A charitable organization or charity is an organization whose primary objectives are philanthropy and social well-being (e.g. educational , religious or other activities serving the public interest or common good ).
100-714: CPRE, The Countryside Charity , formerly known by names such as the Council for the Preservation of Rural England and the Campaign to Protect Rural England , is a charity in England with over 40,000 members and supporters. Formed in 1926 by Patrick Abercrombie to limit urban sprawl and ribbon development , the CPRE claims to be one of the longest running environmental groups in the UK. CPRE campaigns for
200-619: A public benefit . Until the mid-18th century, charity was mainly distributed through religious structures (such as the English Poor Laws of 1601 ), almshouses , and bequests from the rich. Christianity, Judaism, and Islam incorporated significant charitable elements from their very beginnings, and dāna (alms-giving) has a long tradition in Hinduism, Jainism, Buddhism, and Sikhism. Charities provided education, health, housing, and even prisons. Almshouses were established throughout Europe in
300-539: A "sustainable future" for the English countryside. They state it is "a vital but undervalued environmental, economic and social asset to the nation." They aim to "highlight threats and promote positive solutions." They campaign using their own research to lobby the public and all levels of government. CPRE was formed following the publication of "The Preservation of Rural England" by Sir Patrick Abercrombie in 1926. Abercrombie became its Honorary Secretary. The inaugural meeting
400-622: A Board of Taxation inquiry to consult with charities on the bill. However, due to widespread criticism from charities, the government abandoned the bill. Subsequently, the government introduced the Extension of Charitable Purpose Act 2004 . This act did not attempt to codify the definition of a charitable purpose but rather aimed to clarify that certain purposes were charitable, resolving legal doubts surrounding their charitable status. Among these purposes were childcare, self-help groups, and closed/contemplative religious orders. To publicly raise funds,
500-679: A CHY number from the Revenue Commissioners, a CRO number from the Companies Registration Office , and a charity number from the Charities Regulator. The Irish Nonprofits Database was created by Irish Nonprofits Knowledge Exchange (INKEx) to serve as a repository for regulatory and voluntarily disclosed information about Irish public benefit nonprofits. Charitable organizations in Nigeria are registerable under "Part C" of
600-609: A charity in Australia must register in each Australian jurisdiction in which it intends to raise funds. For example, in Queensland, charities must register with the Queensland Office of Fair Trading . Additionally, any charity fundraising online must obtain approval from every Australian jurisdiction that mandates such approval. Currently, these jurisdictions include New South Wales, Queensland, Victoria, Tasmania, Western Australia, and
700-527: A complex set of reliefs and exemptions from taxation in the UK. These include reliefs and exemptions in relation to income tax , capital gains tax , inheritance tax , stamp duty land tax , and value added tax . These tax exemptions have led to criticisms that private schools are able to use charitable status as a tax avoidance technique rather than offering a genuine charitable good. The Transparency of Lobbying, Non-party Campaigning and Trade Union Administration Act 2014 subjects charities to regulation by
800-575: A cutting). 1961-1980 CPRE worked on the issues of indestructible plastics, loss of hedgerows, energy infrastructure and the UK coastline. When the M4 was built in 1963 CPRE successfully fought to protect the Berkshire Downs . It also began to seek for tighter control on advertising hoardings along roadsides. 1981-1990 This era saw the creation of protected Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty, something CPRE had campaigned for along with others. Attention
900-675: A feature on walking the Trotternish Ridge in Skye and recovering confidence after childbirth. Ochota's first book, published by Headline in 2013, in association with the British Museum and ITV accompanied the TV series of the same name, Britain's Secret Treasures . Her second book, Hidden Histories: A Spotter's Guide to the British Landscape , was published by Frances Lincoln in 2016 and
1000-400: A five-year research – 'Mapping Local Food Webs' (2007–2012). Campaigns support farming funding that will stem loss of smaller farms and the diversity they provide (2017). There is campaigning against large-scale fracking operation in the UK, that will destroy large areas of the countryside and exacerbate the global plastic binge (2018). A photography competition was started in 2016 to celebrate
