l ɪ b ən / MAR -lib-ən , also / ˈ m ær ɪ ( l ə ) b ən / MARR -i(l-ə)b-ən ) is an area in London , England and is located in the City of Westminster . It is in Central London and part of the West End . Oxford Street forms its southern boundary. An ancient parish and latterly
670-639: Is named after a Portman family estate in Buckinghamshire, itself named after a local family there made-good in Tudor days. Tucked away, with a few terraced houses, Bulstrode Street has been the home of minor health care professionals for hundreds of years. The RADA student and aspiring actress Vivien Leigh , aged twenty in 1933, gave birth at the Rahere Nursing Home, then at number 8, to her first child. The north end of Welbeck Street joins New Cavendish Street,
737-505: Is one of the finest surviving Adam houses in London, and now lets rooms. Wimpole Street runs from Henrietta Place north to Devonshire Street, becoming Upper Wimpole en route – the latter where Arthur Conan Doyle opened his ophthalmic practice at number 2 in 1891; Conan Doyle's fictional detective Sherlock Holmes also had his residence in Marylebone at 221b Baker Street . Nearby at a six-floor Grade II 18th-century house at 57 Wimpole Street
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#1732851417358804-473: Is reported that the majority of the condemned did so. A noose was then placed around their neck and the cart pulled away, leaving them hanging. Instances of pickpocketing have been reported in the crowds of executions, a mockery of the deterrent effect of capital punishment , which at the time was considered proper punishment for theft. Sites of public executions were significant gathering places and executions were public spectacles. Scholars have described
871-552: Is where Paul McCartney resided from 1964 to 1966, staying on the top floor of girlfriend Jane Asher 's family home in a room overlooking Browning Mews in the back, and with John Lennon writing " I Want to Hold Your Hand " on a piano in the basement. A further Beatles connection is that they, and many other musicians have recorded at the Abbey Road Studios . At her father's house at number 50 Wimpole Street lived for some time between 1840 and 1845, Elizabeth Barrett, then known as
938-639: The Dukes of Portland landholdings and Georgian-era developments there. In 1879 the fifth Duke died without issue and the estate passed through the female line to his sister, Lucy Joan Bentinck, widow of the 6th Baron Howard de Walden . Most of the Manor of Lileston was acquired by Sir William Portman in 1554, and much of this was developed by his descendants as the Portman Estate in the late 1700s. Both estates have aristocratic antecedents and are still run by members of
1005-664: The England and Wales Cricket Board , with the England national team as one of a number of home venues. The ground is sometimes called the Home of Cricket . The Borough of St Marylebone was granted a coat of arms by the College of Arms in 1901. The crest includes the Virgin Mary wearing a silver robe with a light blue mantle, holding the infant Jesus, dressed in gold. The wavy light blue bars represent
1072-558: The River Tyburn while the gold roses and lilies are taken from the arms of Barking Abbey , which held the Manor of Tyburn and first established the parish church. The version used by the Abbey was placed against a red border, and some versions of Marylebone's arms have made extensive use of red. The roses and lilies ultimately derive from the legend that when Mary's tomb was opened it contained those flowers. The motto "Fiat secundum Verbum Tuum"
1139-418: The chamberlain to Eleanor of Aquitaine . In 1236, the City of London contracted with Sir Gilbert to draw water from Tyburn Springs, which he held, to serve as the source of the first piped water supply for the city. The water was supplied in lead pipes that ran from where Bond Street station stands today, 800 m east of Hyde Park , down to the hamlet of Charing ( Charing Cross ), along Fleet Street and over
1206-718: The 1400s. In the 12th century, the Sheriff of London had been given the jurisdiction in Middlesex, as well as in the City of London. Prisoners were taken in public procession from Newgate Prison in the City, via St Giles in the Fields and Oxford Street (then known as Tyburn Road). From the late 18th century, when public executions were no longer carried out at Tyburn, they occurred at Newgate Prison itself and at Horsemonger Lane Gaol in Southwark . The first recorded execution took place at
