Carinae was an area of ancient Rome . It was one of its most exclusive neighborhoods, where many of the senatorial class lived. Florus described the Carinae as the " most celebrated part of the city " ( celeberrima pars urbis ).
26-774: The Carinae occupied the western end of the southern spur of the Esquiline hill in Rome . The district likely incorporated the earlier Fagutal, with the northern tip of the Oppian Hill on its western side; it extended between the Velian Hill and the Clivus Pullius . Its outlook was southwestern, across the swamps of the Palus Ceroliae toward the Aventine . The slopes of the neighborhood near
52-407: A means of manslaughter in the cases of Hyacinth , Crocus , Phocus , and Acrisius , and as a named event in the funeral games of Patroclus . Discus throwers have been selected as a main motif in numerous collectors' coins. One of the recent samples is the €10 Greek Discus commemorative coin , minted in 2003 to commemorate the 2004 Summer Olympics . On the obverse of the coin a modern athlete
78-410: A metal rim and a metal core to attain the weight. The rim must be smooth, with no roughness or finger holds. A discus with more weight in the rim produces greater angular momentum for any given spin rate, and thus more stability, although it is more difficult to throw. However, a higher rim weight, if thrown correctly, can lead to a longer throw. In some competitions, a solid rubber discus is used (see in
104-665: A moderate headwind achieve the maximum distance. Also, a faster-spinning discus imparts greater gyroscopic stability. The technique of discus throwing is quite difficult to master and needs much experience to perfect; thus most top throwers are 30 years old or more. The discus throw is sometimes contested indoors, but it is not included at the World Athletics Indoor Championships . World Athletics used to keep "world indoor best" discus records, but since 2023 they now combine both indoor and outdoor marks. The discus technique can be broken down into phases. The purpose
130-408: A more efficient posture to start from whilst also isometrically preloading their muscles; this will allow them to start faster and achieve a more powerful throw. They then begin the wind-up, which sets the tone for the entire throw; the rhythm of the wind-up and throw is very important. Focusing on rhythm can bring about the consistency to get in the right positions that many throwers lack. Executing
156-406: A sound discus throw with solid technique requires perfect balance. This is due to the throw being a linear movement combined with a one and a half rotation and an implement at the end of one arm. Thus, a good discus thrower needs to maintain balance within the circle. For a right handed thrower, the next stage is to move the weight over the left foot. From this position the right foot is raised, and
182-485: A sport was resurrected in Magdeburg , Germany, by gymnastics teacher Christian Georg Kohlrausch and his students in the 1870s. Organized men's competition was resumed in the late 19th century, and has been a part of the modern Summer Olympic Games since the first modern competition, the 1896 Summer Olympics . Images of discus throwers figured prominently in advertising for early modern Games, such as fundraising stamps for
208-426: Is an ancient sport, as demonstrated by the fifth-century-BC Myron statue Discobolus . Although not part of the current pentathlon , it was one of the events of the ancient Greek pentathlon , which can be dated back to at least 708 BC, and it is part of the modern decathlon . The sport of throwing the discus traces back to it being an event in the original Olympic Games of Ancient Greece. The discus as
234-671: Is one of the Seven Hills of Rome . Its southernmost cusp is the Oppius ( Oppian Hill ). The origin of the name Esquiline is still under much debate. One view is that the hill was named after the abundance of aesculi ( Italian oaks ) growing there. Another view is that, during Rome's infancy, the Capitolium , the Palatinum , and the northern fringes of the Caelian were the most-populated areas of
260-507: Is to transfer from the back to the front of the throwing circle while turning through one and a half circles. The speed of delivery is high, and speed is built up during the throw (slow to fast). Correct technique involves the buildup of torque so that maximum force can be applied to the discus on delivery. Initially, the thrower takes up their position in the throwing circle, distributing their body weight evenly over both feet, which are roughly shoulder width apart. They crouch in order to adopt
286-417: The Oppius , Nero (37 AD–68 AD) confiscated property to build his extravagant, mile-long Golden House , and later still Trajan (53–117) constructed his bath complex , both of whose remains are visible today. The 3rd-century Horti Liciniani , a group of gardens (including the relatively well-preserved nymphaeum formerly identified as the non-extant Temple of Minerva Medica ), were probably constructed on
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#1732855064394312-487: The 1896 Games, and the main posters for the 1920 and 1948 Summer Olympics . Today the sport of discus is a routine part of modern track-and-field meets at all levels, and retains a particularly iconic place in the Olympic Games. The first modern athlete to throw the discus while rotating the whole body was František Janda-Suk from Bohemia (the present Czech Republic ). Janda-Suk invented this technique when studying
338-480: The Esquiline Hill. 41°53′44″N 12°29′48″E / 41.89556°N 12.49667°E / 41.89556; 12.49667 Discus throw The discus throw ( pronunciation ), also known as disc throw, is a track and field sport in which the participant athlete throws an oblate spheroid weight — called a discus — in an attempt to mark a further distance than other competitors. It
