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71-409: The Canada Dock Branch is a 4-mile 59 chain (7.62 kilometre) long railway line in Liverpool , England . The line's route is from the large Edge Hill rail junction in the east of Liverpool to Seaforth Dock to the north. The line was originally built by the London and North Western Railway terminating at Canada Dock , with a later branch extension added to Alexandra Dock and links onto

142-629: A cabinet government including the leaders of the following six councils: Halton, Knowsley, Liverpool, Sefton, St Helens and Wirral. This decision triggered devolution for what was termed the 'Liverpool City Region'. In January 2009, an agreement was made that the six local authorities would form the Liverpool City Region, in a Multi-Area Agreement (MAA). The agreement led to a transfer, from central government, greater responsibilities in more than ten areas covering employment, skills, transport, regeneration, housing and planning. Hazel Blears ,

213-507: A 100 link chain, 22 yards (66 feet) long, called the Gunter's Chain . Other surveyors chains have been used historically. A longer chain of 100 feet (30.5 m), with a hundred 1 foot (305 mm) links, was devised in the UK in the late 18th century by Jesse Ramsden , though it never supplanted Gunter's chain. Surveyors also sometimes used such a device, and called it the engineer's chain . In

284-505: A 20 m chain, and ±8 mm for a 30 m chain. In India, a revenue chain with 16 links and of length 10 m (33 ft) is used in cadastral surveys . Also in North America, a variant of the chain is used in forestry for traverse surveys . This modern chain is a static cord (thin rope) 50 metres long, marked with a small tag at each metre, and also marked in the first metre every decimetre . When working in dense bush,

355-456: A Dutch map of 1607, and in an English book for surveyors of 1610. In 1593 the English mile was redefined by a statute of Queen Elizabeth I as 5,280 feet, to tie in with agricultural practice . In 1620, the polymath Edmund Gunter developed a method of accurately surveying land using a surveyor's chain 66 feet long with 100 links. The 66-foot unit, which was four perches or rods, took on

426-471: A chain (10.1 m). In rural areas the roads were wider, up to 10 chains (201.2 m) where a stock route was required. 5 chains (100.6 m) roads were surveyed as major roads or highways between larger towns, 3 chains (60.4 m) roads between smaller localities, and 2 chains (40.2 m) roads were local roads in farming communities. Roads named Three Chain Road etc. persist today. The "Queen's Chain"

497-543: A circumference of 0.1 chain (diameter ≈ 2.1 ft or 64 cm) are still readily available in Canada and the United States. For a rectangular tract, multiplying the number of turns of a chain wheel for each of two adjacent sides and dividing by 1,000 gives the area in acres. In Canada, road allowances were originally 1 chain wide and are now 20 metres. The unit was also used in mapping the United States along train routes in

568-582: A convenient Southport connection to long haul mainline trains. The service was withdrawn in October 1977. A new Merseyrail underground station below the mainline Lime Street station gave access from Southport via the Merseyrail Northern Line and Wirral Line. A planned extension to Hornby and Gladstone Docks was abandoned in September 1973, however the extension was built and opened in September 1985 for

639-585: A feasibility study to see about reopening the Canada Dock Branch to passenger traffic. Peel Ports announced plans to expand the railhead at the port in January 2023. Aimed at getting more freight off the road and onto rail, the plans involve extending the railhead length from 400m to 800m to increase capacity at the facility. Chain (unit) The chain has been used since the early 17th century in England, and

710-449: A million people travel on Irish Sea ferry services from Liverpool Docks and Birkenhead's Twelve Quays to Belfast , Dublin and the Isle of Man , and there is a growing number of cruise ships making day calls at the port. A new terminal at Prince's Dock provides check-in, baggage drop and reclaim, as well as customs and border facilities for thousands of cruise liner passengers visiting

