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67-532: It was founded in Saltillo in 1918 at a congress of labor delegates called by Mexican President Venustiano Carranza . The federation, of which Luis Napoleón Morones Negrete was a major leader, marked a departure from the traditionally- anarchist stance of Mexican labor to a nationalist position. From its inception, the CROM was controlled by a small group of union leaders, Grupo Acción ("Action Group") which supported

134-774: A dry shrubland ecoregion , occupies the eastern portion of the State, and extends across the Rio Grande into southern Texas. The portion of the State west of the Sierra Madre Oriental lies on the Mexican Plateau , and is part of the Chihuahuan Desert . The Bolsón de Mapimí is a large endorheic basin which covers much of the western portion of the State and extends into adjacent portions of Chihuahua, Durango, and Zacatecas. The Nazas River , which flows east from Durango, and

201-553: A semi-arid climate ( Köppen climate classification BSh , bordering BSk ). Saltillo is located in the Chihuahuan Desert but temperatures are cooler than other desert cities in Mexico because it is located at an altitude of 1,600 meters (5,250 ft). Summers are slightly hot with cool nights, and winters are sunny but cool. Rainfall is scarce but more prominent in summer. Snowfall and sub-freezing temperatures are not unknown, but do not occur every year. The city of Saltillo according to

268-656: A handful of neighboring towns, a relatively isolated focus of its production in Northeastern Mexico. Such is the case that outside of Saltillo, pulque bread can be found in the Mexican states of Hidalgo , Puebla , Querétaro , Mexico City , Oaxaca and, of course, Tlaxcala . The city of Saltillo is known for its rondalla , being the highest representative of the Rondallesque movement in Mexico for more than four decades. The 'Rondalla de Saltillo' went beyond transposing

335-509: A lot of private schools in the main cities of the state. About 95% of Mexico's coal reserves are found in Coahuila, which is the country's top mining state. Saltillo and the Southeast region have one of the largest automobile industry in the country and the major industry in the state, hosting companies such as General Motors and Chrysler assembly plants. Torreón has Met-Mex Peñoles ,

402-480: A mining company. The city is the world's largest silver producer and Mexico's largest gold producer. It also has Lala, a dairy products company, which produces 40% of Mexico's milk consumption and distribution. As of 2005, Coahuila's economy represents 3.5% of Mexico's total gross domestic product or US$ 22,874 million. Coahuila's economy has a strong focus on export oriented manufacturing (i.e. maquiladora / INMEX ). As of 2005, 221,273 people are employed in

469-592: A new State Congress decree merged Leona Vicario with the contiguous town of San Esteban (renamed Villalongín) and the name was changed back to Saltillo. For nearly a decade, Saltillo held the administrative seat of a territory which included Coahuila alongside most of the territory of the current U.S. state of Texas until it was lost in the 1836 in the Texas Revolution . The Republic of Texas continued to have border disputes with Mexico's Centralist Republic , which continued to object to its independence. Peace

536-693: A prelude to the Cristero War , the Mexican Catholic Church declared membership in the CROM a mortal sin. That proclamation failed to deter Mexicans from joining the federation or participating in its street demonstrations. Under Calles, the government gained even greater control over the CROM by its grip over Grupo Acción . The CROM essentially monopolized union membership, claiming over one million workers and five hundred organized peasants among its members. In reality, there were only about twenty thousand dues-paying members. Calles wielded influence over

603-584: A sedan assembly plant, two engine facilities, and a car transmissions plant. Of all the vehicles made in Mexico, 37.4% of cars and 62.6% of trucks are assembled in Saltillo. Saltillo is home to the Grupo Industrial Saltillo , an important manufacturing conglomerate that makes home appliances, silverware, and auto parts. The General Motors plant manufactures vehicles for export to Japan, Canada, and Central America as well as for domestic purchase. It builds

