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38-473: Camerini may refer to: Camerini , people of Cameria or Camerium, an ancient city of Latium Camerini d'alabastro , range of rooms built in Ferrara , northern Italy Camerini (surname) , Italian surname See also [ edit ] Camerino Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with

76-461: A temple built on the spot where the Romans and Sabines laid down their arms during the reign of Romulus (traditionally reigned 753–717 BC). The institution of the senate was always ascribed to Romulus; although the first senate was said to comprise 100 members, the earliest number which can be called certain is 300, probably connected with the three tribes and 30 curiae also attributed to Romulus. After

114-806: A curia. Today, the most famous curia is the Curia of the Roman Catholic Church , which assists the Roman Pontiff in the hierarchical government of the Church. The word curia is thought to derive from Old Latin coviria , meaning 'a gathering of men' ( co- , 'together' = vir , 'man'). In this sense, any assembly, public or private, could be called a curia . In addition to the Roman curiae, voting assemblies known as curiae existed in other towns of Latium , and similar institutions existed in other parts of Italy. During

152-567: A group of Camerian exiles, together with exiles from Fidenae, joined Octavius Mamilius in urging the Latin League to make war upon Rome. Dionysius does not mention Cameria among the cities of the Latin League that joined with Mamilius and Tarquin in 498. Pliny the Elder includes Cameria in a list of Latin cities that no longer existed by the first century. The surname Camerinus was borne by

190-407: Is also refuted by Mommsen . Each curia had its own sacra , in which its members, known as curiales, worshipped the gods of the state and other deities specific to the curia, with their own rites and ceremonies. Each curia had a meeting site and place of worship, named after the curia. Originally, this may have been a simple altar, then a sacellum , and finally a meeting house. The curia

228-404: Is more broadly used to designate an assembly , council , or court , in which public, official, or religious issues are discussed and decided. Lesser curiae existed for other purposes. The word curia also came to denote the places of assembly, especially of the senate . Similar institutions existed in other towns and cities of Italy. In medieval times, a king's council was often referred to as

266-628: Is referred to their Curia. The Court of Justice of the European Union uses "CURIA" (in roman script) in its official emblem. The term curia may refer to separate electoral colleges in a system of reserved political positions (reserved seats), e.g. during the British mandate of Palestine at the third election (1931) of the Asefat HaNivharim there were three curiae, for the Ashkenazi Jews ,

304-420: Is sometimes translated as ' ward '. Only a few of the names of the 30 curiae have been preserved, including Acculeia, Calabra, Faucia, Foriensis, Rapta, Veliensis, Tifata , and Titia. The assertion that the plebeians were not members of the curiae, or that only the dependents ( clientes ) of the patricians were admitted, and not entitled to vote, is expressly contradicted by Dionysius . This argument

342-471: Is uncertain whether its name is connected with that of Camers , the name of two mythological personages alluded to by Virgil . The location of Cameria is no longer known with certainty, but the most likely candidate for its modern location is the town of Palombara Sabina , built on a hill near the foot of Monte Gennaro . Dionysius of Halicarnassus relates that in the early years of the Roman Kingdom,

380-669: The Palatine pomerium of Roma quadrata . It is probable that this shrine was located at the northeast corner of the Palatine Hill . Its remains have likely been identified in excavations carried out by Clementina Panella . As the Republic continued, the curiae grew too large to meet conveniently at the Curiae Veteres , and a new meeting place, the Curiae Novae , was constructed. A few of

418-746: The Ramnes, Tities , and Luceres , was divided into ten curiae. In theory, each gens (family, clan) belonged to a particular curia, although whether this was strictly observed throughout Roman history is uncertain. Each curia had a distinct name, said to have been derived from the names of some of the Sabine women abducted by the Romans in the time of Romulus. However, some of the curiae evidently derived their names from particular districts or eponymous heroes. The curiae were probably established geographically, representing specific neighborhoods in Rome, for which reason curia

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456-445: The comitium , and abandoned the original orientation of the previous curiae, pointing slightly northwest. The building featured a large central hall with a daïs for magistrates, and marble benches on one side. There was also a record office on one side. The building was completed by Caesar's grandnephew, Octavian , the future emperor Augustus, in 29 BC, although he reduced the senate itself to its former number of 600. The Curia Cornelia

494-408: The curio maximus was probably elected by the curiones , but in later times by the people themselves. Each curia was attended by one lictor ; an assembly of the comitia curiata was attended by thirty lictors. The comitia curiata voted to confirm the election of magistrates by passing a law called the lex curiata de imperio . It also witnessed the installation of priests, and adoptions, and