1273-597: The 1970s been viewed as a part of Fitzrovia . Local places of interest include Marylebone Village, most of Regent's Park; Marylebone Station ; and Lord's Cricket Ground , the home of the Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC) and the original site of the MCC at Dorset Square. Areas and features of Marylebone include: The area is served by routes 2 , 13 , 18 , 27 , 30 , 74 , 113 , 139 , 189 , 205 , 274 , 453 and night routes N18 and N74 . Tyburn Tyburn
1340-614: The Ancient Parish which had been fixed since at least the 12th century. Marylebone Town Hall was completed in 1920. Marylebone was the scene of the Balcombe Street siege in 1975, when Provisional Irish Republican Army terrorists held two people hostage for almost a week. Marylebone is characterised by major streets on a grid pattern such as Gloucester Place , Baker Street , Marylebone High Street , Wimpole Street , Harley Street and Portland Place , with smaller mews between
1407-524: The Fleet Bridge, climbing Ludgate Hill (by gravitational pressure) to a public conduit at Cheapside . Water was supplied free to all comers. The junction of the two Roman roads had significance from ancient times, and was marked by a monument known as Oswulf's Stone , which gave its name to the Ossulstone Hundred of Middlesex . The stone was covered over in 1851 when Marble Arch was moved to
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#17328514173581474-582: The French "le" appeared in the 17th century, under the influence of names like Mary-le-Bow . Domesday showed that the manor was held, both before and after the Norman Conquest, by the Barking Abbey nunnery. The Domesday survey records it as having eight households, suggesting a population of around 40. In the 1230s and 1240s, the manor was held by Gilbert de Sandford, the son of John de Sandford , who had been
1541-567: The January 1850 issue of Notes and Queries , the book collector and musicologist Edward Francis Rimbault published a list of faults he had found in Peter Cunningham's 1849 Handbook of London , in which he claimed that the correct site of the gallows is where 49 Connaught Square was later built, stating that "in the lease granted by the Bishop of London, this is particularly mentioned". Tyburn
1608-536: The Manor of Marylebone lands and the wife of Edward Harley after whom Harley Street was named. It was renamed Old Cavendish Street to distinguish it from the much longer New Cavendish Street to the north. In the 1870s it included two public houses , the Red Lion at No. 5 (rebuilt 1879), on the east side, and the Crown at No. 12A (rebuilt 1885–6) and was a throughway to Oxford Street but it has since been pedestrianised at
1675-436: The Manor of Tyburn" was the public hangman, "dancing the Tyburn jig" was the act of being hanged. Convicts would be transported to the site in an open ox-cart from Newgate Prison. They were expected to put on a good show, wearing their finest clothes and going to their deaths with insouciance . On 19 April 1779, clergyman James Hackman was hanged there following his 7 April murder of courtesan and socialite Martha Ray ,
1742-486: The Marylebone Road there is an area with a colourful history, which includes the former Marylebone Gardens, whose entertainments including bare-knuckle fighting, a cemetery, a workhouse, and the areas frequented by Charles Wesley , all shut down by the close of the 18th century, where today there are mansion blocks and upper-end retail. At No. 1 Dorset Street resided mid-Victorian scientist Charles Babbage , inventor of
1809-596: The National Gallery scattered throughout the house, walls covered in tack holes and a drawing room inhabited by cats with no tails. During the same period a few hundred yards to the east, Chandos House in Chandos Street was used as the Austro-Hungarian Embassy and residence of the fabulously extravagant Ambassador Prince Paul Anton III Esterhazy, seeing entertainment on a most lavish scale. The building
1876-542: The Oxford Road (now Oxford St), commissioned the surveyor and builder John Prince to draw a master plan that set Cavendish Square in a rational grid system of streets. The Harley heiress Lady Margaret Cavendish Harley married William, 2nd Duke of Portland , and took the property, including Marylebone High Street , into the Bentinck family. Such place names in the neighbourhood as Cavendish Square and Portland Place reflect
