Misplaced Pages

#646353

52-648: Cagli occupies the site of an ancient village on the Via Flaminia , which seems to have borne the name Cale, or Callium 39 km (24 mi) north of Helvillum (now Sigillo ) and 29 km (18 mi) southwest of Forum Sempronii (now Fossombrone ). In the 6th century it was one of the strongholds of the Byzantine Pentapolis . A free commune was founded in Cagli at the end of the 12th century, and it quickly subdued more than 52 surrounding castles, overthrowing

104-502: A branch road ran to Septempeda and thence either to Ancona or to Tolentinum ( Tolentino ) and Urbs Salvia ( Urbisaglia ) and Helvillum (site uncertain, probably Sigillo , but possibly Fossato di Vico ), to cross the main ridge of the Apennines , a temple of Jupiter Apenninus standing at or near the summit of the pass according to one ancient author. From there it descended to Cales ( Cagli ), where it turned north-east following

156-402: A certain degree of pride. Particularly unusual is the secret passage (the soccorso coverto ) that links the tower to the imposing ruins of the diamond-shaped fortress (demolished in 1502). The fortifications date back to a time when architects like Francesco di Giorgio Martini were testing out innovative solutions to the problems posed by new developments in artillery. Since 1989, the rooms of

208-584: A few inscriptions — mark the straight line of the road quite clearly. A small stretch of the road remains in the ruins of Carsulae where it passes through the Arco di Traiano. The road was used as part of the individual road race cycling event for the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome . In Rome it runs past and gives its name to the Stadio Flaminio sports stadium. Gaetano Lapis Gaetano Lapis (1706–1773)

260-508: A letter of Cassiodorus mentions work done to repair the road. After the emperor Justinian invaded Italy, competition between the Goths and Romans over strongpoints on the road resulted in more activity through a route that ran slightly to the north through Perugia, the old Etruscan Via Amerina . The Lombard conquest ultimately resulted in the breaking of the Via Flaminia. In the late sixth century

312-458: A more circuitous route from Narnia to Forum Flaminii was adopted, increasing the distance by 12 Roman miles (18 km) and passing by Interamna Nahars ( Terni ), Spoletium ( Spoleto ) and Fulginium ( Foligno ) from which a branch diverged to Perusia ( Perugia ). From Forum Flaminii , where the two branches rejoined, the Flaminia went on to Nuceria Camellaria ( Nocera Umbra ) whence

364-617: A prosperous centre. A register of taxes paid to the Church in 1312, revised after a heavy fall in population due to famine, shows that Cagli then numbered around 7,200 inhabitants. Shortly afterwards, in the Constitutiones Aegidianae of 1357, Cagli appeared among the nine major cities in the Marca (along with Pesaro, Fano and Fossombrone). The economic development of the city centred mainly on the manufacture of woollen cloth (later also silk) and

416-637: A remarkable polychrome group in the niche depicting the Madonna della Misericordia . On the two side altars (c. 1625) are works by Claudio Ridolfi , and the predella showing the Massacre of the Innocents (1634) by Girolamo Cialdieri . Passing through the loggia (built in a 15th-century style, though erected in 1560), the interior has an elaborate main altar dating from the mid-17th century. Made from gilded and lacquered wood with great Solomonic columns, at its centre

468-523: A rich canopy, accompanied by members of the Confraternity of the Blessed Sacrament. [REDACTED]   This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain :  Chisholm, Hugh , ed. (1911). " Cagli ". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. Via Flaminia The Via Flaminia ( lit.   ' Flaminian Way ' )

520-439: Is now congested by heavy traffic between north Italy and the capital at Rome. It remains a country road, while the traffic crosses by railway and autostrada through dozens of tunnels between Florence and Bologna , a shorter, more direct route under the ridges and nearly inaccessible passes. It was constructed by Gaius Flaminius during his censorship , around 220 BC. Sources mention frequent improvements being made to it during

572-563: Is the Presentation in the Temple by Gaetano Lapis . 14th-century frescoes can be seen beneath the 1576 layer of plaster. In the spacious crypt (stairs to the side of the Tiranni Chapel) is a cycle of frescoes by Antonio Viviani . About 8 kilometres (5 miles) to the northwest of Cagli and 4 km (2 mi) west of the Via Flaminia, at the modern Acqualagna , is the site of an ancient town;