781-633: A negative effect on climate change . The airport has responded by saying it 'naturally recognises its wider environmental responsibilities' and has promised measures to protect the areas around the Oglet Shore, with proposals for a revitalised 50 hectare coastal reserve. The airport argues that it brings significant economic benefits to the city region by supporting its international visitor economy and providing jobs for local people. Airport bosses also plan to reach net carbon zero by 2040 through on site renewable energy generation. The Liverpool City Region

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852-402: A new branch line. Since railways are linear in topology, the "mileage" or "chainage" is sufficient to identify a place uniquely on any given route. Thus, a given bridge location may be indicated as 112 miles and 63 chains (181.51 km) from the origin. In the case of the photograph, the bridge is near Keynsham , which is that distance from London Paddington station . The indication "MLN" after

923-511: A population of 1,571,045 in 2022. The region's mayor and combined authority (LCRCA) have a devolution deal responsible for economic development, regeneration, transport, employment and skills, tourism, culture, housing, spatial planning and physical infrastructure. The region's economic development was supported by the Liverpool City Region Local Enterprise Partnership (LEP), established in 2010 as

994-627: A population of 2.3   million. The European Union's ESPON calculated the Liverpool metropolitan area to be over 2.2   million people. The neighbouring local authorities of Warrington Borough Council and West Lancashire are associate members of the Liverpool City Region Combined Authority and thus co-operate (but do not vote) in the Liverpool city region meetings. Since the abolition of Merseyside County Council ,

1065-532: A short axe or hatchet is commonly tied to the end of the chain, and thrown through the bush in the direction of the traverse. Another version used extensively in forestry and surveying is the hip-chain : a small box containing a string counter, worn on the hip. The user ties off the spooled string to a stake or tree and the counter tallies distance as the user walks away in a straight line. These instruments are available in both feet and metres . The lyrics of Three Chain Road , by Lee Kernaghan , include

1136-522: Is a concept that has long existed in New Zealand, of a strip of public land, usually 20 metres (or one chain in pre-metric measure) wide from the high water mark, that has been set aside for public use along the coast, around many lakes, and along all or part of many rivers. These strips exist in various forms (including road reserves, esplanade reserves, esplanade strips, marginal strips and reserves of various types) but not as extensively and consistently as

1207-407: Is a growing airport with annual passenger numbers approaching 5   million, making it one of the UK's busiest airports. Liverpool John Lennon Airport serves more than 60 direct routes which include most major European cities. This extends to over 150 destinations across five continents via a dedicated one-stop hub connection flight to Frankfurt Airport , courtesy of Lufthansa . The airport

1278-821: Is covered by BBC North West and ITV Granada . TalkLiverpool is a local television station serving the Liverpool City Region and surrounding areas which broadcasts to the area. Television signals in the area are received from the Winter Hill TV transmitter and the Storeton relay transmitter which is situated in the Wirral Peninsula . The area has serval radio stations including, BBC Radio Merseyside , Capital Liverpool , Hits Radio Liverpool (formerly Radio City), Greatest Hits Radio Liverpool & The North West , In Demand Radio , Liverpool Live Radio , Heart North West and Smooth North West . Local newspaper that serves

1349-627: Is now styled as Mayor of the Liverpool City Region . The Mayor wields a number of powers devolved from central government and is seen as the chief representative of the city region in National and International affairs, and also serves as the Chairperson of the Combined Authority. The Liverpool City Region Local Enterprise Partnership, which has now been absorbed by the LCRCA, was established in 2010 and

1420-429: Is often assumed. The chain also survives as the length of a cricket pitch , being the distance between the stumps. Civil engineers and surveyors use various instruments including chains to measure distance. Other instruments used for measuring distance include tapes and bands. A steel band is also known as a "band chain". In 1620, the polymath Edmund Gunter developed a method of accurately surveying land using

1491-587: Is operated by Merseytravel , the combined Passenger Transport Executive and integrated transport authority and public sector body responsible for the coordination of public transport across the Liverpool city region. Merseyrail is an urban rail operating almost 800 trains per day carrying over 100,000 passengers within the city region, on its network of 68 stations. The Merseyrail network includes five underground stations in Liverpool City Centre and Birkenhead centre. The UK government has insisted that