1943-671: The Pilgrimage and the King's own Bowbearer of the Forest of Bowland . In 1571, the Tyburn Tree was erected near the junction of today's Edgware Road , Bayswater Road and Oxford Street , 200 m west of Marble Arch . The "Tree" or "Triple Tree" was a form of gallows , consisting of a horizontal wooden triangle supported by three legs (an arrangement known as a "three-legged mare" or "three-legged stool"). Multiple criminals could be hanged at once, and so
2010-557: The Second World War. In 1960s two-some John Dunbar and TV repairman " Magic Alex " lived on the street, where the former introduced the latter to John Lennon in 1967. Princess Alexandra, 2nd Duchess of Fife , who was a qualified nurse, founded a nursing home in Bentinck Street, and served as its matron. Manchester Square, west of Bentinck Street, has a central private garden with plane trees, laid out in 1776-88. The mansion on
2077-649: The St Giles Bowl appears to have been administered at a number of inns (or perhaps one inn under a number of names) in St Giles, each successively being referred to as "The Bowl". According to Walter Thornbury in his classic London Old and New , "The Bowl" would appear to have become associated with the "Angel Inn" on St Giles High Street. In 1873, the City Press feared that the Angel Inn, another memorial of ancient London,
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2144-499: The aforementioned families. The Howard de Walden Estate owns, leases and manages the majority of the 92 acres (37 ha) of real estate in Marylebone which comprises the area from Marylebone High Street in the west to Robert Adam 's Portland Place in the east and from Wigmore Street in the south to Marylebone Road in the north. In the 18th century the area was known for the raffish entertainments in Marylebone Gardens ,
2211-634: The analytical engine. Babbage complained that two adjacent hackney-coach stands in Paddington Street ruined the neighbourhood, leading to the establishment of coffee and beer shops, and furthermore, the character of the new population could be inferred from the taste they exhibited for the noisiest and most discordant music. An acclaimed international venue for chamber music, the Wigmore Hall , opened at 36 Wigmore Street in 1901. It hosts over 500 concerts each year. The Marylebone Low Emission Neighbourhood
2278-519: The area, but it was shortly afterwards unearthed and propped up against the Arch. It has not been seen since it was stolen in 1869. Although executions took place elsewhere (notably on Tower Hill , generally related to treason by gentlemen), the Roman road junction at Tyburn became associated with the place of criminal execution for the City of London and Middlesex after most were moved here from Smithfield in
2345-401: The author of a volume of poems, and who afterwards escaped and was better known as Elizabeth Barrett Browning . Today, at the bottom end of Wimpole at Wigmore can be found a sandwich shop named Barrett's. Bentinck Street leaves Welbeck Street and touches the middle of winding Marylebone Lane . Charles Dickens lived at number 18 with his indebted father (on whom the character Wilkins Micawber
2412-408: The body on Judgement Day (see Jack Sheppard , Dick Turpin or William Spiggot ). The first victim of the "Tyburn Tree" was John Story , a Roman Catholic who was tried for and convicted of treason. There is a plaque to the Catholic martyrs executed at Tyburn in the period 1535–1681 at 8 Hyde Park Place, the site of Tyburn convent. Among the more notable individuals suspended from the "Tree" in
2479-456: The eastern banks of the Tyburn , where in 1400 a parish church dedicated to St Mary was built. Since the 12th century, the area had been synonymous with the Tyburn gallows , where public executions regularly took place at the crossroads of the Tyburn and old Roman road. Eager to distance themselves from the notorious gallows, the villagers took inspiration from their new church and began calling
2546-497: The execution of Katharine Knowland, "When she came to Tyburn, all the crossbeams were pulled down; so she was tied up on the top of one of the upright posts, and hung with her back to it." One of the first mentions of the gallows being used again was on 7 October 1759, when four people were executed on the "new moving gallows" which afterwards was "carried off in a cart". The executions were public spectacles which attracted crowds of thousands. Spectator stands provided deluxe views for