670-530: Is Coahuila de Zaragoza, in honor of General Ignacio Zaragoza . The Spanish explored the north of Mexico some decades after their victory in Tenochtitlan , the capital of the Aztecs. Such exploration was delayed because the northern climate was harsher and there was no gold. The first Spanish settlement in the region now called Coahuila was at Minas de la Trinidad in 1577. Saltillo was settled in 1586, to form part of

737-764: Is one of the oldest post-conquest settlements in Northern Mexico. It can be ascertained that the name of the city comes from a small waterfall that draws water from a spring. Nowadays, the spring is located within the Parish of the Holy Christ of the Ojo de Agua and is still visited by the local population. In 1591, the Spanish resettled a community of their Tlaxcaltec allies in a separate town, San Esteban de Nueva Tlaxcala , located just across an irrigation ditch from Saltillo. The measure

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804-564: Is performed in various locations ranging from the US state of New Mexico to the Mexican states of Jalisco , Nayarit , Aguascalientes , Zacatecas , San Luis Potosí , Nuevo León and Chihuahua . As a cultural manifestation, this dance has controversial origins. Cruz Viveros, an academic from Veracruz, points out that it must have arrived in America with the Spanish Conquest , since it is similar to

871-789: Is served by Plan de Guadalupe International Airport . It takes 15 minutes to get from downtown Saltillo to the airport. It has several cargo airline flights per day, but no passenger flights. There is a comprehensive bus system in Saltillo along with many taxis. The following are sister cities of Saltillo: During the twentieth century the city received the nickname of "the Athens of Mexico" for its large number of prominent intellectuals. Coahuila Coahuila ( Spanish pronunciation: [koaˈwila] ), formally Coahuila de Zaragoza ( Latin American Spanish: [koaˈwila ðe saɾaˈɣosa] ; Lipan : Nacika ), officially

938-455: Is similar to that of other Mexican sweet breads. However, it differs by including pulque , which is a fermented drink obtained from the agave plant, as a fermentation agent. This gives it a characteristic flavor, sweetness and moisture. With this dough, pecan empanadas, chorreadas, muffins, braid bread, bishops, etc. are made. Although for many the city of Saltillo is synonymous with this bread, in reality its production constitutes, along that in

1005-409: Is the capital and largest city of the northeastern Mexican state of Coahuila and is also the municipal seat of the municipality of the same name . Mexico City , Monterrey , and Saltillo are all connected by a major railroad and highway. As of a 2020 census, Saltillo had a population of 879,958 people, while the population of its metropolitan area was 1,031,779, making Saltillo the largest city in

1072-435: Is usually made of wool fiber that maintains heat more efficiently, but is also woven from cotton. The thickness of the yarn chosen for the fabric, as well as its material, the elaboration of each necessary knot and the final size of the serape, are variables that influence the final weight and feel of the serape. It is traditional from various parts of Mexico, as in Saltillo. In fact, it was colonizers of Tlaxcalan origin who took

1139-554: The Aguanaval River , which flows north from Zacatecas, empty into lakes in the Bolsón. Torreón , the most populous city in the State, lies on the Nazas in the irrigated Laguna Region , the (Comarca Lagunera) , which straddles the border of Coahuila and Durango. Coahuila contains two biosphere reserves . Maderas del Carmen lies on the northern border of the State, and includes sections of

1206-635: The Chevrolet C2 , Chevrolet Monza , Chevrolet Captiva , Chevrolet HHR , Saturn Vue hybrid, Saab 9-4X and Cadillac SRX . As of 2016 the plant produces about one third of the firm's full-sized pick-up trucks. Saltillo's main universities are the Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila , the Instituto Tecnológico de Saltillo , the Tec de Monterrey Saltillo Campus, El Instituto de Filologia Hispanica,

1273-782: The Chihuahuan Desert near the city of Arteaga . The city is flanked by the Zapalinamé mountains , which are part of the Sierra Madre Oriental . According to local legend, by looking at the relief of the mountains one can see the relief of Zapalinamé , chieftain of the Guachichil tribe who rose against the Spaniards in 1584. Composed of geological formations of the Jurassic period, the San Lorenzo Canyon, located southeast of Saltillo in