SECTION 10

#1733106122647

624-551: Is the painting depicting Noli me tangere (1504), signed "THIMOTHEI DE VITE URBINAT. OPUS", a masterwork by Timoteo Viti , alongside his work in the mausoleum of the Dukes of Urbino. Piazza Matteotti - once known as Piazza Maggiore - is dominated by the 13th century Palazzo Pubblico , or Town Hall, built to house the city's governors. The building, onto which was added the Palazzo del Podestà (the monumental façade overlooks via Alessandri),

676-676: Is topped by a 16th-century fresco of the Madonna della Misericordia. The interior was decorated with frescoes, of which several large fragments still remain: the Martyrdom of St Apollinia (1455) is by Jacopo Bedi from nearby Gubbio, while the others have elements that are reminiscent of the Basilica of San Francesco in Assisi. The main altar, with its 15th-century canopy with the Four Evangelists , also has

728-621: The Celestines , a branch of the Benedictine order, after the reconstruction of the city in 1289. The front portal dates from 1483, the apse from 1655 and the bell tower from 1654. Inside, the principal works are by Giovanni Santi , father of Raphael. These are (from the left) the funeral monument with a fresco of Christ in the Tomb between Saints Jerome and Bonaventure (1481) and the celebrated Tiranni Chapel, considered to be his masterpiece, which dates from

780-775: The Chi Rho , leading to his conversion to Christianity and the Christianization of the Roman Empire . Today the same route, still called by the same name for much of its distance, is paralleled or overlaid by Strada Statale (SS) 3, also called Strada Regionale (SR) 3 in Lazio and Umbria , and Strada Provinciale (SP) 3 in Marche . It leaves Rome, goes up the Val Tevere ("Valley of the Tiber ") and into

832-602: The Po valley supplied Rome and central Italy. A number of major battles were fought on or near the Via Flaminia, for example at Sentinum (near the modern Sassoferrato ) and near Tadinum (the modern Gualdo Tadino ). Constantine the Great 's famous Battle of the Milvian Bridge also occurred on the road, after his nearby dream of the Chi Rho (which led to his conversion and that of the Roman Empire to Christianity ). In late antiquity

884-584: The Ponte d'Augusto , the largest Roman bridge ever built, a splendid four-arched structure to which Martial alludes, one arch of which is still standing. It went on, followed at first by the modern road to Casuentum ( San Gemini ) which passes over two finely preserved ancient bridges, through Carsulae to the Vicus Martis Tudertium (near modern Massa Martana ), then Mevania ( Bevagna ), and thence to Forum Flaminii (S. Giovanni Profiamma). Later,

936-1021: The Porta Fontinalis , a gate in the Servian Wall in ancient Rome, on the northern slope of the Capitoline Hill . It followed the Via Lata from the Campidoglio to the Porta Flaminia , a city gate of the Aurelian Walls , and the Piazzale Flaminio . This portion can be considered the urban stretch of the Via Flaminia. The road then crosses the Tiber at the Ponte Milvio . While the Via Cassia split off north,

988-480: The Fano-Fabriano-Rome railway, the construction of the new Municipal Theatre, and new public spaces gave substance to the progressive vision of the future. At the same time, the confraternities were stripped of their roles in city life and the monasteries were confiscated. Cagli's destiny was now absorbed within the wider context of Italy's national history. The railway line was destroyed by Nazi forces in 1944 and

1040-780: The Secondo Maestro of the Oratory of St John the Baptist, Urbino ; the Miracles of the Snow by Ernst van Schayck (1617) and a young Gaetano Lapis (1730); a processional wooden crucifix, from the Northern European school, from the second half of the 15th century; an altarpiece (1540) by Raffaellino del Colle . The organ - attributed to Baldassarre Malamini - is the oldest in the Marche region and dates from

1092-450: The Via Flaminia lost its importance as a major road, marking a long period of decline for Cagli and the surrounding valleys, which was to be reversed only towards the end of the second Millennium. The fortified complex, built in 1481, was designed for Duke Federico III da Montefeltro by Francesco di Giorgio Martini . The latter in his Treatise, places Cagli as first among his six outstanding fortresses, and describes it in great detail with