2613-437: The execution, around midnight, the sexton of St Sepulchre's church , adjacent to Newgate, recited verses outside the wall of the condemned. The following morning, the convicts heard prayers, and those who wished to do so received the sacrament . On the day of execution, the condemned were transported to the Tyburn gallows from Newgate in a horse-drawn open cart. It was about three miles (5 km) from Newgate to Tyburn, but as
2680-416: The executions at Tyburn as "carnivalesque occasion[s] in which the normative message intended by the authorities is reappropriated and inverted by an irreverent crowd" that found them a source of "entertainment as well as conflict." This analysis is supported by the presence of shouting street traders and food vendors and the erection of seating for wealthier onlookers. Additionally, a popular belief held that
2747-484: The following centuries were John Bradshaw , Henry Ireton and Oliver Cromwell , who were already dead but were disinterred and hanged at Tyburn in January 1661 on the orders of the Cavalier Parliament in an act of posthumous revenge for their part in the beheading of King Charles I . The gallows seem to have been replaced several times, probably because of wear , but in general, the entire structure stood all
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2814-418: The gallows were used for mass executions, such as that on 23 June 1649 when 24 prisoners (23 men and 1 woman) were hanged simultaneously, having been conveyed there in eight carts. After executions, the bodies would be buried nearby or in later times removed for dissection by anatomists . The crowd would sometimes fight over a body with surgeons, for fear that dismemberment could prevent the resurrection of
2881-414: The greater part of the manor; in 1544 his son Thomas exchanged it with Henry VIII, who enclosed the northern part of the manor as a deer park , the distant origin of Regent's Park . Lilestone Manor also passed into the hands of the Crown at this time. Tyburn manor remained with the Crown until the southern part was sold in 1611 by James I, who retained the deer park, to Edward Forest, who had held it as
2948-703: The hamlet St Mary-burne ("the stream of St Mary", burne coming from the Anglo-Saxon word burna for a small stream). This stream rose further north in ( Hampstead ), eventually running along what became Marylebone Lane , which preserves its curve within the grid pattern. In the 17th century, under the influence of names like Mary-le-Bow , the French article le appeared midway in the parish name, and eventually St Mary-le-bourne became St Marylebone. Other spelling iterations include Mariburn , Marybone , and in Samuel Pepys ' diary, Marrowbone . The suggestion that
3015-481: The hand of an executed criminal could cure cancers, and it was not uncommon to see mothers brushing their child's cheek with the hand of the condemned. The gallows at Tyburn were sources of cadavers for surgeons and anatomists. The sole male representative to the Kildare Geraldines was then smuggled to safety by his tutor at the age of twelve. Gerald FitzGerald, 11th Earl of Kildare (1525–1585), also known as
3082-605: The major streets. Mansfield Street is a short continuation of Chandos Street built by the Adam brothers in 1770, on a plot of ground which had been underwater. Most of its houses are fine buildings with exquisite interiors, which if put on the market now would have an expected price in excess of £10 million. At Number 13 lived religious architect John Loughborough Pearson who died in 1897, and designer of Castle Drogo and New Delhi Sir Edwin Lutyens , who died in 1944. Immediately across
3149-458: The mistress of John Montagu, 4th Earl of Sandwich . The Tyburn gallows were last used on 3 November 1783, when John Austin , a highwayman , was hanged; for the next eighty-five years, hangings were staged outside Newgate prison. Then, in 1868, due to public disorder during these public executions, it was decided to execute the convicts inside the prison. The site of the gallows is now marked by three young oak trees that were planted in 2014 on
3216-564: The name derives from Marie la Bonne , or "Mary the Good", is not substantiated. Both manors were mentioned in the Domesday Book of 1086. Domesday recorded eight households in each manor, implying a combined population of less than a hundred. At Domesday the Manor of Lilestone was valued at 60 shillings and owned by a woman called Ediva. Tyburn was a possession of the Nunnery of Barking Abbey and valued at 52 shillings. The ownership of both manors
