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62-563: In Roman times there was a statio , that is, a control post at the service of travelers who walked the via Emilia. Perhaps there was a small temple dedicated to the goddess Ops , protector of the crops. Between the fifth and sixth centuries, at the time of the reign of the Ostrogoths , a Christian basilica was built with structural characteristics similar to the Ravenna churches of the Goth era, perhaps it

124-434: A day I praise you", and Psalm 118/119:62, "At midnight I rise to praise you". Of these eight hours, Prime and Compline may be the latest to appear, because the 4th-century Apostolic Constitutions VIII iv 34 do not mention them in the exhortation "Offer up your prayers in the morning, at the third hour, the sixth, the ninth, the evening, and at cock-crowing". The eight are known by the following names, which do not reflect

186-611: A new cover and revised Calendar of the Movable Feasts. Besides these shorter editions of The Divine Office , there used to be A Shorter Prayer During the Day comprising the Psalter for the Middle Hours also published by Collins. The last known reprint year is 1986, but this edition is now out of print. In 2009, Prayer during the day was published by Catholic Truth Society . The Liturgy of

248-627: A number of hymns composed by himself and his brother Joseph (see Typicon for further details). In the West, the Rule of Saint Benedict modeled his guidelines for the prayers on the customs of the basilicas of Rome . It was he who expounded the concept in Christian prayer of the inseparability of the spiritual life from the physical life. The Benedictines began to call the prayers the Opus Dei or "Work of God." As

310-490: A part. The constitutions of religious institutes generally oblige their members to celebrate at least parts and in some cases to do so jointly ("in choir"). Consecrated virgins take the duty to celebrate the liturgy of hours with the rite of consecration. Within the Latin Church, the lay faithful "are encouraged to recite the divine office, either with the priests, or among themselves, or even individually", though there

372-651: A radical revision of the Roman Breviary, to be put into effect, at latest, on 1 January 1913. See Reform of the Roman Breviary by Pope Pius X . Pope Pius XII allowed the use of a new translation of the Psalms from the Hebrew and established a special commission to study a general revision, concerning which all the Catholic bishops were consulted in 1955. His successor, Pope John XXIII , implemented these revisions in 1960. Following

434-665: A short devotion to the stations of the Cross. Collecta processions took place on days of penance , such as the ember days , the feast of Candlemas , on Ash Wednesday and several weekdays in Lent . With the adoption of Roman liturgy in the Frankish region in the early Middle Ages , the Rite of the Collecta spread further. In addition, the assembly of celebrants and the element of liturgical services before

496-647: A theatre. Another important edification of the town is the Column with the Madonna del Fossombrone, in the middle of the square XX Settembre, where the town hall is located. The column was built on the project of Gian Giacomo Dotti, an architect of the 18th century, and was dedicated to the Madonna del Rosario, the patron of the Castel San Pietro. Moreover, thanks to the presence of sources of sulphurous and salsobromoiodic water, Castel San Pietro Terme has been known for being

558-659: A thermal locality from the Middle Age on. The thermal system started to work in 1870. In Castel San Pietro Terme the Carrera Autopodistica has taken place every year since 1954. Statio A statio (Latin for "position" or "location") is the place where, in the Roman Rite , a devotion to the stations of the Cross is celebrated. On specific station days, on which in the Late Roman Catholic liturgy of

620-604: Is no obligation for them to do so. The laity may oblige themselves to pray the Liturgy of the Hours or part of it by a personal vow. The present official form of the entire Liturgy of the Hours of the Roman Rite is that contained in the four-volume Latin-language publication Liturgia Horarum , the first edition of which appeared in 1971. English and other vernacular translations were soon produced and were made official for their territories by

682-456: The Late Antiquity a devotion to the stations of the Cross took place led by the bishop or his representative, the bishop, the clergy and the faithful gathered in an assembly church ( ecclesia collecta ) for a short service of worship ( collecta ). From there, they went on a procession to the station church . Sometimes the procession would stop at churches or shrines along the way to hold

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744-668: The Liber Orationum Psalmographus , the Book of Psalm-Prayers which originated in the Mozarabic Rite . Shorter editions of the Liturgy of the Hours are also available from various publishers: Christian Prayer (Daughters of St Paul and Catholic Book Publishing Company), Shorter Christian Prayer (Catholic Book Publishing Company) and Daytime Prayer (Catholic Book Publishing Company). In 2007, Liturgy Training Publications released

806-693: The Benedictus and Magnificat antiphons for the 3-year cycle on Sundays added in the Liturgia Horarum, editio typica altera . The Psalms are taken from the Revised Grail Psalter with the rest of the biblical texts taken from the New American Bible . This is the only official English edition of the Office that is based on the Liturgia Horarum, editio typica altera . Following the establishment of