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1562-727: Is served by easyJet , Ryanair , Lufthansa , Jet2.com , Wizz Air , Play Airlines , Aer Lingus , Loganair and Widerøe . As part of LJLA's Master Plan, the airport is planning for substantial expansion between 2030 - 2050. This includes larger terminal buildings in order to handle extra passengers, extending the runway, targeting permanent direct long haul flights and creating new hotels, restaurants and commercial space. The expansion plans have sparked concerns by local environmental campaign groups who suggest that expanded airport facilities will encroach on surrounding green space and agricultural land, especially at Oglet Shore . There are also concerns that growth in passenger numbers will have

1633-463: Is traditionally seen as a service sector economy , with its so called knowledge economy providing one third of the local employment base and over 40% of its total economic value. According to statistics for 2008, the Life sciences sector accounts for almost 10% of the region's economy, over 71,000 people are employed in financial and professional services, over 34,000 in manufacturing , and almost 24,000 in

1704-605: The M57 acts as an outer ring road and bypass for the city of Liverpool itself. The area has relatively low road congestion and its central location makes it an efficient base from which to service the whole country. Various parts of the region are separated by the River Mersey , and as a result, Wirral is connected to the centre of Liverpool via the Queensway Tunnel and Kingsway Tunnel , whereas Widnes and Runcorn are connected by

1775-463: The MDHC railway lines. The line is not electrified. The line opened in 1866 between Edge Hill and Canada Dock . Passenger trains ran on the line to Canada Dock from 1870. The initial stations were: Canada Dock , Walton & Anfield , Breck Road , Tue Brook , Stanley and Edge Lane . On 5 September 1881 a sub-branch to Alexandra Dock was opened from the main branch at Atlantic Junction. The branch

1846-455: The Middle East and South America . Imports include grain and animal feed , timber , steel, coal, cocoa, crude oil, edible oils and liquid chemicals; and exports of scrap metal for recycling. A second container terminal, Liverpool2 at Seaforth , was designed to handle the largest Post-Panamax vessels and doubled the port's capacity when it opened in 2016. Almost three quarters of

1917-713: The Port of Liverpool . The Olive Mount chord at Edge Hill junction was re-opened in December 2008, approximately doubling the Canada Dock branch's throughput of freight from the Port of Liverpool to the West Coast Main Line . The reinstatement of the chord was essential for existing port operations, ready for the increase in freight when the Post-Panamax , Liverpool2 container terminal

1988-490: The Secretary of State for Communities and Local Government said: "Today's 'Liverpool city-region' Multi-Area Agreement will mean Merseyside's six councils will no longer have to work alone on their economy, they will work from the same blueprint with more devolved powers to deliver jobs, training, welfare support and economic resilience." A new crest and flag to represent the city region is to be revealed by late 2024, following

2059-548: The Silver Jubilee Bridge . A second six-lane toll bridge under the name Mersey Gateway , to relieve congestion on the ageing Silver Jubilee Bridge, opened in 2017. The bridge is designed to improve transport links between Widnes and Runcorn and other key locations in the vicinity. Major cycling routes on the National Cycle Network (such as National Cycle Route 56 and National Cycle Route 62 ) pass through

2130-878: The Southwestern United States , the vara chain also called the Texas chain , of 20 varas (16.9164 m , or 55 + 1 ⁄ 2  ft) was used in surveying Spanish and later Mexican land grants, such as the major Fisher–Miller and Paisano Grants in Texas, several similarly large ones in New Mexico , and over 200 smaller ranchos in California . Metric chains, of lengths 5 m, 10 m, 20 m and 30 m, are widely used in India. Tolerances are ±3 mm for 5 m and 10 m chains, ±5 mm for