1100-515: A fully active crew member, and blogged for international adventure magazines whilst at sea. Ochota was part of an expedition exploring Australia 's Simpson Desert in 2015, joining a team of archaeologists, botanists and zoologists looking for evidence of human settlement and influence. She wrote about the expedition for Geographical magazine. She has written about her love of the outdoors and adventure activities, including wild camping , orienteering and UK scuba diving . Ochota served as
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#17328448545881200-609: A group travelling with horses on a modern pilgrimage along St Columba's Way to Iona in west Scotland. Ochota co-hosted the Audible podcast series Happiness and How to Get It with comedian Charlie George . In it, the two presenters interviewed experts and tried out the practical tips to see whether they worked. Ochota was co-host of Wiley Science Communication podcast This Study Shows , with physicist Professor Danielle George . The series profiled international scientists, researchers and communicators on how to connect researchers to
1300-595: A list of charitable purposes in the Charitable Uses Act 1601 (also known as the Statute of Elizabeth), which had been interpreted and expanded into a considerable body of case law. In Commissioners for Special Purposes of Income Tax v. Pemsel (1891), Lord McNaughten identified four categories of charity which could be extracted from the Charitable Uses Act and which were the accepted definition of charity prior to
1400-482: A major form of corporate philanthropy. To meet the exempt organizational test requirements, a charity has to be exclusively organized and operated, and to receive and pass the exemption test, a charitable organization must follow the public interest and all exempt income should be for the public interest. For example, in many countries of the Commonwealth , charitable organizations must demonstrate that they provide
1500-492: A new scheme requiring payment for access, which prompted a petition against the charges. The campaign failed and Hatfield Park continues to charge for access. Ochota wrote about her battle against the 'paywalling' of green space. In July 2024 Ochota was elected President of CPRE , the Countryside Charity. She was previously interviewed by CPRE and described time spent in green space as 'a wonder drug'. Ochota served as
1600-559: A philanthropic endeavor that flourished in the second half of the nineteenth century, brought about by the growth of the middle class . Later associations included the Peabody Trust (originating in 1862) and the Guinness Trust (founded in 1890). The principle of philanthropic intention with capitalist return was given the label "five percent philanthropy". There was strong growth in municipal charities. The Brougham Commission led to
1700-543: A pioneering new methodology in 2006. CPRE also published similar maps focusing solely on light pollution in 2003. In 1996, English composer John Rutter wrote the words and music for an anthem entitled "Look at the World" in celebration of the 70th anniversary of the CPRE. In April 2006 CPRE Peak District & South Yorkshire sought to clarify its identity across its vast territory by operating under two distinct identities. Due to its long association with Peak District National Park,
1800-483: A quarterly magazine entitled 'Countryside Voices', and can opt to receive 'Fieldwork' which contains details of campaigns around the UK. The CPRE promotes a large number of rural attractions such as gardens, houses and museums, by means of its annual Members' Guide. The 2012 Members Guide was supported by the National Farmers Union . In 2015, CPRE published the 'Warm and Green' report, which sheds new light on
1900-425: A register of charities that have completed formal registration (see below). Organizations applying must meet the specific legal requirements summarized below, have filing requirements with their regulator, and are subject to inspection or other forms of review. The oldest charity in the UK is The King's School, Canterbury , established in 597 AD. Charitable organizations, including charitable trusts, are eligible for
2000-601: A trustee of wild places charity John Muir Trust from 2022 - 2023. She wrote about the importance of inclusion and diversity in the outdoors and environment sectors. Following her resignation she raised public concerns about governance and staff welfare at the charity. Ochota is the patron of the Ridgeway National Trail , which runs between Ivinghoe Beacon in Buckinghamshire and Avebury in Wiltshire . Ochota
2100-623: Is a Fellow of the Royal Geographical Society . Ochota was raised in Wincham , Northwich , Cheshire , to an Indian mother and a Polish father. She studied at the sixth-form college of Sir John Deane's College . From 1999 to 2002 she studied Archaeology and Anthropology at Emmanuel College, Cambridge , specialising in Social Anthropology. She represented her college in the 2013 University Challenge Christmas Special, reaching