868-806: The Carmelite , the Carthusian , the Dominican , the Premonstratensian , and the Ambrosian. St. Mark's Basilica in Venice, along with the four churches under its jurisdiction, retained its own unique liturgies, psalms, and Latin translations into the 19th century. Many other churches whose local rites predated Pius V's breviary by 200 years or more, such as that of Mantua, continued to use their own breviaries, liturgical calendars, and psalms, as well. Later popes altered

930-562: The Ceremonial of Bishops includes in Part III instructions on the Liturgy of the Hours which the bishop presides, for example the vesper on major solemnities. The General Instruction of the Liturgy of Hours in the Roman Rite states: "The public and communal prayer of the people of God is rightly considered among the first duties of the Church. From the very beginning the baptized 'remained faithful to

992-607: The Gallican Psalter for the Roman. The Franciscans gradually spread this breviary throughout Europe. Pope Nicholas III would then adopt the widely used Franciscan breviary to be the breviary used in Rome. By the 14th century, the breviary contained the entire text of the canonical hours. The Council of Trent in its final session on 4 December 1563 entrusted the reform of the breviary to the then pope, Pius IV . On 9 July 1568, Pope Pius V ,

1054-558: The Kingdom of Sardinia , which became, two years later, the Kingdom of Italy . On 17 April 1945 Castel San Pietro celebrated the Liberation. Among the points of interest of the town, the main religious monuments are: The symbol of Castel San Pietro Terme is the Cassero, a military fortification, which represented the main access to the town in the past. Today the building has been reinvented as

1116-697: The Mundelein Psalter , containing Morning, Evening and Night Prayers and the Office for the Dead, with the 1963 Grail translation of the Psalms set to specially composed chant, and with hymns translated from the hymns of the Latin Liturgia Horarum . The Divine Office and the Liturgy of the Hours editions are both based on the Latin 1971 editio typica. In 2009, on the occasion of the Synod of African Bishops in Rome,

1178-855: The New English Bible and Ronald Knox's Translation of the Vulgate . Some of the canticles taken from the Revised Standard Version were amended slightly to conform the English text to the Vulgate in The Divine Office . The intercessions, concluding prayers, antiphons, short responses, responsories, second readings in the Office of Readings, the Te Deum and the Glory be to the Father are all translations approved by

1240-407: The bell in the forum rang the beginning of the business day at about six o'clock in the morning (Prime, the "first hour"), noted the day's progress by striking again at about nine o'clock in the morning (Terce, the "third hour"), tolled for the lunch break at noon (Sext, the "sixth hour"), called the people back to work again at about three o'clock in the afternoon (None, the "ninth hour"), and rang

1302-459: The doxology . The verse is omitted if the hour begins with the Invitatory (Morning Prayer/Lauds or the Office of Reading). The Invitatory is the introduction to the first hour said on the current day, whether it be the Office of Readings or Morning Prayer. The opening is followed by a hymn . The hymn is followed by psalmody . The psalmody is followed by a scripture reading. The reading is called

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1364-526: The monastic practices of the Desert Fathers of Egypt. After the Second Vatican Council (1962 to 1965), which decided that the hour of prime should be suppressed, Pope Paul VI decreed a new arrangement of the Liturgy of the Hours. The structure of the offices, the distribution of psalms, and the prayers were updated. The distinction, already expressed in the 1960 Code of Rubrics , between

1426-634: The personal ordinariates for former Anglicans in the 2009 apostolic constitution Anglicanorum coetibus , there was sought an Anglican Use form of the Office that reflects Anglican tradition. In the Personal Ordinariate of Our Lady of Walsingham in England and Wales , the Customary of Our Lady of Walsingham was adopted. In 2020, the Divine Worship: Daily Office was announced as

1488-574: The "sixth hour". The early church was known to pray the Psalms ( Acts 4:23–30 ), which have remained a part of the canonical hours. By 60 AD, the Didache recommended disciples to pray the Lord's Prayer three times a day; this practice found its way into the canonical hours as well. Pliny the Younger (63 – c.  113 ), mentions not only fixed times of prayer by believers, but also specific services – other than

1550-595: The 1963 Grail Psalms , while the Scripture readings and non-Gospel canticles are taken from the original 1970 first edition New American Bible . The prayers and intercessions are translated by the International Commission on English in the Liturgy (ICEL). The ELLC versions are used for items such as the Gospel canticles. An additional feature are psalm-prayers at the end of many Psalms, which were ICEL's translation of