2201-547: The West Coast Main Line and investment in high speed Pendolino trains, means journey time to London Euston is within two hours via Avanti West Coast . East Midlands Railway serves Norwich , Manchester , Sheffield and Nottingham . TransPennine Express operates daily services to Leeds , Middlesbrough , Hull , York , and Newcastle . Northern operates to Huddersfield , Preston , Warrington , and Blackpool , whilst direct links to Birmingham are possible via West Midlands Trains . The sub-regional rail network

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2272-418: The creative and digital industry . The area is strongly connected to global markets, through its ports, airports and by its many multinational companies. World companies such as Barclays Wealth , Jaguar Land Rover , Maersk , Novartis , Sony and Unilever , all have a major base of operation in the locality. Since its creation, the Liverpool city region authorities have overseen and invested in some of

2343-405: The section (640 acres or 259 hectares), quarter-section (160 acres or 64.7 hectares), and quarter-quarter-section (40 acres or 16.19 hectares). Respectively, these square divisions of land are approximately 80 chains (one mile or 1.6 km), 40 chains (half a mile or 800 m), and 20 chains (a quarter mile or 400 m) on a side. The chain is still used in agriculture: measuring wheels with

2414-619: The 1200s, currently between Wirral and Liverpool City Centre at Seacombe, Woodside and Liverpool Pier Head. From 2009–2010 it had 684,000   passengers using the service . The Port of Liverpool handles most commercial shipping, but several other ports on the Wirral peninsula , such as Great Float and Queen Elizabeth II Dock , operate too. The Port of Liverpool is container ports that handles over 33   million   tonnes of freight cargo per year and serves more than 100 global destinations including Africa, Australia, China, India,

2485-520: The 19th century. Railroads in the United States have long since used decimal fractions of a mile. Some subways such as the New York City Subway and the Washington Metro were designed with and continue with a chaining system using the 100-foot engineer's chain . In the United States, the chain is also used as the measure of the rate of spread of wildfires (chains per hour), both in

2556-515: The Long Term Rail Strategy mentions the re-opening of the line to passenger use with new stations at Anfield, Tue Brook and Edge Lane. The expansion of Liverpool FC 's Anfield stadium has led to repeated calls to open the line to passengers and the building of a station to serve the stadium and the Anfield area. It was announced in December 2019 that Liverpool City Council had commissioned

2627-588: The Mayor of Liverpool, a post replaced by Council Leader in 2023, and the chairperson, as the representative, of the local enterprise partnership. The proposed authority was known as the Liverpool City Region Combined Authority up until submission to the Department for Communities and Local Government and the Greater Merseyside Combined Authority in the published scheme. The consultation preceding

2698-582: The Police and Crime Commissioner for Merseyside, the police force for the city region. in 2016 the Cities and Local Government Devolution Act 2016 provided the provisions for Combined Authorities to establish elected "Mayors" to lead their respective regions combined authorities. the LCRCA decided on the creation of a Mayor for the City Region, replacing the need of a Chairperson who previously oversaw CA meetings. in 2017

2769-648: The Port of Liverpool and the Mossend terminal in Glasgow was set up in 2018. It is expected that each trip will consist of about 40 containers. The Department for Transport's Rail electrification document of July 2009, states that the route to Liverpool Docks will be electrified. The Canada Dock Branch Line is the only line into the docks. From the document: The electrification of this branch line would greatly assist in recommissioning passenger trains, as costs would be reduced. The Route Utilisation Strategy document makes note of

2840-417: The UK's fastest growing economy outside London, one of the UK's top three biomedical centres, and has the UK's second largest wealth management industry. The region is largely monocentric with Liverpool as the dominant employment centre, however economic activity is widely spread across the six districts. Broadly speaking Liverpool is the commercial, cultural and transport hub of the region, with Sefton as

