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26-588: The Camarillo White Horse is a rare horse breed known for its pure white color . It dates back to 1921, when Adolfo Camarillo , one of the last Californios , purchased a 9-year-old stallion named Sultan at the California State Fair in Sacramento . The Camarillo White horse was owned and bred by the Camarillo family until the death of Adolfo Camarillo’s daughter Carmen in 1987. The Camarillo White Horse

52-612: A White Star Line official who was interested in their work, but they declined and took the more humble liner the SS ; Lapland . According to a biography by C. Howard Hopkins, in New York City the two men heard what happened to the Titanic , looked at each other and remarked that, "The Good Lord must have more work for us to do." After touring Europe and promoting ecumenism, Mott traveled to Asia where, from October 1912 to May 1913, he held

78-403: A designer crossbred . For the purposes of this list, certain groups of horses that have an organization or registry that records individual animals for breeding purposes, at least in some nations, but does not clearly fall to either the breed or type categories are listed here. This list does not include organizations that record horses strictly for competition purposes. A "type" of horse is not

104-642: A "Stallion of a dream." Camarillo found Sultan at the 1921 California State Fair in Sacramento being shown by the Miller & Lux cattle ranch. Camarillo purchased Sultan and the pair went on to win many championships throughout California. Camarillo bred Sultan to Morgan mares at the Camarillo Ranch , developing a line of horses privately owned and bred by the Camarillo family for the next 65 years. Upon Camarillo’s death in 1958, Adolfo’s daughter Carmen took over

130-514: A breed but is used here to categorize groups of horses or horse breeds that are similar in appearance ( phenotype ) or use. A type usually has no breed registry , and often encompasses several breeds. However, in some nations, particularly in Europe, there is a recording method or means of studbook selection for certain types to allow them to be licensed for breeding. Horses of a given type may be registered as one of several different recognized breeds, or

156-406: A breed, a crossbreed, or a "type”, depending on the stage of breed recognition. In some cultures and for some competition-sanctioning organizations, a horse that normally matures less than about 145 cm or 14.2  hands (58 inches, 147 cm) when fully grown may be classified as a " pony ". However, unless the principal breed registry or breed standard describes the breed as a pony, it

182-671: A grouping may include horses that are of no particular pedigree but meet a certain standard of appearance or use. Prior to approximately the 13th century, few pedigrees were written down, and horses were classified by physical type or use. Thus, many terms for Horses in the Middle Ages did not refer to breeds as we know them today, but rather described appearance or purpose. These terms included: Many breeds of horse have become extinct , either because they have died out, or because they have been absorbed into another breed: John Mott John Raleigh Mott (May 25, 1865 – January 31, 1955)

208-634: A preferred color, not color breeds, and include the Friesian horse , the Cleveland Bay , the Appaloosa , and the American Paint Horse . The best-known "color breed" registries that accept horses from many different breeds are for the following colors: The distinction is hotly debated between a standardized breed, a developing breed with an open studbook , a registry of recognized crossbred horses, and

234-797: A series of 18 regional and national conferences, including in Ceylon, India, Burma, Malaya, China, Korea and Japan. He also worked with Robert Hallowell Gardiner III to maintain relations with the Russian Orthodox Church and Archbishop Tikhon after the Russian Revolution. From 1920 until 1928, Mott served as the WSCF Chairperson. For his labors in both missions and ecumenism, as well as for peace, some historians consider him to be "the most widely traveled and universally trusted Christian leader of his time". Mott married twice. His first wife

260-412: A well-arched neck. True white is a difficult color to achieve, because any given mating of a white horse has only a 50% chance to produce white offspring. All known white horses have only one copy of the white gene. It is believed to be impossible for a horse to have two copies, because the embryo would be unable to develop and the pregnancy would terminate. The color of Camarillo White horses comes from

286-490: Is known for its pure white color, which includes pink skin under the white hair coat. Unlike a gray horse that is born dark and lightens as it gets older, Camarillo White horses are white from birth and remain white throughout their lives. The breed is not only a color breed . It has other distinctive physical characteristics, including a compact and refined build. They are known to have strong limbs, an expressive face, large eyes, well-defined withers, laid back shoulders and

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312-446: Is listed in this section, even if some or all representatives are small or have some pony characteristics. Ponies are listed in the § Pony breeds section below. If a breed is described as a "pony" by the breed standard or principal breed registry, it is listed in this section, even if some individuals have horse characteristics. All other breeds are listed in the § Horse breeds section above. (Because of this designation by

338-477: Is no scientifically accepted definition of the term "breed", a breed is generally defined as having distinct true-breeding characteristics over a number of generations. Its members may be called purebred . In most cases, bloodlines of horse breeds are recorded with a breed registry . The concept is somewhat flexible in horses, as open stud books are created for recording pedigrees of horse breeds that are not yet fully true-breeding. Registries are considered