SECTION 20

#1733106122647

1144-619: The Via Flaminia remained Rome's major artery both to the Adriatic and to Italy north of the Apennines. The Itinerarium Burdigalense and the Priscillianists who had been expelled from their sees both took this route to Rome despite its length. After the fall of the western Roman Empire the route remained in use, and when the Ostrogothic king Theodahad set out from Ravenna for Rome around 535,

1196-467: The Via Flaminia veared east before turning north again to follow the Tiber, and continued on to Saxa Rubra and Prima Porta . On a hill to the right of the Via Flaminia, a little beyond Prima Porta , are the ruins of Ad Gallinas , a villa that belonged to Livia , the wife of Augustus . From there it made its way to Ocriculum ( Otricoli ) and Narnia ( Narni ), where it crossed the Nera River by

1248-588: The Via Flaminia was severed by the establishment of the Lombard Duchy of Spoleto, with the border around contested Narni. In its place was established the 'Byzantine corridor', a new route linking Rome and Ravenna that departed both cities on the Via Flaminia but which was forced due to political circumstances to pass through Perugia rather than Spoleto. In the Middle Ages it was known as the Ravenna road , as it led to

1300-445: The centuries. The Gothic portal (1424) can still be seen on the left wall; it was sculpted by Maestro Antonio di Cristoforo of Cagli and the 17th century painted decoration is by Lodovico Viviani . After the damaging earthquake in 1781, Pietro Giacomo Patriarca 's tall dome was replaced by the present-day rounded vault. The bell tower is topped by an octagonal brick belfry (1790) designed by Giovanni Antinori . The main works are: in

1352-480: The early 1490s. Beside the Virgin's throne, the work depicts an angel gazing outwards from the scene; it is traditionally believed that this is a portrait of Raphael as a child, while the face of St John the Baptist appears to be a self-portrait of Santi himself. On the opposite wall of the church, in a niche, is the 16th century Annunciation , once attributed to Girolamo Genga and more recently to Timoteo Viti . Beside it

1404-454: The emblems of Duke Federico in bas-relief. From here one enters the courtyard. At its centre is the sculpture "Ordine Cosmico" (1997) by Eliseo Mattiacci . The Archaeological Museum (currently being enlarged) occupies parts of the 13th century Palazzo del Podestà . The fountain at the centre of Piazza Matteotti was built in 1736 by Giovanni Fabbri , to a design by Anton Francesco Berardi the younger. This basilica church has been modified over

1456-478: The emperor's dedicatory inscription still in place; remnants of the earlier tunnel can also be seen. The Flaminia emerged from the gorges of the Apennines at Forum Sempronii ( Fossombrone ) and reached the coast of the Adriatic at Fanum Fortunae ( Fano ). Thence, it ran north-west through Pisaurum ( Pesaro ) to Ariminum ( Rimini ). The total distance from Rome was 210 Roman miles, 296 km (184 mi) by

1508-455: The façade date from 1575, while the statue of the "Madonna with Child" is from 1680 and was commissioned in Venice. To the side of the undecorated entrance are three standard measuring units: piede (foot), braccio (arm) and canna (cane): to these should be added the stub of a Roman column known as the "Cagliese quarter" now positioned just inside the main room on the ground floor. The fresco in

1560-503: The former bridge and at Ariminum , the latter of which is still preserved. Vespasian constructed a new tunnel through the pass of Intercisa ( Furlo ), in AD 77, and Trajan , as inscriptions show, repaired several bridges along the road. During the period of Roman expansion in the 3rd and 2nd centuries BC, the Flaminia became, with the sea route, a main axis of transportation by which wheat from

1612-516: The gorges of the Burano . The narrowest pass was crossed by means of a tunnel chiseled out of solid rock: a first tunnel apparently of the 3rd century BC was replaced by an adjacent tunnel by Vespasian . This is the modern Gola del Furlo , the ancient name of which, Intercisa , means "cut through" with reference to these tunnels. The modern 2‑lane road, the SS ;3 Flaminia , still uses Vespasian's tunnel,