532-469: The dictator Lucius Cornelius Sulla in 80 BC. Sulla had doubled the senate's membership from 300 to 600, necessitating a larger building, which retained the original orientation of the Curia Hostilia , but extended further south into the comitium. In 52 BC, following the murder of Publius Clodius Pulcher , his clientes set fire to the senate house, which was rebuilt by Faustus Cornelius Sulla , son of

570-482: The Camerini came into conflict with the Romans led by Romulus , the legendary founder and first King of Rome , and Titus Tatius , the leader of the Sabine population at Rome, who ruled alongside Romulus for five years. According to Dionysius, the expedition against the Camerini was the only military venture undertaken by the two kings during what was otherwise a peaceful period in Rome's early history. Roman territory

608-542: The city following the destruction of the Sublician Bridge , and instead ravaged the Roman countryside. In 504 BC, Cameria was one of two Latin cities, together with Fidenae , which joined the Sabines in making war upon Rome. The Sabines and their allies were defeated, and Fidenae taken by storm, but the Sabines and Camerini resumed hostilities the following year. In 502, the consul Opiter Verginius Tricostus undertook

646-647: The city. In the Western Empire, one hundred seems to have been a common number, but in the East five hundred was customary, on the model of the Athenian Boule. However, by the fourth century, curial duties had become onerous, and it was difficult to fill all the posts; often candidates had to be nominated. The emperor Constantine exempted Christians from serving in the curiae, which led to many rich pagans claiming to be priests in order to escape these duties. The concept of

684-416: The curia as a governing body, or the court where such a body met, carried on into medieval times, both as a secular institution, and in the church. In medieval times, a king's court was frequently known as the curia regis , consisting of the king's chief magnates and councilors. In England, the curia regis gradually developed into Parliament . In France, the curia regis or Conseil du Roi developed in

722-456: The curiae continued to meet at the Curiae Veteres due to specific religious obligations. In the Roman Empire a town council was known as a curia, or sometimes an ordo , or boule . The existence of such a governing body was the mark of an independent city. Municipal curiae were co-optive, and their members, the decurions , sat for life. Their numbers varied greatly according to the size of

760-544: The dictator. Following this reconstruction, the building came to be called the Curia Cornelia . A generation after Sulla enlarged the senate from 300 members to 600, Julius Caesar increased its membership to 900, necessitating the construction of a larger meeting house. Shortly before his death in 44 BC, Caesar began the construction of a new building, which became known as the Curia Julia . This structure covered most of

798-461: The fifth King of Rome, during his final campaign, along with Corniculum, Ficulea , Crustumerium , Ameriola , Medullia , and Nomentum . Dionysius relates that Cameria submitted to Tarquin after receiving favourable terms, indicating that the city had regained its independence since its earlier conquest. Following the expulsion of Tarquin the Proud , the seventh and last Roman King, in 509 BC, Cameria

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836-404: The former Camerian territory. The Camerini then began harassing the Roman settlers, hoping to drive them from the captured land. Romulus and Tatius marched against the Camerini a second time, quickly scattering their men, and seizing the town's remaining territory. A Roman colony was sent to Cameria, but about four thousand Camerini were invited to settle at Rome, where they were divided among

874-467: The making of wills. The Pontifex Maximus may have presided over these ceremonies. The assembly probably possessed much greater authority before the establishment of the comitia centuriata , which gradually assumed many of the curiate assembly's original functions. Since the Roman Kingdom , the meeting-house of the Roman senate was known as the curia. The original meeting place was said to have been

912-720: The oldest family of the Sulpicia gens , one of the most illustrious patrician families of ancient Rome, and probably indicated that the Sulpicii originated at Cameria. Members of this family frequently held the highest offices of the Roman state from the earliest years of the Republic until the second century AD, and the name occurs to the end of Roman history. Tacitus reports that the Coruncanii were also from Cameria. Curia Curia ( pl. : curiae) in ancient Rome referred to one of

950-418: The original groupings of the citizenry, eventually numbering 30, and later every Roman citizen was presumed to belong to one. While they originally probably had wider powers, they came to meet for only a few purposes by the end of the Republic : to confirm the election of magistrates with imperium, to witness the installation of priests , the making of wills , and to carry out certain adoptions . The term