2911-405: The UK's largest and most ambitious development and infrastructure schemes which include the following: The Liverpool City Region has a transport network that is connected locally, nationally, and internationally by road, rail, sea and air. The region is served by a network of six motorways ( M58 to the north, M56 to the south, M6 & M62 to the east and M53 to the west). In addition,

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2982-456: The United Kingdom, the chain is no longer used for practical survey work. However, it is still used on the railways as a location identifier. When railways were designed, the location of features such as bridges and stations was indicated by a cumulative longitudinal "mileage", using miles and chains, from a zero point at the origin or headquarters of the railway, or the originating junction of

3053-440: The announcement that Merseytravel , the city region's transport authority, would be renamed Transport for Liverpool City Region . The combined authority of Liverpool City Region includes the local government districts of Liverpool , Halton , Knowsley , Sefton , St Helens and Wirral . Some definitions of the city region include a much wider area. The now revoked North West of England Regional Spatial Strategy defined

3124-451: The authority will use the public name of Liverpool City Region Combined Authority. The Liverpool City Region Combined Authority (LCRCA) is the main governing body for the Liverpool City Region, providing governance of the City Region using powers devolved from Central Government, the current Composition of the Combined Authority is: Constituent Members (Voting): As well as these members there are non voting non constituent members, such as

3195-513: The base of Seaforth Dock and tourist resort of Southport , Halton as the location for chemical, science, technology, logistics and distribution companies, and Knowsley, St Helens and Wirral providing key manufacturing and logistics for the area. The city of Liverpool itself has a compact travel to work area reflecting its position on the North West Atlantic Seaboard and compactness of the surrounding urban area. The city region

3266-571: The benefits of dual-voltage Electric multiple unit trains, which can be utilised on both the third rail Merseyrail network and future electrified lines which are likely to use overhead wires. There is also a serious suggestion to introduce passenger services on this line in the Local Transport Plan for Merseyside. This was again mentioned in Merseytravel's 30-year plan of 2014. The October 2017 Liverpool City Region Combined Authority update to

3337-518: The chain and the link became standard surveyors' units of length and crossed to the colonies. The thirteen states of America were expanding westward and the public land had to be surveyed for a cadastral . In 1784 Thomas Jefferson wrote a report for the Continental Congress proposing the rectangular survey system ; it was adopted with some changes as the Land Ordinance of 1785 on 20 May

3408-688: The chain was mandatory in laying out US townships. A federal law was passed in 1785 (the Public Land Survey Ordinance ) that all official government surveys must be done with a Gunter's (surveyor's) chain. Chains and links are commonly encountered in older metes and bounds legal descriptions. Distances on township plat maps made by the US General Land Office are shown in chains. Under the US Public Land Survey System , parcels of land are often described in terms of

3479-598: The city region for "the purposes of articulating RSS policy" as covering the six local authorities and extending "as far as Chester , Ellesmere Port and Neston and West Lancashire ". A 2011 report, Liverpool City Region –– Building on its Strengths , by an independent working group led by Lord Heseltine and Terry Leahy , stated that "what is now called Liverpool City Region has a population of around 1.5   million", but also referred to "an urban region that spreads from Wrexham and Flintshire to Chester , Warrington , West Lancashire and across to Southport ", with

3550-704: The councils have co-operated as permitted by the Local Government Act 1972 and required by the Local Government Act 1985 , for example the Merseyside Waste Disposal Authority and the Merseyside Passenger Transport Authority . Liverpool City Region's proposal to central government for a combined authority was approved by Parliamentary statutory order in late March, and it legally came into existence from 1 April 2014. Liverpool City Region Combined Authority will become

3621-453: The creation of the combined authority showed strong support for a name including 'Liverpool' rather than 'Merseyside', in order to capitalise and build upon Liverpool’s global ‘brand’. The name was changed to the Halton, Knowsley, Liverpool, St Helens, Sefton and Wirral Combined Authority in the draft order presented to parliament. On 21 February 2014 it was decided by the constituent councils that