Cagli - Misplaced Pages Continue

1664-499: The imperial period. Augustus instituted a general restoration of the roads of Italy , assigning supervision of different regions to various senators . He reserved the Flaminia for himself, and rebuilt all the bridges except the Pons Mulvius , by which it crosses the Tiber , 3 kilometres (2 miles) north of Rome (built by Marcus Aemilius Scaurus in 109 BC), and an unknown Pons Minucius. Triumphal arches were erected in his honour on

1716-530: The interior, the recent dismantling of the 19th century vaulting above the apse has brought to light medieval vaulting above with a cycle of frescoes dating to the 1340s. These frescoes are believed to be the work of Mello da Gubbio and show influences of the Sienese painter Ambrogio Lorenzetti . On the side altars the principal works (counterclockwise from the right) are: two fragments of framed frescoes, once attributed to Antonio Alberti da Ferrara, now attributed to

1768-524: The largest is an intermittent stretch about 800 meters long at Rignano Flaminio in the northern Lazio), but for the most part of bridges, listed here in order from Rome: Other notable Roman vestiges along the road, aside from those within the individual towns, include a pair of tower tombs between Bevagna and Foligno; and along the eastern branch of the Flaminia in particular, in the area between Spoleto and Trevi , many small Romanesque churches, partly built of reused Roman stone ( spolia ) — including

1820-469: The left nave, an Annunciation from the workshop of Barocci , a fragment of a 16th-century fresco of the Immaculate Conception attributed to Giuliano Persciutti of Fano (though perhaps by Dionigi of Cagli), and the 17th century Eternal Father by the local artist Giambattista Gambarini in the tympanum above the altar. The organ was built by Nicola Morettini in 1889. The church was built by

1872-469: The left of the entrance from the piazza takes you down to the segrete, a dungeon-like basement with ceramic fragments discovered during excavation works, and Medieval masonry including a civic coat of arms, capitols, a rose boss, a garland carving, and drain covers from the civic aqueduct. Heading out of the Sala del General Consiglio the passageway under the fresco is framed by a 15th-century doorway decorated with

1924-575: The lunette on the back wall is of the Madonna with Child, St Michael Archangel and St Gerontius (1536) attributed to Giovanni Dionigi. Also on show - as an extension to the Archeological Museum - are objects including ducal coats of arms of both the Montefeltro and Della Rovere families, communal emblems - including one of St Michael - and a pair of dolphins. From the Entrance Hall, the door to

1976-541: The mountains at Castello delle Formiche, ascends to Gualdo Tadino , continuing over the divide at Scheggia Pass , 575 m (1,886 ft) to Cagli . From there it descends the eastern slope waterways between the Tuscan-Emilian Apennines and the Umbrian Apennines to Fano on the coast and goes north, parallel to Highway A14 to Rimini. This route, once convenient to Roman citizens and other travelers,

2028-524: The older road and 222 Roman miles, 328 km (204 mi) by the newer. The road gave its name to a juridical district of Italy from the 2nd century onwards, the former territory of the Senones , which was at first associated with Umbria (with which indeed under Augustus it had formed the sixth region of Italy called Umbria et Ager Gallicus ), but which after Constantine was always administered with Picenum . The Via Flaminia minor (Via Flaminia Militare)

2080-412: The place is now called piano di Valeria , and is scattered with ruins. Inscriptions show that this was a Roman stronghold, perhaps Pitinum Mergens . Other sights in the town include: Corpus Christi procession The city's streets are carpeted with flowers, arranged by citizens and worshippers as a demonstration of popular piety, for the procession in which the priest carries the consecrated host, under

2132-677: The previous century such as Carracci, Guido Reni and Domenichino. Lapis became a member of the Academy of the Virtuosi in 1739, and in 1741 he was introduced by Sebastiano Conca as a member of the Accademia di San Luca . By 1754, he was living permanently in Rome. The list of his pupils includes Antonio Cavallucci . From 1766, he was commissioned by Cardinal Scipione Borghese (1734-1782) and his brother Marcantonio IV Borghese (1730-1780) to work on modernizing

Cagli - Misplaced Pages Continue

2184-580: The right nave, the altarpieces by Gaetano Lapis (1758) (2nd chapel) and by Sebastiano Conca (1720) (3rd chapel); in the transept, The Patron Saints (1704) by Luigi Garzi and the Madonna and Child with Saints Peter and John the Baptist commissioned in 1695 by the Medicis of Florence and painted by a member of the Nasini family; in the Chapel of the Blessed Sacrament, two canvases by Gaetano Lapis (1754 and 1756); in