1340-619: The Confederation of Mexican Workers (CTM) in 1936, allying with the populist President Lázaro Cárdenas and the ruling Party of the Mexican Revolution . In the following years, the CTM eclipsed the CROM. The CROM continues to exist, and is the third largest labor federation in Mexico, supporting the PRD . Saltillo Saltillo ( Latin American Spanish: [salˈtiʝo] )

1407-528: The Free and Sovereign State of Coahuila de Zaragoza ( Spanish : Estado Libre y Soberano de Coahuila de Zaragoza ), is one of the 32 states of Mexico . Coahuila borders the Mexican states of Nuevo León to the east, Zacatecas to the south, and Durango and Chihuahua to the west. To the north, Coahuila accounts for a 512 kilometres (318 mi) stretch of the Mexico–United States border , adjacent to

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1474-472: The Mexican Revolution , Francisco Villa attacked the city of Torreón . On April 4, 2004, the border city of Piedras Negras was flooded. More than 30 people died and more than 4,000 lost their homes. In 2007 Coahuila became the first state in Mexico to offer civil unions (Pacto Civil de Solidaridad) to same-sex couples. The Sierra Madre Oriental runs northwest to southeast through the State, and

1541-600: The Moorish dances that were already used in Spain , Portugal , Italy and France since the Middle Ages . According to him, in Mexico the dance would have been subject to a process of redefinition with which it would have been intended to attribute an indigenous origin. From this moment on, the event in which it takes place began to be called matlachinada , whereas the dancers, were dubbed matlachines (both terms supposedly derived from

1608-583: The Nahuatl word "matlatzinca") . Regardless of its possible European origins, the dance that is performed in Saltillo in honor of the Holy Christ, incorporates in its costumes and choreography various elements that, at least, belong to the Mexican imaginary of "the indigenous" and, at most, can be attributed to the Tlaxcaltecs. Among these elements we find bows and arrows, headdresses with multicolored feathers, little stones, decorated skirts and sandals. In addition,

1675-637: The Polk Administration , soon expanded into the Mexican–American War . The first phase of the war ended in September 1846 with Gen.   Zachary Taylor 's hard-won siege and occupation of Monterrey in Nuevo León . The War Department ordered him to remain there, but Taylor violated the armistice and went with Gen.   William Worth and 1200 men to occupy Saltillo on 16 November to protect

1742-565: The U.S. state of Texas along the course of the Rio Grande (Río Bravo del Norte). With an area of 151,563 square kilometres (58,519 sq mi), it is the nation's third-largest state. It comprises 38 municipalities ( municipios ) . In 2020, Coahuila's population is 3,146,771 inhabitants. The largest city and State Capital is the city of Saltillo ; the second largest is Torreón (largest metropolitan area in Coahuila and 9th largest in Mexico);

1809-431: The " Detroit of Mexico ". However, a movement is currently underway to diversify the industry, with the arrival of pharmaceutical companies, household appliances, chemicals, ceramics, and even parts for the aerospace industry. El Cerro del Pueblo (The Town Hill) and its 4-metre (13 ft) cross overlook the city. The city's elevation makes it colder and windier than the neighboring city of Monterrey . Saltillo lies in

1876-593: The 1910–1920 Mexican Revolution , Saltillo was occupied in separate events by the forces of Victoriano Huerta , Francisco Villa , and then by those of Venustiano Carranza . Hundreds of peasants were forced to join these various groups. As a result, many fled to Texas, including aristocratic families. In 1923 the Antonio Narro Agrarian University was founded. Two decades later in 1943, the Monterrey Institute of Technology and Higher Education