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3692-450: The first Mayoral election took place in which Steve Rotheram was elected as the first Mayor. at the time the office was styled "Metro Mayor of the Liverpool City Region" to avoid confusion with the "Mayor of Liverpool" the then council leader of Liverpool City Council, which was abolished in 2023 and replaced by a Council Leader inline with other councils in the City Region. Presently the Office

3763-523: The following year. In the report, the use of the chain as a unit of measurement was mandated, and the chain was defined. The chain is the unit of linear measurement for the survey of the public lands as prescribed by law. All returns of measurement in the rectangular system are made in the true horizontal distance in links, chains, and miles. The only exceptions to this rule are special requirements for measurement in feet in mineral surveys and townsite surveys. Linear Measurement Area Measurement In

3834-506: The imperial system of units in 1824. In India, "metric chains" of exactly 20 metres (65.62 feet) are used, along with fractions thereof. The UK statute chain is 22 yards, which is 66 feet (20.1168 m). This unit is a statute measure in the United Kingdom, defined in the Weights and Measures Act 1985 . One link is a hundredth part of a chain, which is 7.92 inches (20.1168 cm). The surveyor's chain first appears in an illustration in

3905-571: The line "He lived out on the three chain road" which is the name of many Australian roads; referring to the width of the road reserve. Liverpool City Region The Liverpool City Region is a combined authority area in North West England . It has six council areas: the five metropolitan boroughs of Merseyside ( Liverpool , Knowsley , St Helens , Sefton , Wirral ) and the unitary authority of Halton in Cheshire . The region had

3976-534: The mileage is the Engineer's Line Reference describing the route as the Great Western Main Line , which is needed to uniquely determine the bridge, as there may be points at 112 miles 63 chains on other routes. On new railway lines built in the United Kingdom such as High Speed 1 , the position along the alignment is still referred to as "chainage", although the value is now expressed in metres. The use of

4047-544: The name the chain. By 1675 it was accepted, and Ogilby wrote: ...a Word or two of Dimensurators or Measuring Instruments, whereof the mosts usual has been the Chain, and the common length for English Measures 4 Poles, as answering indifferently to the Englishs Mile and Acre, 10 such Chains in length making a Furlong, and 10 single square Chains an Acre, so that a square Mile contains 640 square Acres...' From Gunter's system ,

4118-618: The predictive National Fire Danger Rating System as well as in after-action reports. The term chain is used by wildland firefighters in day-to-day operations as a unit of distance. In Australia and New Zealand , most building lots in the past were a quarter of an acre, measuring one chain by two and a half chains, and other lots would be multiples or fractions of a chain. The street frontages of many houses in these countries are one chain wide—roads were almost always 1 chain (20.1 m) wide in urban areas, sometimes 1.5 chains (30.2 m) or 2.5 chains (50.3 m). Laneways would be half

4189-588: The private sector-led board comprising political and business leaders from around the city region. The LEP's functions were merged into the combined authority in 2023. In 2004, the Government of the United Kingdom launched an initiative to strengthen the economy and quality of life in Northern England . Yorkshire Forward , One NorthEast , and the Northwest Regional Development Agency ,

4260-464: The region had a population of 1,571,045. The Liverpool City Region is strongly established as an important driving force in the economy of Northern England and as a strategic sea and air gateway to the European Union . It connects to North America, Ireland, the Isle of Man , Europe and beyond; serving international, national and regional markets, investors and visitors. In 2008–2010, Liverpool had

4331-520: The region too such as New Brighton and the Wirral Way . Major bus companies are Stagecoach Merseyside and Arriva North West . Liverpool One bus station serves as a terminus for national coach travel. Liverpool Lime Street , the region's main terminal train station, is served by five train operating companies serving a wide variety of destinations, and is used by 11.8   million passengers per year. Improved rail connectivity, including upgrades to