3283-471: The name of which changed from Upper Marylebone Street after World War I . Number 13 in New Cavendish Street, at its junction with Welbeck Street and on the corner of Marylebone Street, was the birthplace in 1882 of the orchestral conductor Leopold Stokowski , the son of a Polish cabinet maker. He sang as a boy in the choir of St Marylebone Church. At the northern end of Marylebone High Street towards
3350-629: The north side of the square, now the home of the Wallace Collection , once housed the Spanish ambassador, whose chapel was in Spanish Place . From the north-west corner is Manchester Street, final home of Georgian-era prophet Joanna Southcott , who died there in 1814. Marylebone has some Beatles heritage, with John Lennon's flat at 34 Montagu Square, and the original Apple Corps headquarters at 95 Wigmore Street. Bulstrode Street, small and charming,
3417-499: The place where the crime was committed; or burning at the stake; and being drawn and quartered , of which the latter two were common in cases of treason . The last days of the condemned were marked by religious events. On the Sunday before every execution, a sermon was preached in Newgate 's chapel, which those unaffiliated with the execution could pay to attend. Furthermore, the night before
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#17328514173583484-503: The road at 61 New Cavendish Street lived Natural History Museum creator Alfred Waterhouse . Queen Anne Street is an elegant cross-street which unites the northern end of Chandos Street with Welbeck Street. The painter J. M. W. Turner moved to 47 Queen Anne Street in 1812 from 64 Harley Street, now divided into numbers 22 and 23, and owned the house until his death in 1851. It was known as "Turner's Den", becoming damp, dilapidated, dusty, dirty, with dozens of Turner's works of art now in
3551-469: The scene of bear-baiting and prize fights by members of both sexes, and for the duelling grounds in Marylebone Fields. The Marylebone Cricket Club , for many years the governing body of world cricket, was formed in 1787 and initially based at Dorset Fields before moving a short distance to its current home at Lord's Cricket Ground in 1814. Lord's is also home to Middlesex County Cricket Club and
3618-573: The south and Watling Street ( Edgware Road ) to the west, and positioned on both sides of the former River Tyburn which flowed from north to south. To the north (Boundary Road in St John's Wood) and east (running through Regent's Park and along Cleveland Street ), the area's boundaries have later been inherited as part of the northern and eastern boundary of the modern City of Westminster . This area includes localities such as St John's Wood , Lisson Grove and East Marylebone. East Marylebone has since
3685-804: The southern end. The cul-de-sac Red Lion Yard, later known as Cavendish Buildings, ran from the eastern side before the construction of the House of Fraser (previously D.H. Evans) store in Oxford Street. Today, the street is entirely taken up by the House of Fraser department store on its western side and the John Lewis store on the east, both of which front Oxford Street. [REDACTED] Media related to Old Cavendish Street at Wikimedia Commons 51°30′55.09″N 0°8′45.38″W / 51.5153028°N 0.1459389°W / 51.5153028; -0.1459389 This London road or road transport-related article
3752-491: The streets were often crowded with onlookers, the journey could last up to three hours. The cart usually stopped at the "Bowl Inn" public house in St Giles High Street. This was the "halfway house". Here the condemned were allowed to drink strong liquors, wine or strong ale . The draught itself was described in a 19th century ballad as being of a "nutty brown ale drunk from a 'broad wooden bowl' ". At various times
3819-502: The time in Tyburn. After some acts of vandalism , in October 1759 it was decided to replace the permanent structure with new moving gallows. These remained until the last execution in Tyburn, probably carried out in November 1783. On the night of Wednesday, 28 March 1759, part of the gallows was blown down. Further evidence of the fixed gallows's disrepair was noted on Friday, 22 June 1759 with
3886-550: Was a manor (estate) in London , Middlesex , England, one of two which were served by the parish of Marylebone . Tyburn took its name from the Tyburn Brook , a tributary of the River Westbourne . The name Tyburn, from Teo Bourne, means 'boundary stream'. The parish, and probably therefore also the manor, was bounded by Roman roads to the west (modern Edgware Road ) and south (modern Oxford Street ). The junction of these