364-771: The Esquiline Hill. Farther to the northeast, at the summit of the Cispius , is the Basilica of Santa Maria Maggiore . In 1781, the first known copy of the marble statue of a discus thrower – the Discobolus of Myron – was discovered on the Roman property of the Massimo family , the Villa Palombara, on the Esquiline Hill. The famous Esquiline Treasure , now in the British Museum , was found on
390-499: The United States ). To make a throw, the competitor starts in a circle of 2.5 m ( 8 ft 2 + 1 ⁄ 4 in) diameter, which is recessed in a concrete pad by 20 millimetres (0.79 in). The thrower typically takes an initial stance facing away from the direction of the throw. They then spin anticlockwise (for right-handers) 1 + 1 ⁄ 2 times while staying within the circle to build momentum before releasing
416-564: The Velia were crossed by the vicus Cyprius , where, according to a Roman tradition taken up by Livy , Tullia would have killed her father Servius Tullius , overwhelming him with her chariot pulled by horses. The same passage from Livy indicates the existence of a temple dedicated to Diana in the Carinae . The Murus Terreus also crossed the Carinae . The district housed the residences of Marcus Tullius Cicero and Gnaeus Pompeius , whose house
442-434: The athlete 'runs' across the circle. There are various techniques for this stage where the leg swings out to a small or great extent, some athletes turn on their left heel (e.g. Ilke Wylluda ) but turning on the ball of the foot is far more common. The aim is to land in the 'power position', the right foot should be in the center and the heel should not touch the ground at any point. The left foot should land very quickly after
468-551: The city, whose inhabitants were considered inquilini ("in-towners"); those who inhabited the external regions – Aurelian, Oppius, Cispius, Fagutal – were considered exquilini ("suburbanites"). The Esquiline Hill includes three prominent spurs, which are sometimes called "hills" as well: Rising above the valley in which was later built the Colosseum , the Esquiline was a fashionable residential district. According to Livy ,
494-609: The competitor. Men and women throw different sized discs, with varying sizes and weights depending on age. The weight of the discus is either governed by World Athletics for international or USA Track & Field for the United States. In the United States, Henry Canine advocated for a lighter-weight discus in high school competition. His suggestion was adopted by the National High School Athletic Association in 1938. The typical discus has sides made of plastic, wood, fiberglass, carbon fiber or metal with
520-399: The discus. The discus must land within a 34.92º circular sector that is centered on the throwing circle. The rules of competition for discus are virtually identical to those of shot put , except that the circle is larger, a stop board is not used and there are no form rules concerning how the discus is to be thrown. The basic motion is a fore-handed sidearm movement. The discus is spun off
546-408: The index finger or the middle finger of the throwing hand. In flight the disc spins clockwise when viewed from above for a right-handed thrower, and anticlockwise for a left-handed thrower. As well as achieving maximum momentum in the discus on throwing, the discus' distance is also determined by the trajectory the thrower imparts, as well as the aerodynamic behavior of the discus. Generally, throws into
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#1732855064394572-449: The position of the statue of Discobolus . After a year of developing the technique, he earned a silver medal in the 1900 Olympics. Women's competition began in the first decades of the 20th century. Following competition at national and regional levels, it was added to the Olympic program for the 1928 games . The event consists of throwing a heavy disc, with the weight or size depending on
598-411: The right. Weight should be mostly over the back foot with as much torque as possible in the body—so the right arm is high and far back. This is very hard to achieve. The critical stage is the delivery of the discus, from this 'power position' the hips drive through hard, and will be facing the direction of the throw on delivery. Athletes employ various techniques to control the end-point and recover from
624-667: The settlement on the Esquiline was expanded during the reign of Servius Tullius , Rome's sixth king, in the 6th century BC. The king also moved his residence to the hill in order to increase its respectability. The political advisor and art patron Maecenas (70–8 BC) sited his gardens , the first in the Hellenistic-Persian garden style in Rome, on the Esquiline Hill, atop the Servian Wall and its adjoining necropolis . It contained terraces, libraries and other aspects of Roman culture. At
650-611: The throw, such as fixing feet (to pretty much stop dead ), or an active reverse spinning onto the left foot (e.g. Virgilijus Alekna ). Sports scientist Richard Ganslen researched the Aerodynamics of the Discus , reporting the discus will stall at an angle of 29°. The discus throw has been the subject of a number of well-known ancient Greek statues and Roman copies such as the Discobolus and Discophoros . The discus throw also appears repeatedly in ancient Greek mythology , featured as
676-595: Was later owned by Mark Antony and then became a possession of the imperial state property (Emperor Tiberius lived there for some time). According to Servius , the name of the district comes from the fact that certain buildings rising close to the Temple of Tellus represented the keels ( carinae in Latin ) of ships. Esquiline hill The Esquiline Hill ( / ˈ ɛ s k w ɪ l aɪ n / ; Latin : Collis Esquilinus ; Italian : Esquilino [eskwiˈliːno] )
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