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4402-533: The region will benefit from Britain's new high-speed rail network , due for completion by 2032, even though the new line will not extend into the region. Journey times to London from Liverpool would be cut by 32   minutes under the proposals. Pressure has been put on the government to extend high speed rail into Liverpool's city centre. Liverpool Cruise Terminal provides long-distance passenger cruises, Fred. Olsen Cruise Lines MS  Black Watch and Cruise & Maritime Voyages MS  Magellan using

4473-551: The region, whilst Peel Ports have also planned a second cruise terminal as part of the Liverpool Waters project. Global air connectivity to and from the region is provided by two international airports: Liverpool John Lennon Airport (LJLA) is one of the oldest operational airports in the United Kingdom. Manchester Airport is situated 29 miles from Liverpool city centre . Liverpool John Lennon Airport, situated 6.5 miles (10.5 km) south east of Liverpool city centre

4544-470: The terminal to depart to Iceland , France , Spain and Norway . Leeds and Liverpool Canal and Manchester Ship Canal are the main canal systems. Prince's Landing Stage, Pier Head , Liverpool serves Isle of Man Steam Packet Company summer service to the Isle of Man (and Mersey Ferries). Twelve Quays , Birkenhead ferry port serves winter Isle of Man ferry service and Stena Line to Belfast , Northern Ireland . The Mersey Ferry has operated since

4615-746: The three regional development agencies in the North of England, were invited to form a partnership, and in September 2004, they published the document Moving Forward: The Northern Way First Growth Strategy Report . Within the document, eight city regions in the North were identified, including the Liverpool city region. It was argued that economic growth could be accelerated with the establishment of new city region governance that surpassed existing administrative boundaries to more accurately reflect travel to work areas , catchment areas , housing market areas , and labour market areas . On 13 March 2007, local government minister Phil Woolas announced plans to create

4686-421: The top-tier administrative body of Liverpool City Region. It will be a body corporate responsible for strategic decision making. The six local authorities in the area constituting the combined authority will pool together powers over economic development, regeneration and transport policy. The combined authority originally comprised seven members: the council leaders of Halton, Knowsley, Sefton, St Helens and Wirral,

4757-454: The transport of grain and coal. During 2021, work took place to double the 400 metres of single line section of the track, allowing trains greater flexibility to enter and exit the mainline. The line is currently a freight-only diesel-traction line and is sometimes referred to as the Bootle Branch or Seaforth Container Terminal Branch (SCT) providing the sole remaining rail connection to

4828-463: Was brought by British settlers during the colonial period to other countries around the globe. In the United Kingdom, there were 80 chains to the mile, but until the early nineteenth century the Scottish and Irish customary miles were longer than the statute mile ; consequently a Scots chain was about 74 (imperial) feet, an Irish chain 84 feet. These longer chains became obsolete following the adoption of

4899-559: Was completed at Seaforth Dock . The container terminal can berth the world's largest container ships, transporting up to 14,000 containers per ship. Biomass wood pellets are imported into Liverpool and delivered to the Drax power station in Yorkshire via the rail link. The service started in 2015 with four trains a day, each carrying 25 wagons containing approximately 1,600 tonnes (1,800 tons) of biomass pellets. A thrice-weekly rail link between

4970-623: Was in a cutting to the south west of Kirkdale Station . This added the Alexandra Dock and Bootle Balliol Road stations to the line. A further station as added in 1882 at County Road named Spellow . On 1 May 1886 a junction with the Liverpool, Crosby and Southport Railway was opened from the Alexandra Branch. By 31 May 1948 all the passenger stations on the line closed. The line continued to be used by regular Southport to Liverpool Lime Street services, which operated primarily to provide

5041-578: Was the local enterprise partnership (LEP) for Liverpool City Region. The LEP initiated Mersey Waters Enterprise Zone , which was set up in 2012. The enterprise zone contains two sites, Liverpool Waters and Wirral Waters . in April 2023 the LEP announced that it would be integrated as a department of the Combined Authority as the Business and Enterprise Board of the Liverpool City Region Combined Authority. In 2022

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