1943-473: The Autonomous University of Coahuila, Museum-Parish Archive, Hall of Natural History. Saltillo's local culture shares many features with the larger Northern Mexican culture. However, it has various particularities that denote a great cultural and historical wealth. Some of them are highlighted below. The danza de matachines is a carnivalesque dance that, in addition to being performed in Saltillo,

2010-499: The CROM through Morones, whom he appointed the Minister of commerce and industry . By 1928, however, Calles had become distrustful of Morones, who had presidential ambitions. He was also wary of labor's socialist interpretation of the revolution. He broke the CROM's power by ordering the federal arbitrating bureaucracies to declare all CROM strikes illegal. The CROM's leadership had become so corrupt that it had lost its influence with

2077-847: The Charquillo. It starts from the eastern end of the Ateneo street, goes down behind the sports San Isidro passes to the side of Campo Redondo, crosses the lake of the Sports City towards the Tecnológico de Monterrey and continues until converging with the Cevallos stream at the Boulevard Moctezuma or Pedro Figueroa. It starts in the Zapaliname mountain range, from the Lomas de Lourdes neighborhood, it passes along

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2144-673: The Chihuahuan desert and sky islands of pine-oak forest in the Sierra del Carmen . The springs, lakes, and wetlands of the Cuatro Ciénegas Basin lie west of Monclova on the west slope of the Sierra Madre. Coahuila is largely arid or semi-arid, but the rivers of the State support extensive irrigated agriculture, particularly cotton . The Parras district in the southern part of the State produces wines and brandies. The pine-oak forests of

2211-756: The Luis Echeverría Oriente Boulevard, passes behind the Mercado de Abastos, crosses on one side of Plaza Sendero, then descends along Tezcatlipoca street, passes near the Club Campestre and converges with the Navarreña stream on the road to Monterrey and on the way to the Valdés. Starts in the mountains near the Vista Hermosa neighborhood, crosswise through neighborhoods such as Founders and Morelos, goes down

2278-619: The Magisterio neighborhood, towards the temple of Santo Cristo del Ojo de Agua, crosses the center of the city between the streets Arteaga and Matamoros near the Coahuila school, then converges with the channel that descends near Antonio Cárdenas Street (or South Abasolo), is channeled underground through the Topo Chico neighbourhood, down through Nava Street and then by Luis Echeverría and down again by Abasolo Norte and connects in Nazario Ortiz with

2345-536: The Rio Grande . In the mid-19th century, the Sánchez Navarro family owned a ranch of 6,700,000 ha (16,500,000 acres) mostly in Coahuila. It was the largest privately-owned property in the Americas. In the 1840s and 1850s, Coahuila was the target of frequent Comanche raids . On February 19, 1856, Santiago Vidaurri annexed Coahuila to his state, Nuevo León , but it regained its separate status in 1868. During

2412-431: The Sierra Madre produce timber. The last population census run across Mexico in the year 2020, reports Coahuila de Zaragoza as having 3,146,771 inhabitants, which, considering its size, means that the state has a very low density, in fact as low as only 15 persons per square kilometer. Coahuila's population is mainly made up of Criollos along with Mestizos . Fewer than 7,500 natives reside in Coahuila, or merely 0.3% of

2479-602: The Sierra de Zapalinamé, is a tourist attraction for outdoor activities and extreme sports such as rock climbing, rappelling, mountain biking, hiking, mountaineering and camping. It begins south of Francisco Coss Boulevard, crosses the Venustiano Carranza Boulevard, passes between the Liverpool and Home Depot buildings, and is channeled through Nazario Boulevard Ortiz towards Benito Juárez Street. It begins its course in

2546-785: The Universidad Carolina and the Universidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narro . The city of Saltillo is the municipal seat of the municipality of Saltillo . The current mayor is José María Fraustro Siller, from the Partido Revolucionario Institucional (PRI). In Saltillo there are about 22 museums, including: Museum of the Presidents' Coahuilenses, Campus of the University Cultural Heritage, 'Pinacoteca Ateneo Fuente' of

