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19-621: Starting from Lac Sevestre (53 km (33 mi) south-west from Fermont ) on the Canadian Shield , the Caniapiscau River flows northward through a wide, timbered glacial valley until it makes a sharp turn at its confluence with the Rivière aux Mélèzes (Larch River). At this point (called Kanniq Confluence), the river becomes the Koksoak River. The total length of the Caniapiscau River

38-451: A company town in the early 1970s to exploit rich iron ore deposits from Mont Wright , which is about 25 kilometres (16 mi) to the west. The town is notable for the huge self-contained structure containing apartments, stores, schools, bars, a hotel, restaurants, a supermarket and swimming pool; the large building shelters a community of smaller apartment buildings and homes on its leeward side . Popularly known as The Wall ( Le Mur ),

57-543: A minority of the total population. Fermont can also be considered the northernmost town to speak a Romance language . The local economy is entirely dependent on the Mont Wright and Fire Lake mines owned by ArcelorMittal . Over 80% of municipal revenues come from mining operations. Average earnings for full-time workers was $ 63,982 in 2001, compared to $ 39,217 in Quebec as a whole. This went up to $ 70,102 in 2006, whereas

76-514: Is 737 kilometres (458 mi). Since 1985, the headwaters of the Caniapiscau River have been diverted into the La Grande hydroelectric complex. The headwaters of the Caniapiscau River, representing about 45% of the total flow, now drain into the La Grande River of James Bay . The Caniapiscau Reservoir , which covers about 4,300 km (1,700 sq mi), or about nine times the size of

95-607: Is a locality situated in Kiruna Municipality , Norrbotten County , Sweden with 417 inhabitants in 2010. It is a mining village. Mining was started around 1650. Large scale iron mining started in 1965. The mine was closed in 1983, but enrichment of iron ore from the mine at Kiruna is still going on. The mine is owned by LKAB , and there is an ongoing project to open it again for production around year 2015. The designers of Fermont, Quebec in northern Canada were inspired by Svappavaara and similar Swedish towns with regard to

114-646: Is a mining city in Côte-Nord region, Quebec , Canada, near the Quebec-Labrador border about 23 kilometres (14 mi) from Labrador City on Route 389 , which connects to the Trans-Labrador Highway (Newfoundland and Labrador Route 500). It is the seat of the Regional County Municipality of Caniapiscau . Fermont (French contraction of " Fer Mont ", meaning "Iron Mountain") was founded as

133-465: Is actually deeper than some other North Shore locations with heavier snowfall like Sept-Îles . In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada , Fermont had a population of 2,256 living in 976 of its 1,538 total private dwellings, a change of -8.8% from its 2016 population of 2,474 . With a land area of 451.12 km (174.18 sq mi), it had a population density of 5.0/km (13.0/sq mi) in 2021. With French being

152-522: The Fermont post office opened, and in 1974, the place was incorporated as Ville de Fermont . The town, mine and wall were featured in the television crime drama series La Faille (2019). Fermont is in an area of rounded hills and flat areas with peat bogs , wetlands and many lakes and small streams. The valleys show the influence of glacial action and contain undifferentiated glacial till and fluvioglacial deposits of sand and gravel. Lake Perchard, to

171-568: The James Bay region as well as southern hunters do travel to the area by bush plane and via the Trans-Taiga Road . From time to time, the river is visited by canoeists . In 1820, James Clouston, an employee of the Hudson's Bay Company , went down the river to its mouth and named it Caniapuscaw River in his diary and map. In 1828, explorer William Hendry identified it as Canniappuscaw . In 1898,

190-550: The Moisie River. The bloom was due to phosphorus discharge from the treatment plant, which has since been reduced. Fermont has a harsh subarctic climate ( Köppen Dfc ) with long, severe winters and short, mild summers. Although overall not as heavy as in most other parts of the Labrador Peninsula , snowfall is still heavy at around 2.9 metres (114.2 in) and average maximum depth of 85 centimetres (33.46 in) which

209-867: The Quebec side and route 500 on the Labrador side) is the only road access. Route 389 begins in Baie-Comeau and goes north along the Manicouagan Reservoir . The town is accessible by scheduled passenger airline service via the Wabush Airport located in Labrador West . The Cartier Railway connects Port-Cartier to the Mont-Wright mine, but it is only used for transporting iron ore concentrate and bulk equipment. The train no longer carries passengers. Svappavaara Svappavaara ( Meänkieli : Vaskivuori )

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228-608: The depletion of the Jeannine Lake Mine at Gagnon in the late 1960s, the Québec Cartier Mining Company began to develop the Mont Wright Mine . This was a large-scale project that involved mining, processing, and transporting iron ore. Some 1,600 employees would be needed, and the town of Fermont was constructed to house them and their families. By the end of 1972, the first people settled there. The same year,

247-630: The dominant language within the community, Fermont is the world's northernmost Francophone settlement of any considerable size, being located about one degree of latitude north of Dunkirk . Although fluency in French is common in Nunavik and other points north, most in that region have adopted English as their primary language for communication outside their communities. In addition, a Franco-Yukonnais community can be found in Dawson City , Yukon , but it forms only

266-566: The few entertainment options in Fermont's climate, the adult entertainment industry is extremely lucrative in Fermont, and strippers can make a substantial amount of money for their profession. The city council is composed of a mayor and six city councillors. As of October 2020 the mayor is Martin St-Laurent, and the councillors are Bernard Dupont, Danny Bouchard, Cindy Vignola, Marco Ouellet, Daniel Bergeron, and Shannon Power. List of former mayors: The Trans-Quebec–Labrador Route ( route 389 on

285-400: The geologist Albert Peter Low used Kaniapiskau , and by the middle of the 20th century, the current spelling came in use. The Inuit call the river Adlait Kuunga or Allait Kuunga , meaning "Indian River". It was also known as Wauguash River . Caniapiscau River has several spectacular canyons and waterfalls : Fermont, Quebec Fermont ( / ˈ f ɛər m ɒ n t / )

304-681: The natural Lake Caniapiscau, fills a depression in the highest part of the Canadian Shield . The total catchment basin is about 36,800 km (14,200 sq mi). Important variations in the water flow of the Caniapiscau River from 1981 to 1984, during the period when the Caniapiscau Reservoir was being filled, may have contributed to the death by drowning of 9,600 migratory woodland caribou in September 1984 at Chute du Calcaire (about 1.5% of George River herd). The Caniapiscau River basin has no permanent inhabitants, although Cree from

323-568: The north of Fermont, supplies the town with drinking water. The Fermont waste water treatment plant discharges through lakes Daviault and Sans-Nom into Carheil Lake , in the Moisie River watershed. In April 2011 it was reported that water management experts in Sept-Îles were concerned about cyanobacteria , or blue-green algae, that had been found in Carheil Lake and had potential to further affect

342-470: The provincial average dropped to $ 37,722. The mine product is shipped to Port-Cartier on the Cartier Railway where it is converted to pellets. In 2006 the mine was affected by a labour dispute which lasted from early April to early June. It was amicably resolved with a six-year contract renewal. Because of the town's disproportionately high number of (relatively prosperous) men compared to women and

361-621: The structure was designed to be a windscreen to the rest of the town. It permits residents (other than mine workers) to never leave the building during the long winter, which usually lasts about seven months. The town, designed by Maurice Desnoyers and Norbert Schoenauer, was inspired by similar projects in Sweden designed by Ralph Erskine , notably that of Svappavaara , an iron mining town in Sweden . The building measures 1.3 kilometres (4,300 ft) long and stands 15 metres (49 ft) high. Following

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