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#17328448545882200-529: Is a life member of the Open Spaces Society . Ochota is a patron of The Tony Trust, a small grant-giving charity that helps young people afford the cost of Outdoor Activity courses. Ochota served as a 'Loo-Minary' for charity appeal Toilet Twinning , which is run by charity Tearfund . She travelled to the Democratic Republic of Congo to learn more about their work. She wrote about the visit for
2300-591: Is a specific type of charity with its primary purpose being to alleviate suffering in the community, whether due to poverty, sickness, or disability. Examples of institutions that might qualify include hospices, providers of subsidized housing, and certain not-for-profit aged care services. Charities in Canada need to be registered with the Charities Directorate of the Canada Revenue Agency . According to
2400-480: Is also a focus on reducing “clutter” in the form of unnecessary road signs and advertising billboards in the countryside and seeking ways to protect quiet rural roads. Tools to map tranquility in the countryside are being developed for use by local and regional planners. Effort is put into reform of the Common Agricultural Policy and the fight for farmers to be recognised for the work they do in protecting
2500-494: Is given to campaigns against 'surface' or opencast mining . CPRE has challenged the government to modify HS2 rail plans to remove all planned out-of-town interchange ("parkway") stations as well as challenging the potential Oxford–Cambridge Expressway . Suggestions have been offered for a range of practical measures to be adopted by central and local government in order to support local food businesses so that they can provide fair and affordable prices. Preliminary work consisted of
2600-503: Is operated by the Ministry of Social and Family Development . The legislation governing charitable activities and the process of obtaining charitable organization status is regulated by Ukraine's Civil Code and the Law of Ukraine on Charitable Activities and Charitable Organizations. According to Ukrainian law, there are three forms of charitable organizations: The Ministry of Justice of Ukraine
2700-552: Is really 'under concrete' (including roads, railways, car parks, etc.). It is nevertheless the case that in 2017/18, 8.9 km of previously undeveloped Green Belt land changed to a developed use, of which 2.9 km turned into residential use. Figures from the British YIMBY movement have criticised the CPRE, accusing it of denying the British housing crisis and significantly underestimating housing need in high-cost areas to justify
2800-551: Is the main registration authority for charitable organization registration and constitution. Individuals and legal entities, except for public authorities and local governments , can be the founders of charitable organizations. Charitable societies and charitable foundations may have, in addition to founders, other participants who have joined them as prescribed by the charters of such charitable associations or charitable foundations. Aliens (non-Ukrainian citizens and legal entities, corporations, or non-governmental organizations) can be
2900-471: Is the most common form of organization within the voluntary sector in England and Wales. This is essentially a contractual arrangement between individuals who have agreed to come together to form an organization for a particular purpose. An unincorporated association will normally have a constitution or set of rules as its governing document, which will deal with matters such as the appointment of office bearers and
3000-450: Is thus to be expected that tensions will arise between and among food producers, residents, planners, builders, industrialists, environmentalists and others. Points of view vary significantly and CPRE thus has its critics. Some critics characterise CPRE as being: CPRE has changed its positions on issues over time. For example, in December 2008 George Monbiot of The Guardian interviewed
3100-533: Is very easy to set up and requires very little documentation. However, for an organization under the statute of loi 1901 to be considered a charity, it has to file with the authorities to come under the label of "association d'utilité publique", which means "NGO acting for the public interest". This label gives the NGO some tax exemptions. In Hungary , charitable organizations are referred to as "public-benefit organizations" ( Hungarian : közhasznú szervezet ). The term
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3200-415: The 10:10 project in 2010 in a bid to reduce their carbon footprint. One year later they announced that they had reduced their carbon emissions (according to 10:10's criteria) by 12%. In the UK, there are competing demands on the use of land for biodiversity, food production, housing, recreation, health and well-being. Movements of populations and climate change exacerbate the pressure of these demands. It