2613-564: The approaches to his main army in Monterrey. Antonio López de Santa Anna had been allowed through the blockade of Veracruz to bring the war to a swift conclusion but had instead rallied the Mexican army and moved north. Gen.   John E. Wool was sent to nearby Agua Nueva on December 21 and the indecisive Battle of Buena Vista occurred 12 miles (19 km) from Saltillo between February 22 and 23,1847, after which López de Santa Anna's army

2680-424: The creation of companies such as CIFUNSA, CINSA, Éxito, and Molinos el Fénix, among others. The true industrial explosion occurred in the '70s and '80s with the arrival of the car industry to the region. Companies such as General Motors and Chrysler , along with their respective satellite companies or suppliers, came to Saltillo. Since then, Saltillo and its Metropolitan Zone (Ramos Arizpe and Arteaga) are known as

2747-481: The dance is organized by the inhabitants of the Ojo de Agua neighborhood, formerly inhabited by people of Tlaxcaltec origin. The sarape (serape, or jorongo) is a rectangular garment, for male use, with or without opening for the head and multicolored stripes which are reminiscent of a rainbow. It is one of the most representative objects of Mexico. The serape is a garment of traditional Mexican men's clothing, usually brightly colored and with traditional patterns. It

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2814-471: The eighteenth century, there was a demand for draft animals, which Saltillo supplied. In 1824, Saltillo was made the capital of the state of Coahuila y Tejas , substituting Santiago de la Monclova as such. Three years later, Mexican Constituting Congress sanctioned that the city's name be changed to Leona Vicario , after one of the few female figures of the Mexican War of Independence . However, in 1831,

2881-481: The end of the eighteenth century, when a branch of the Royal Treasury was established in the city. Merchants, most of whom were Iberian Peninsula -born Spaniards, constituted the most important economic group, handling a wide variety of goods and selling in shops. They were the provincial branch of the transatlantic merchant sector, with ties to Mexico City merchants. Peninsular merchants in Saltillo married into

2948-406: The established limits and creating its own style. It has multiple recordings and has toured several countries, it is characterized by using guitars, requintos, double bass, and vocals. The poet Marco Antonio Aguirre arrived at La Rondalla de Saltillo in 1966 and wrote his story with tours, and 30 recorded albums. Saltillo is a city with a long baseball tradition. In fact, some sources indicate that

3015-414: The government. By the end of Obregón's term, labor had abandoned its goal of destroying capital in favor of establishing a balance between capital and labor that would benefit workers. Labor leaders defended the government's right, established in Article 123 of the Constitution of 1917 , to arbitrate labor disputes, since they felt that their interests were represented in the government. Radical elements of

3082-440: The higher elevations are home to the Sierra Madre Oriental pine-oak forests . The northernmost fingers of the Sierra Madre Oriental, the Sierra del Burro and the Sierra del Carmen , reach to the border with the United States at the Rio Grande . East of the range, the land slopes gently toward the Rio Grande, and is drained by several rivers, including the Salado and its tributary, the Sabinas River. The Tamaulipan mezquital ,

3149-525: The intense infiltration of water to the subsoil, thus allowing the constant recharge of the aquifers that supply drinking water to the city of Saltillo.On July 3, 2008, the Government of the State of Coahuila decided to buy the property, which was granted to Mexican Wildlife Protection in bailment on July 23, 2012, for its management and conservation. It is the highest mountain in the municipality, reaches 3,462 meters above sea level. The Sierra Catana mountain reaches 3,104 meters above sea level. Saltillo has

3216-414: The labor movement, horrified by the cooption, formed their own federation, the Confederación General de Trabajadores (CGT), in 1921. The result of the split was disorientation within the movement, and workers became disillusioned with both the CROM and the CGT. Nonetheless, workers won some rights but gradually and threatening neither the revolutionary government nor the growth of capitalism. In 1921, in