1612-578: The Catholic Church in Africa, through Paulines Publications Africa, published a new English edition of the Liturgy of the Hours based on the Liturgia Horarum, editio typica altera . The antiphons and orations in this edition are taken from ICEL's 1975 translation of the Liturgy of the Hours, with independent translations for the offices for the new saints added to the General Roman Calendar as well as

1674-539: The Divine Office grew more important in the life of the church, the rituals became more elaborate. Soon, praying the Office began to require various books, such as a psalter for the psalms, a lectionary to find the assigned scripture reading for the day, a Bible to proclaim the reading, a hymnal for singing, etc. As parishes grew in the Middle Ages away from cathedrals and basilicas, a more concise way of arranging

1736-512: The Divine Office. An English/Latin parallel edition was published by Baronius Press in April 2012. Three English translations are in use. The Divine Office was produced by a commission set up by the Episcopal Conferences of Australia, England and Wales, Ireland and Scotland. First published in 1974 by HarperCollins , this edition is the official English edition for use in the dioceses of

1798-477: The Eucharist – assigned to those times: "they met on a stated day before it was light, and addressed a form of prayer to Christ, as to a divinity, … after which it was their custom to separate, and then reassemble, to eat in common a harmless meal." By the second and third centuries, such Church Fathers as Clement of Alexandria , Origen , and Tertullian wrote of the practice of Morning and Evening Prayer, and of

1860-504: The Florentines of San Giovanni in Fiore. The initiative came from the podestà of Bologna Orlando de 'Rossi, a city which, in the same period, had numerous fortifications built to defend its borders. The castrum of San Pietro was placed on the border with the territory of Imola, at the time a Ghibelline city, while Bologna was a Guelph city. In the first quarter of the 15th century the town hosted

1922-634: The Hours ( Liturgia Horarum in Latin) is published by Libreria Editrice Vaticana in four volumes, arranged according to the liturgical seasons of the church year. The liturgical books for the celebration of the Liturgy of the Hours in Latin are those of the editio typica altera (second typical edition) promulgated in 1985 and re-issued by the Vatican Publishing House – Libreria Editrice Vaticana – in 2000 and 2003. Midwest Theological Forum has published an edition iuxta typicam with updating of

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1984-561: The Hours , produced by the International Commission on English in the Liturgy , was first published in 1975 by Catholic Book Publishing Company in the USA. This edition is the official English edition for use in the US, Canada and some other English-speaking dioceses. It is in four volumes, an arrangement identical to the original Latin typical edition. The psalms are taken (slightly adapted) from

2046-639: The Hours" has been retroactively applied to the practices of saying the canonical hours in both the Christian East and West –particularly within the Latin liturgical rites –prior to the Second Vatican Council , and is the official term for the canonical hours promulgated for usage by the Latin Church in 1971. Before 1971, the official form for the Latin Church was the Breviarium Romanum , first published in 1568 with major editions through 1962. The Liturgy of

2108-493: The Hours, like many other forms of the canonical hours, consists primarily of psalms supplemented by hymns , readings, and other prayers and antiphons prayed at fixed prayer times . Together with the Mass , it constitutes the public prayer of the church. Christians of both Western and Eastern traditions (including the Latin Catholic , Eastern Catholic , Eastern Orthodox , Oriental Orthodox , Assyrian , Lutheran , Anglican , and some other Protestant churches) celebrate

2170-434: The Jewish practice of reciting prayers at certain hours of the day or night. In the Psalms are found expressions like "in the morning I offer you my prayer"; "At midnight I will rise and thank you"; "Evening, morning and at noon I will cry and lament"; "Seven times a day I praise you". The Apostles observed the Jewish custom of praying at the third, sixth, and ninth hours, and at midnight (Acts 10:3, 9; 16:25; etc.). Hence

2232-437: The Roman Breviary of Pope Pius V. Pope Clement VIII instituted obligatory changes on 10 May 1602, 34 years after Pius V's revision. Pope Urban VIII made further changes, including "a profound alteration in the character of some of the hymns. Although some of them without doubt gained in literary style, nevertheless, to the regret of many, they also lost something of their old charm of simplicity and fervour." Pope Pius X made

2294-403: The Second Vatican Council, the Catholic Church's Latin Church, hoping to restore their character as the prayer of the entire church, revised the liturgical book for the celebration of the Divine Office, and published it under the title "Liturgy of the Hours". The Council itself abolished the office of Prime, and envisioned a manner of distributing the psalms over a period of more than 1 week. In