3300-617: The BBC website. and for From Our Own Correspondent . In her early 20s Ochota featured as a model in several commercials including Kellogg's Special K . She has been chair and interviewer at the Institute of Art and Ideas philosophy festival How The Light Gets In in Hay on Wye, and hosted events for British Museum , Science Museum , Royal Institution , British Library and CBI . Ochota has hosted business programmes for ITN including Cities of
3400-609: The British Mountaineering Council Hill Walking Ambassador from 2016 - 2024. In that time, she hosted two series of the BMC podcast Finding Our Way , showcasing people with diverse backgrounds and life experience who are active in walking, climbing and mountaineering. She also featured in a short film as she climbed the Inaccessible Pinnacle on Skye and presented a series of walking guides to
3500-660: The Charities Act 2006 : Charities in England and Wales—such as Age UK, the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds ( RSPB ) and the Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals ( RSPCA ) – must comply with the 2011 Act regulating matters such as charity reports and accounts and fundraising. As of 2011 , there are several types of legal structures for a charity in England and Wales: The unincorporated association
3600-741: The Companies and Allied Matters Act, 2020 . Under the law, the Corporate Affairs Commission, Nigeria , being the official Nigerian Corporate Registry, is empowered to maintain and regulate the formation, operation, and dissolution of charitable organizations in Nigeria. Charitable organizations in Nigeria are exempted under §25(c) of the Companies Income Tax Act (CITA) Cap. C21 LFN 2004 (as amended) , which exempts from income tax corporate organizations engaged wholly in ecclesiastical, charitable, or educational activities. Similarly, §3 of
3700-636: The Early Middle Ages to provide a place of residence for the poor, old, and distressed people; King Athelstan of England (reigned 924–939) founded the first recorded almshouse in York in the 10th century. During the Enlightenment era , charitable and philanthropic activity among voluntary associations and affluent benefactors became a widespread cultural practice. Societies, gentlemen's clubs , and mutual associations began to flourish in England , with
3800-476: The Electoral Commission in the run-up to a general election. Section 1 of the Charities Act 2011 provides the definition in England and Wales: The Charities Act 2011 provides the following list of charitable purposes: A charity must also provide a public benefit. Before the Charities Act 2006 , which introduced the definition now contained in the 2011 Act, the definition of charity arose from
3900-627: The Lake District , Great Walks . Ochota is a member of the Natural England Landscape Advisory Panel, serving as one of the independent experts advising the board. Ochota was one of the founders of the local campaign to protect free access to Hatfield Park in Hertfordshire . The stately home owned by Lord Salisbury had, until December 2020, allowed local people to walk in the parkland for free. The Estate announced
4000-549: The Municipal Corporations Act 1835 , which reorganized multiple local charities by incorporating them into single entities under supervision from the local government . Charities at the time, including the Charity Organization Society (established in 1869), tended to discriminate between the "deserving poor", who would be provided with suitable relief, and the "underserving" or "improvident poor", who
4100-841: The Polish Historical Society , and the Polish chapter of the Wikimedia Foundation . The legal framework in Singapore is regulated by the Singapore Charities Act (Chapter 37). Charities in Singapore must be registered with the Charities Directorate of the Ministry of Community Development, Youth and Sports . One can also find specific organizations that are members of the National Council of Social Service (NCSS), which
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4200-578: The Value Added Tax Act (VATA) Cap. V1 LFN 2004 (as amended) , and the 1st Schedule to the VATA on exempted Goods and Services goods zero-rates goods and services purchased by any ecclesiastical, charitable, or educational institutions in furtherance of their charitable mandates. A public benefit organization ( Polish : organizacja pożytku publicznego , often abbreviated as OPP) is a term used in Polish law . It
4300-675: The slave trade throughout the British Empire and its extensive sphere of influence. (However, this process was quite lengthy, concluding when slavery in Saudi Arabia was abolished slavery in 1962.) The Enlightenment era also witnessed a growing philosophical debate between those advocating for state intervention and those believing that private charities should provide welfare. The political economist, Reverend Thomas Malthus (1766–1834), criticized poor relief for paupers on economic and moral grounds and proposed leaving charity entirely to