3953-477: Was about to pass away. The Angel was remodelled in 1898 and stands to this day. Having arrived at Tyburn, the condemned found themselves in front of a crowded and noisy square; the wealthy paid to sit on the stands erected for the occasion, in order to have an unobstructed view. Before the execution, the condemned were allowed to say a few words; the authorities expected that most of the condemned, before commending their own souls to God , would admit their guilt. It
4020-602: Was an Ancient Parish formed to serve the manors (landholdings) of Lileston (in the west, which gives its name to modern Lisson Grove ) and Tyburn in the east. The parish is likely to have been in place since at least the twelfth century and will have used the boundaries of the pre-existing manors. The boundaries of the parish were consistent from the late twelfth century to the creation of the Metropolitan Borough which succeeded it. The name Marylebone originates from an ancient hamlet located near today's Marble Arch , on
4087-642: Was based) while working as a court reporter in the 1830s, and Edward Gibbon wrote much of The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire while living at number 7 from the early 1770s. James Smithson wrote the will that led to the foundation of the Smithsonian Institution while living at number 9 in 1826, while number 10 was briefly graced by Chopin in 1848, who found his apartment too expensive and moved to Mayfair. More recently, Cambridge spies Anthony Blunt and Guy Burgess lived at 5 Bentinck Street during
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#17328514173584154-451: Was established by Barking Abbey, which held Manor of Tyburn, at an unknown date, but probably sometime in the 12th century. This church was located on the north side of Oxford Street, probably near the junction with Marylebone Lane. This site was subject to regular robbery and in 1400 a new church was built, around 900 metres further north. and given the name St Mary by the Bourne . This church
4221-612: Was established in 2016 to improve the air quality of the area. Westminster City Council in partnership with local residents, businesses and stakeholders completed a green grid of 800 new trees on Marylebone's streets in 2019. The area was represented by the St Marylebone UK Parliament constituency between 1918 and 1983. The area is currently divided between the Cities of London and Westminster and Westminster North parliamentary constituencies. These are represented by Nickie Aiken and Karen Buck respectively. The parish and borough were bounded by two Roman roads, Oxford Street to
4288-448: Was primarily known for its gallows, which functioned as the main execution site for London-area prisoners from the 16th through to the 18th centuries. For those found guilty of capital crimes who could not obtain a pardon, which accounted for about 40%, a probable destiny was to be hanged at Tyburn. Other contemporary methods of punishment that may have been used as alternatives to Tyburn included execution, followed by being hung in chains at
4355-439: Was rebuilt in 1740 with a new building erected a little further north in 1817. In 1710, John Holles, Duke of Newcastle , purchased the manor for £17,500, and his daughter and heir, Lady Henrietta Cavendish Holles , by her marriage to Edward Harley, Earl of Oxford , passed it into the family of the Earl of Oxford, one of whose titles was Lord Harley of Wigmore. She and the earl, realising the need for fashionable housing north of
4422-426: Was the same as it had been before the Conquest. Lilestone became the property of the Knights Templar until their suppression in 1312. It then passed to the Order of Knights of the Hospital of Saint John of Jerusalem , whose name is the origin of the place name St John's Wood . Early in the 13th century Tyburn was held by Robert de Vere, 3rd Earl of Oxford . At the end of the 15th century Thomas Hobson bought up
4489-431: Was the site of the famous Tyburn Gallows (known colloquially as the "Tyburn Tree"), now occupied by Marble Arch . So, for many centuries the name Tyburn was synonymous with capital punishment : it was the principal place for execution for London and Middlesex criminals and convicted traitors , including many religious martyrs . In the 18th century it was also known as "God's Tribunal". Hangings at Tyburn often included
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