2356-436: The Southern Cross in Australia, Japan, and Oceania. While developed primarily from the Anglican tradition, the Divine Worship: Daily Office is considered to be a specific use of the Liturgy of the Hours. By the time of Benedict of Nursia (480–548 AD), the monastic Divine Office was composed of seven daytime hours and one at night. In his Rule of St. Benedict , he associated the practice with Psalm 118/119:164, "Seven times

2418-409: The above countries as well as many other dioceses around the world, especially in Asian and African countries. It is arranged in three volumes: The psalms are taken (with slight adaptations) from the 1963 Grail Psalms, while the Scripture readings and non-Gospel canticles are taken from various versions of the Bible, including the Revised Standard Version , the Jerusalem Bible , the Good News Bible ,

2480-404: The antipope Giovanni XXIII (1370–1419) and his papal court; during the late Middle Ages Castel San Pietro was chosen for two periods as the temporary seat of the University of Bologna, which remained closed, apparently, due to serious student intemperances. In 1509 Bologna passed definitively under the Papal States, therefore Castel San Pietro lost its military function. In 1859 it became part of

2542-490: The canonical hours in various forms and under various names. The chant or recitation of the Divine Office therefore forms the basis of prayer within the consecrated life , with some of the monastic or mendicant orders producing their own permutations of the Liturgy of the Hours and older Roman Breviary. Prayer of the Divine Office is an obligation undertaken by priests and deacons intending to become priests, while deacons intending to remain deacons are obliged to recite only

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2604-507: The celebration of saints. It is arranged in six volumes: Although most priests and other clerics in the Latin Church now use the Roman breviary, some (such as those in the Priestly Fraternity of Saint Peter or similar societies) continue to use the breviary as revised by Pope Pius X , the latest edition of which was issued under Pope John XXIII . The motu proprio Summorum Pontificum in 2007 authorized every Latin Church cleric to use this edition to fulfill his canonical obligation to pray

2666-418: The close of the business day at about six o'clock in the evening (the time for evening prayer). The healing of the crippled man at the temple gate occurred as Peter and John were going to the temple to pray ( Acts 3:1 ) at the "ninth hour" of prayer (about three pm). The decision to include Gentiles among the community of believers, arose from a vision Peter had while praying at noontime, ( Acts 10:9–49 )

2728-444: The competent episcopal conferences . For Catholics in primarily Commonwealth nations , the three-volume Divine Office , which uses a range of different English Bibles for the readings from Scripture, was published in 1974. The four-volume Liturgy of the Hours , with Scripture readings from the New American Bible , appeared in 1975 with approval from the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops . The 1989 English translation of

2790-509: The episcopal conferences mentioned and confirmed by the Holy See in December 1973. The Gospel canticles ( Benedictus , Magnificat , Nunc Dimittis ) are from the 1963 Grail Translation, but an appendix at the end of the book gives the English Language Liturgical Consultation (ELLC)) versions of the Gospel canticles as alternatives. Collins also publishes shorter editions of The Divine Office : Between 2005 and 2006, Collins republished The Divine Office and its various shorter editions with

2852-407: The form of the fixed-hour prayers was a hybrid of secular and monastic practice. In the East, the development of the Divine Services shifted from the area around Jerusalem to Constantinople . In particular, Theodore the Studite ( c.  758  – c.  826 ) combined a number of influences from the Byzantine court ritual with monastic practices common in Asia Minor , and added thereto

2914-434: The hours The Liturgy of the Hours ( Latin : Liturgia Horarum ), Divine Office (Latin: Officium Divinum ), or Opus Dei ("Work of God") are a set of Catholic prayers comprising the canonical hours , often also referred to as the breviary , of the Latin Church . The Liturgy of the Hours forms the official set of prayers "marking the hours of each day and sanctifying the day with prayer." The term "Liturgy of

2976-404: The hours was needed. So, a sort of list developed called the Breviary , which gave the format of the daily office and the texts to be used. The spread of breviaries eventually reached Rome, where Pope Innocent III extended its use to the Roman Curia. The Franciscans sought a one-volume breviary for its friars to use during travels, so the order adopted the Breviarium Curiae , but substituting

3038-407: The new Divine Office of the Anglican Use personal ordinariates. There are two editions: the North American Edition released in late 2020 for use by the Personal Ordinariate of the Chair of Saint Peter and the Commonwealth Edition to be released in 2021 to replace the Customary in the Personal Ordinariate of Our Lady of Walsingham and introduce an office for the Personal Ordinariate of Our Lady of

3100-495: The next prayer. As the format of unbroken fixed-hour prayer developed in the Christian monastic communities in the East and West, longer prayers soon grew, but the cycle of prayer became the norm in daily life in monasteries . By the fourth century, the characteristics of the canonical hours more or less took their present shape. For secular (non-monastic) clergymen and lay people, the fixed-hour prayers were by necessity much shorter. In many churches and basilicas staffed by monks,