4400-673: The Australian Capital Territory. Numerous Australian charities have appealed to federal, state, and territory governments to establish uniform legislation enabling charities registered in one state or territory to raise funds in all other Australian jurisdictions. The Australian Charities and Not-For-Profits Commission (ACNC) commenced operations in December 2012. It regulates approximately 56,000 non-profit organizations with tax-exempt status, along with around 600,000 other NPOs in total, seeking to standardize state-based fund-raising laws. A Public Benevolent Institution (PBI)
4500-468: The Canada Revenue Agency: A registered charity is an organization established and operated for charitable purposes. It must devote its resources to charitable activities. The charity must be a resident in Canada and cannot use its income to benefit its members. A charity also has to meet a public benefit test. To qualify under this test, an organization must show that: To register as a charity,
4600-686: The Charities Act (2009) legislated the establishment of a "Charities Regulatory Authority", and the Charities Regulator was subsequently created via a ministerial order in 2014. This was the first legal framework for charity registration in Ireland. The Charities Regulator maintains a database of organizations that have been granted charitable tax exemption—a list previously maintained by the Revenue Commissioners . Such organizations would have
4700-610: The Countryside Act 1949. There were also CPRE campaigns for subsidies for rural housing and for adequate publicity for planning enquiries. This period also saw the 'Best Kept Village' and ' Keep Britain Tidy ' initiatives. When England's first motorway the M1 was proposed in 1957, CPRE successfully campaigned for it to avoid the heart of Charnwood Forest in Leicestershire (the road was put into
4800-592: The Dark Skies heading, in 2013, Star Count was launched. This is a campaign to stop light pollution by involving the public in star-counting in order to map light pollution across the UK and raise awareness. A related idea is reducing the impact of light pollution, reducing carbon budgets and saving money by pushing councils to adjust street lighting. Under the What gets built where heading, CPRE's includes influencing development plans at local , regional and national level. There
4900-654: The Future and More Than Skin Deep with the British Skin Foundation . She also hosted the ITN Business podcast Business Extra reflecting on the outcomes of COP28. Ochota has developed and performed 'archaeological storytelling' shows with professional storyteller Jason Buck, telling stories that build on archaeological science, then take a 'leap of imagination'. Ochota and Buck have performed their shows at venues including
5000-415: The Government announced that it is considering the introduction of a deposit return scheme to increase recycling rates. It is hoped by CPRE that the scheme will include all single use drink-containers, whether plastic, glass or metal. According to the main CPRE website, campaigns in 2022 are now grouped under the broad headlines, Dark Skies, Hedgerows, What gets built where, and the Climate Emergency. Under
5100-406: The Government's first ever Environment White Paper accepted the case for hedgerow protection, 20 years after CPRE's campaign was first launched, and in 1997 laws to protect hedgerows finally came into force. In 1995 CPRE published “tranquillity” maps which show the diminishing areas of the countryside not disturbed by man-made noise , visual intrusion or light pollution . These were updated using
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#17328448545885200-450: The Ridgeway trail. Ochota is a regular reviewer on the Sky News weekend paper review. Ochota's notable radio documentaries for the BBC World Service include A Dirty Secret about global sanitation, Why We Cut Men exploring the history and impact of male circumcision in USA and Uganda, Will the Unicorns of the Sea Fall Silent? about threats to narwhals in the Arctic Ocean, and a 3-part series Walking The Iron Curtain , tracing
5300-409: The Tough Girl podcast and featured on Private Passions on BBC Radio 3 . Ochota writes regularly for newspapers including The Guardian , The Observer and The Daily Telegraph on countryside issues and outdoor activities. In 2021 Ochota was shortlisted for the 'Outdoor Personality of the Year' Award hosted by TGO magazine. Following this recognition, she became a regular columnist for