3283-406: The last official count and delimitation carried out in 2020 jointly by the INEGI , the CONAPO and the SEDESOL , is the 14th most populated city in Mexico with 864,431 inhabitants. Saltillo's most famous exports are Saltillo tile and the locally woven multi-colored sarapes . Mercedes-Benz and General Motors both have assembly plants there and Chrysler operates a truck assembly plant,

3350-402: The local elite society, acquired rural properties, and sought local office. In the late seventeenth century, an annual trade fair was established, which carried Mexican livestock and manufactured goods to places as far as China and Europe. Saltillo could produce wheat commercially as long as there was access to water, but as with many other parts of the North, drought was a consistent threat. In

3417-827: The manufacturing sector. Foreign direct investment in Coahuila was US$ 143.1 million for 2005. The average wage for an employee in Coahuila is approximately 190 pesos per day. On the other hand, Coahuila is the Mexican state with the highest level of public debt in the nation. Coahuila is subdivided into five regions and 38 municipalities ( municipios ) . Newspapers of Coahuila include: El Diario de Coahuila , El Guardián , El Heraldo de Saltillo , El Siglo de Torreón , Esto del Norte , La I (Laguna) , la I (Saltillo) , La Opinión Milenio , La Voz de Coahuila (Monclova) , Noticias de El Sol de la Laguna , Vanguardia , Zócalo (Monclova) , Zócalo (Piedras Negras) , Zócalo El Periódico de Saltillo , and Zócalo Saltillo. Coahuila has 8 Electoral Districts that elect one deputy each to

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3484-407: The newly independent United Mexican States under their 1824 Constitution , and included Texas , Coahuila and Nuevo León . Later in the same year Nuevo León was detached, but Texas remained a part of the state until 1836, when it seceded to form the Republic of Texas . Monclova was the capital of the state from 1833 to 1835. In 1840 Coahuila briefly became a member of the short lived Republic of

3551-457: The post-revolutionary Mexican government. After supporting Carranza, who was overthrown in 1920, the CROM was a key base of support for two of his successors, Álvaro Obregón and Plutarco Elías Calles , two of the three Sonoran revolutionary generals who dominated Mexico in the 1920s. The political vehicle of the federation was the Mexican Laborist Party . Under Obregón, the labor movement was co-opted as its leaders were appointed to posts within

3618-421: The province of Nueva Vizcaya of the Vice-royalty of New Spain . Later it became one of the first provinces of Nueva Extremadura to be explored by Europeans. Among the 16th century settlers of Saltillo and other communities in Nueva Vizcaya were Tlaxcalans , who founded an independent community bordering Saltillo, called San Esteban de Nueva Tlaxcala . Coahuila y Tejas was one of the constituent states of

3685-399: The rank and file and was thus unable to organize action in its favor. Calles's successor, Emilio Portes Gil , began removing CROM officials from government positions. Vicente Lombardo Toledano , a dissident in the CROM, organized a faction called "Purified CROM" that left the federation in 1932, leaving the CROM to represent only a few unions in the textile industry. The Purified CROM became

3752-509: The region. The city and its metropolitan area also house a large number of plants providing manufactured goods to various other multinational companies, including Tesla 's new plant in Mexico, located less than an hour away in the neighboring Santa Catarina, Nuevo León . Saltillo is a prominent manufacturing hub noted for its commerce, communications, and manufacturing of products both traditional and modern. Founded in 1577 by Conquistador Alberto del Canto as Villa de Santiago del Saltillo , it

3819-457: The serape to Coahuila from Zaragoza, Zacatecas and probably to New Mexico. It serves as a coat, blanket, bedspread, tablecloth or cape. It also decorates walls and floors, as a tapestry or carpet. Another use is to put it on the horse before climbing to the saddle. Pulque bread is a tradition deeply rooted in the town and is highly sought after by the people of Saltillo. Its preparation, based on wheat flour, water or milk, egg and, sometimes, lard