3162-443: The obligation to use the promulgated text in all places, and the total prohibition of adding or omitting anything, declaring in fact: "No one whosoever is permitted to alter this letter or heedlessly to venture to go contrary to this notice of Our permission, statute, ordinance, command, precept, grant, indult declaration, will decree and prohibition. Should anyone, however, presume to commit such an act, he should know that he will incur

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3224-414: The practice of seven fixed prayer times has been taught from the time of the early Church; in Apostolic Tradition , Hippolytus instructed Christians to pray seven times a day "on rising, at the lighting of the evening lamp, at bedtime, at midnight" and "the third, sixth and ninth hours of the day, being hours associated with Christ's Passion." The Christian prayer of that time consisted of almost

3286-552: The prayers at terce, sext, and none. Daily morning and evening prayer preceded daily Mass, for the Mass was first limited to Sundays and then gradually spread to some feast days. The daily prayer kept alive the theme of gratitude from the Sunday "Eucharist" (which means gratitude). The prayers could be prayed individually or in groups. By the third century, the Desert Fathers began to live out Paul's command to "pray without ceasing" ( 1 Thessalonians 5:17 ) by having one group of monks pray one fixed-hour prayer while having another group pray

3348-402: The same elements as the Jewish: recital or chanting of psalms and reading of the Old Testament, to which were soon added readings of the Gospels, Acts, and epistles, and canticles . Other elements were added later in the course of the centuries. The canonical hours stemmed from Jewish prayer . This "sacrifice of praise" began to be substituted for the sacrifices of animals. In Roman cities,

3410-427: The start of church services and the gathering of the convent of a monastery before the liturgy of the hours in the cloister of the abbey was described as a statio . Likewise the term is commonly used for the intermediate stations during pilgrimages , walks of penance and processions , as well as the up to four stations in the procession to the outer altars during Corpus Christi processions. Liturgy of

3472-428: The succeeding revision, the character of Matins was changed to an Office of Readings so that it could be used at any time of the day as an office of Scriptural and patristic readings. Furthermore, the period over which the Psalter is recited has been expanded from one week to four. The Latin hymns of the Roman Office were in many cases restored to the pre-Urban form, albeit several of them were shortened. This Liturgy of

3534-410: The successor to Pius IV who closed the Council of Trent, promulgated an edition, known as the Roman Breviary, with his Apostolic Constitution Quod a nobis , imposing it in the same way in which, two years later, he imposed his Roman Missal and using language very similar to that in the bull Quo primum with which he promulgated the Missal, regarding, for instance, the perpetual force of its provisions,

3596-460: The teaching of the apostles, to the brotherhood, to the breaking of bread and to the prayers' (Acts 2 :42). Many times the Acts of the Apostles testifies that the Christian community prayed together. The testimony of the early Church shows that individual faithful also devoted themselves to prayer at certain hours. In various areas the practice soon gained ground of devoting special times to prayer in common." Early Christians were in fact continuing

3658-437: The three major hours (Matins, Lauds and Vespers) and the minor hours (Terce, Sext, None and Compline) has been retained. All hours, including the minor hours, start with the versicle from Ps 70 (69) v. 2 (as do all offices in the traditional breviary except Matins and Compline): V. Deus, in adiutorium meum intende ; R. Domine, ad adiuvandum me festina ("O God, come to my aid: O Lord, make haste to help me"), followed by

3720-430: The times of day at which in the second millennium they have traditionally been recited, as shown by the use of the word "noon", derived from Latin (hora) nona , to mean midday, not 3 in the afternoon: This arrangement of the Divine Office is described by Benedict. However, it is found in John Cassian 's Twelve books on the institutes of the coenobia and the remedies for the eight principal faults , which describe

3782-406: The wrath of Almighty God and of the Blessed Apostles Peter and Paul." With the same bull, Pius V ordered the general abolition of all breviaries other than his reformed breviary, with the same exception that he was to make in his Quo primum bull: he allowed those legitimately in use for at least 200 years to continue. Examples of such breviaries are the Benedictine ( Breviarium Monasticum ),

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3844-546: Was dedicated to the Aryan cult. The place was later abandoned. In the 11th century, a small church with an adjoining cemetery dedicated to San Pietro was built on the site, at the service of the settlement that had remained on the road, the Borgo. The castrum from which the city took its name was built in 1200 and it can be assumed that it took its name from this already present church. Frederick II of Swabia stayed there several times with his court between 1220 and 1222, conferring many privileges, some of which are very important, for

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