988-469: The original temple was destroyed by fire, it was replaced by a new meeting house by Tullus Hostilius , the third King of Rome (traditionally reigned 673–642 BC). The Curia Hostilia stood on the north end of the Comitium , where the comitia curiata and other Roman assemblies met, and was oriented along the four cardinal points . After more than 500 years of service, the building was restored and enlarged by

1026-492: The republic, local curiae were established in Italian and provincial municipia and coloniae . In imperial times , local magistrates were often elected by municipal senates, which also came to be known as curiae. By extension, the word curia came to mean not just a gathering, but also the place where an assembly would gather, such as a meeting house. In Roman times, curia had two principal meanings. Originally it applied to

1064-475: The senate house into the church of Sant'Adriano al Foro , preserving the structure at its full height. In 1923, the church and an adjacent convent were bought by the Italian government. The building was further restored from 1935 to 1937, removing various medieval additions, to reveal the original Roman architecture. The Curiae Veteres was the earliest sanctuary of the thirty curiae. It is discussed by both Varro and by Tacitus , who mentions it as one point of

1102-461: The thirty curiae . At some point following the death of Tatius, the Camerini took advantage of a pestilence at Rome by attacking the colonists, killing some and driving out the rest. Romulus retook the city, along with half of its remaining territory, and placed a garrison there to forestall future revolts. According to Livy , Cameria was one of the Prisci Latini taken by Tarquin the Elder ,

1140-450: The title Camerini . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Camerini&oldid=1187617029 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Cameria Cameria

1178-745: The twelfth century, with the term gradually becoming applied to a judicial body, and falling out of use by the fourteenth century. In the Roman Catholic Church, the administrative body of the Holy See is known as the Roman Curia . It is through this Curia that the Roman Pontiff conducts the business of the Church as a whole. Among older religious orders , the governing council of the Superior General or Regional Superior and his or her assistants

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1216-470: The war with Cameria, marching his forces to the city under cover of darkness, and mounting a surprise attack at dawn. Thrown into confusion, the Camerini could not resolve upon resistance or capitulation, and the city was swiftly taken. Verginius allowed the plunder of the city, executed the leaders responsible for undertaking war against Rome, razed the city, and sold the survivors into slavery. The last mention of Cameria in Roman history occurs in 501, when

1254-428: The wards of the comitia curiata . However, over time the name became applied to the senate house, which in its various incarnations housed meetings of the Roman senate from the time of the kings until the beginning of the seventh century AD. The most important curiae at Rome were the 30 that together made up the comitia curiata. Traditionally ascribed to the kings, each of the three tribes established by Romulus ,

1292-523: Was demolished, but the precise date is not known. In AD 94, the Curia Julia was rebuilt along Caesar's original plan by the emperor Domitian , who also restored the former orientation of the Curia Hostilia . The building was damaged by fire during the reign of Carinus in 283, and again restored under his successor, Diocletian . The Roman Senate is last mentioned in AD 600. In 630, Pope Honorius I transformed

1330-465: Was one of the most ancient cities of Latium, having been established as a colony of Alba Longa , long before the founding of Rome. Diodorus Siculus attributes its foundation to Latinus Silvius, one of the Alban kings . It was numbered among the Prisci Latini , the old Latin towns whose inhabitants were regarded as aborigines ; that is, those who had lived there ab origine , "from the beginning". It

1368-487: Was one of the towns which rallied to the banners of Octavius Mamilius , the dictator of Tusculum , and Tarquin's son-in-law. Mamilius led a coalition of Latin cities in an attempt to restore Tarquin to the throne, in concert with the Etruscan king Lars Porsena of Clusium . Mamilius marched to Porsena's aid at the head of an army composed of Tusculans, Camerini, and Antemnates , but his forces were prevented from entering

1406-410: Was presided over by a curio ( pl. : curiones ), who was always at least 50 years old, and was elected for life. The curio undertook the religious affairs of the curia. He was assisted by another priest, known as the flamen curialis . When the 30 curiae gathered to make up the comitia curiata , they were presided over by a curio maximus , who until 209 BC was always a patrician. Originally,

1444-444: Was regularly raided by parties from Cameria, and the city ignored repeated Roman demands to stop the "robbers", or otherwise redress the injury done to Roman property. Romulus and Tatius marched on Cameria, defeating the Camerini in a pitched battle, and then laying siege to the town, which they took by storm. The Camerini were disarmed, and a third of their territory was seized by Rome and allocated to its people, who began to settle in

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