3886-438: The side of the Corona Motel on Fundadores Boulevard, pass by the Dolores Pantheon on Jesus Valdés Sánchez Boulevard and continues towards the South, surrounding the Country Club on its east side and the Country Club subdivision and continues to the city of Ramos. Located in the San Lorenzo Canyon southeast of the city of Saltillo. Composed of geological formations originated between the Upper Jurassic and Quaternary that facilitate

3953-585: The sport began to be practiced in town at the end of the 19th century. However, its representative team, the Saraperos de Saltillo , did not arrive in the Mexican Baseball League until 1970. They had their origins in a dinner held by the members of the Pro-Works Committee of the Saltillo Cathedral, whose president was Mr. Jorge Torres Casso. They currently hold three championships, in 1980, 2009 and 2010, and eight division titles, in 1971, 1972, 1973, 1988, 2004, 2005, 2009 and 2010. Other professional clubs based in Saltillo are: Saltillo Metropolitan Area air traffic

4020-404: The state of Coahuila , and the 14th most populated metropolitan area in the country. Saltillo is one of the most industrialized cities in Mexico and has one of the largest automotive industries in the country, with plants such as Tupy, Grupo Industrial Saltillo, General Motors , Stellantis , Daimler AG , Freightliner Trucks , BorgWarner , Plastic Omnium , Magna , and Nemak operating in

4087-408: The third largest is Monclova (a former state capital); the fourth largest is Piedras Negras ; and the fifth largest is Ciudad Acuña . The name Coahuila derives from native terms for the region, and has been known by variations such as Cuagüila and Cuauila. Some historians believe that this means "flying serpent", "place of many trees", or "place where serpents creep". The official name of the state

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4154-483: The total population. According to the 2020 Census, 1.46% of Coahuila's population identified as Black, Afro-Mexican , or of African descent. The rest of the demographic particulars in the state are very similar to national averages, such as a high life expectancy (reaching 75 years of age) and a Catholic majority. Basic public education in Coahuila is mainly managed by the state's Secretary of Education, but federal-sustained schools are also very common. There are also

4221-480: Was a commercial center on the northern frontier which served as a bridge from central Mexico to regions further northeast such as the New Kingdom of León , New Santander , Coahuila , and Texas . It also supplied the silver mines of Zacatecas with wheat. It never rose to great prominence, but it did develop a commercial core and an agricultural and ranching sector that supplied its needs, with surpluses that could be sold. Saltillo became administratively important at

4288-495: Was established in the city, then in 1951, the Technological Institute of Saltillo and in 1957, the Autonomous University of Coahuila was established. Saltillo's agricultural climate in the second half of the 20th century was rapidly transforming into industrial activity; huge orchards disappeared and factories began to dominate the landscape. In the second quarter of the twentieth century, Saltillo changed from agricultural and textile activities towards industrial activities, with

4355-529: Was forced to move south to protect San Luis Potosí and counter a seaborne invasion by Gen.   Winfield Scott . Modernity reached Coahuila with the arrival of the railroad in 1880, during the Porfiriato . In 1890, telegraph, telephone, and street lighting networks were created in addition to the construction of cultural buildings, including theaters and plazas, and buildings of a social nature such as hospices, civil hospitals, and sanitary structures consisting of drinking water and drainage systems. During

4422-447: Was further disturbed by Comanche and Apache raiding, private vendettas, and separatist movements. On October 23, 1840, the Battle of Saltillo took place when 110 Texians and Tejanos crossed the Rio Grande to attack the city's government in support of an attempt to create a separate Republic of the Rio Grande between Texas and Mexico. In 1845, Texas was annexed by the United States and its disputes with Mexico, aggravated by

4489-416: Was taken in order to aid stalled colonization efforts and cultivate the land. In its early years, Saltillo grew slowly due to the hostility of the indigenous Chichimeca people and frequent water shortages. A hundred years after its founding, its population was only about 300 people, whilst the population of the adjacent Tlaxcaltec town, San Esteban , was about 1,750. In the eighteenth century, Saltillo

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