364-428: Is the stud book limited in any fashion. As a general rule, the color also does not always breed on (in some cases due to genetic impossibility), and offspring without the stated color are usually not eligible for recording with the color breed registry. There are breeds that have color that usually breeds "true" as well as distinctive physical characteristics and a limited stud book. These horses are true breeds that have

390-659: The World Health Organization . After Leila Mott died in 1952, Mott remarried in 1953, to Agnes Peter, a descendant of Martha Custis Washington . He died in 1955, in Orlando, Florida , aged 89 years. His papers are held at the Yale Divinity School Library. In 2022, John Raleigh Mott was officially added to the Episcopal Church liturgical calendar with a feast day on October 3. The high school of

416-425: The dominant white allele W4 , which as the name suggests, dominantly produces a white color. When homozygous, this allele is believed to be lethal at an early stage of embryonic development. Camarillo White horses do not carry the genes for Lethal white syndrome . All Camarillo White Horses trace back to a single foundation sire , Sultan, a Spanish Mustang born in 1912 that Camarillo would later describe as

442-459: The horse breeding operation. She continued to show the horses at parades and events for the enjoyment of the people of Ventura County until her death in 1987, when, according to her wishes, the horses were sold at public auction , ending the tradition of exclusive ownership of the breed by the Camarillo family. In 1989, five individuals decided to regroup the horses for public performances. By 1991, when only 11 horses remained, it became apparent

468-876: The 1930s on, Camarillo White Horses became famous all along the California coast for their performances at various events. They became well known as regular participants in the Tournament of Roses Parade and even attended the parade to open the San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge . They are the official horse of the city of Camarillo . They have appeared in every Santa Barbara Fiesta parade since it began in 1924. Many people of note have ridden Camarillo White Horses, including (then- Governor ) Ronald Reagan , 1946 Nobel Peace Prize recipient John Mott , movie star Leo Carrillo , and Steven Ford (son of President Gerald Ford ). List of horse breeds While there

494-627: The WSCF. Intimately involved in the formation of the World Council of Churches in 1948, that body elected him as a lifelong honorary President. He helped found the World Student Christian Federation in 1895, the 1910 World Missionary Conference and the World Council of Churches in 1948. His best-known book, The Evangelization of the World in this Generation , became a missionary slogan in

520-530: The authority as to whether a given breed is listed as a "horse" or a "pony". There are also a number of " color breed ", sport horse , and gaited horse registries for horses with various phenotypes or other traits, which admit any animal fitting a given set of physical characteristics, even if there the trait is not a true-breeding characteristic. Other recording entities or specialty organizations may recognize horses from multiple breeds, or are recording designer crossbreds . Such animals may be classified here as

546-524: The breed could die out, and the idea for an association began. In 1992, the Camarillo White Horse Association was formed. To avoid inbreeding , the registry has an open stud book , requiring at least one parent to be of Camarillo's original stock, but allowing the other parent to be from various breeds, including Andalusian and Standardbred bloodlines. They also maintain a separate record of non-white foals from these bloodlines. From

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572-540: The early 20th century. Mott was born in Livingston Manor , Sullivan County, New York , on May 25, 1865, and his family moved to Postville, Iowa , in September of the same year. He attended Upper Iowa University , where he studied history and was an award-winning student debater. He transferred to Cornell University , where he received his bachelor's degree in 1888. He was influenced by Arthur Tappan Pierson one of

598-526: The forces behind the Student Volunteer Movement for Foreign Missions , which was founded in 1886. In 1910, Mott, an American Methodist layperson, presided at the 1910 World Missionary Conference , which was an important milestone in the modern Protestant missions movement and some say the modern ecumenical movement . Mott and a colleague were offered free passage on the Titanic in 1912 by

624-430: The preference of a given breed registry, most miniature horse breeds are listed as "horses", not ponies.) There are some registries that accept horses (and sometimes ponies and mules) of almost any breed or type for registration. Color is either the only criterion for registration or the primary criterion. These are called " color breeds ", because unlike "true" horse breeds, there are few other physical requirements, nor

650-625: Was a teacher, Leila Ada White. They married in 1891 and had two sons and two daughters, including Irene Mott Bose , a social worker in India, and wife of Indian Supreme Court justice Vivian Bose ; John Livingstone Mott , who received the Kaisar-i‐Hind silver medal in 1931, for his work with the YMCA in India; and Frederick Dodge Mott , who worked in healthcare planning in Canada, and was Canada's representative to

676-593: Was an evangelist and long-serving leader of the Young Men's Christian Association ( YMCA ) and the World Student Christian Federation (WSCF). He received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1946 for his work in establishing and strengthening international Protestant Christian student organizations that worked to promote peace . He shared the prize with Emily Balch . From 1895 until 1920 Mott was the General Secretary of

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