2236-510: The rural lords and threatening the feudal powers of the abbots. Its expansion established the borders of the diocese of Cagli . When the city was partially destroyed by fire, started by Ghibelline factions in 1287, the settlement was moved down from the slopes of Monte Petrano and rebuilt anew on flatter land, incorporating the pre-existing suburb. The rebuilding of the city, under the patronage of Pope Nicholas IV , followed Arnolfo di Cambio 's grid-pattern town plan. Cagli soon returned to being

2288-436: The second half of the 16th century. Beside it, on the left, is one of three wash drawings by Battaglini da Imola from 1529 (the other two are beside the main altar). In the piazza in front of the church is a bronze statue of Angelo Celli, by Angelo Biancini , erected in 1959, in front of the loggia built in 1885. The church bears the same name as the confraternity that has been based here since 1301. The sturdy portal (1537)

2340-545: The tanning of hides, industries that grew considerably under the dukes of Urbino . When the Duchy of Urbino was handed over to the Papal States in 1631, Cagli became subject to the same economic policies as the rest of the Marche region, principally cereal cultivation. The low yields in the upland Apennine areas brought about an unstoppable decline. The Unification of Italy stirred up strong anticlerical feelings. The building of

2392-639: The then more important city of Ravenna . Following the end of the Exarchate of Ravenna , it fell into disuse during the Lombard period, but was partially reconstructed in the Renaissance era and continued to be of military importance down to the Napoleonic era and World War II . As the SS 3 (Strada Statale 3) it remains one of the principal highways from Rome to the Adriatic coast. The Via Flaminia began at

2444-434: The tower - which have a certain sculptural form themselves - have hosted the Centre for Contemporary Sculpture, containing specially commissioned works by sculptors of international renown such. The Church of San Francesco , dating from 1234, is the pivot around which Cagli was rebuilt in 1289. The marble portal with its inlaid lintel and spiral columns (with the stylized owl on the lower left-hand side) dates from 1348. In

2496-422: The workshop of Conca's cousin Giovanni Conca. In his 1787 biography of Lapis, Giovanni Gherardo De Rossi records that Sebastiano Conca "was fond of his new pupil and taught him with devotion even though he saw he was adopting a style totally different from the one he adhered to". During his time in Conca's workshop he was given the nickname Il Carraccetto , a reference to the influence of Bolognese masters of

2548-430: Was a more western route, constructed by Gaius Flaminius (son of the former Gaius Flaminius) in 187 BC from Bononia ( Bologna ) to Arretium ( Arezzo ). It gradually fell into disuse, and disappeared after the Middle Ages. Its exact route is unknown although in 1977 Franco Santi and Cesare Agostini claimed to have found remnants, as yet unconfirmed. Extant remains of the road consist of rare patches of pavement (by far

2600-490: Was an Italian painter of the late- Baroque period. Lapis was born on 13 August 1706 in the central Italian city of Cagli , the son of Filippo Lapis, a wool merchant, and his wife Olimpia Orlandini of Cantiano. He moved to Rome at a young age and, after a brief apprenticeship with Cristoforo Creo, entered the workshop of Sebastiano Conca , whom he may have met in 1720 when Conca was working on his Madonna and Child with Saint Teresa in Cagli Cathedral. Lapis later moved to

2652-402: Was an ancient Roman road leading from Rome over the Apennine Mountains to Ariminum ( Rimini ) on the coast of the Adriatic Sea , and due to the ruggedness of the mountains was the major option the Romans had for travel between Etruria , Latium , Campania , and the Po Valley . The section running through northern Rome is where Constantine the Great , allegedly, had his famous vision of

SECTION 50

#1733106122647

2704-401: Was donated by the Comune to Federico III da Montefeltro in 1476. The Duke commissioned Francesco di Giorgio Martini to transform it into a ducal palace, but the works were never completed. The lowering of the raised entrance, the creation of a loggia (of which only the benches and corbels remain), and the vaulted rooms on the ground floor, all date from this period. The area around the clock on

#646353