5400-468: The YIMBY movement, this is a distraction from the necessary infill development in and around major urban centres, which is claimed to offer significantly more potential to meet housing need inside urban areas. In October 2020 however, a CPRE report revealed that there is enough brownfield land for 1.3 million new homes and over half a million already have planning permission. In 2024, CPRE Hertfordshire were criticised by one Hertfordshire local authority about
5500-493: The accuracy of information in the charity's published analysis of a draft Local Plan. Concerns were publicly raised by the local authority that such misinformation could detrimentally affect residents’ abilities to provide a well-informed response to its Draft Local Plan as part of its ongoing consultation. Other CPRE people Charitable organization The legal definition of a charitable organization (and of charity) varies between countries and in some instances regions of
5600-419: The advent of the Internet, charitable organizations established a presence on online social media platforms and began initiatives such as cyber-based humanitarian crowdfunding , exemplified by platforms like GoFundMe . The definition of charity in Australia is derived from English common law, originally from the Charitable Uses Act 1601 , and then through several centuries of case law based upon it. In 2002,
5700-420: The allotment of land to laborers for "cottage husbandry", which later became the allotment movement. In 1844, it became the first Model Dwellings Company – one of a group of organizations that sought to improve the housing conditions of the working classes by building new homes for them, all the while receiving a competitive rate of return on any investment. This was one of the first housing associations ,
5800-486: The beauty of Dorset's countryside (2016). CPRE's national office is at 5–11, Lavington Street, Southwark , London. It also has offices in the eight other regions of England . In addition there are CPRE branches in each of England's counties and groups in over 200 districts. All but two of the 43 CPRE branches are independent charities of their own. CPRE Durham and CPRE Northumberland are subsidiaries of national CPRE. Each CPRE branch has its own website. Members receive
5900-402: The character of the countryside. Planners are lobbied to ensure that as many new developments as possible are built on Brownfield (rather than Greenfield ) land. In particular CPRE is fighting for the protection of green belts . There is emphasis on reducing litter in rural areas across England via local action and events and lobbying government. Under the Climate emergency heading, support
6000-411: The character of towns and to give town dwellers easy access to the countryside. In the war years, CPRE was identified as a stakeholder that government ministries were required to consult with over proposed use of land in rural areas for airfields, training camps and war industries. 1941-1960 CPRE campaigning helped lead to the Town and Country Planning Act 1947 and the National Parks and Access to
6100-462: The country. The regulation , the tax treatment, and the way in which charity law affects charitable organizations also vary. Charitable organizations may not use any of their funds to profit individual persons or entities. However, some charitable organizations have come under scrutiny for spending a disproportionate amount of their income to pay the salaries of their leadership. Financial figures (e.g. tax refund, revenue from fundraising, revenue from
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#17328448545886200-455: The countryside. However, perhaps as a result of this pressure, in 2010, campaigning against inappropriate mineral extraction by opencast mining started to be featured under the 'Climate change and natural resources' section of CPRE's website. In 2011, the CPRE argued that not enough public consultation had been done on HS2 though a 5-month public consultation was currently being run at the time. The CPRE has been accused by some of exaggerating
6300-434: The creation of national parks in especially beautiful areas and used for the recreation of those living in cities, for the reservation of farming belt zones around towns and cities so as to keep fresh produce close to urban markets and against urban sprawl and uncontrolled ribbon development . It also began arguing the case for protecting areas of England's most beautiful countryside, and for setting up green belts to preserve
6400-421: The emerging popular press and generally enjoyed high social regard. Some charities received state recognition in the form of a royal charter . Charities also began to take on campaigning roles, championing causes and lobbying the government for legislative changes. This included organized campaigns against the mistreatment of animals and children, as well as the successful campaign in the early 19th century to end
6500-584: The end of the 19th century, with the advent of the New Liberalism and the innovative work of Charles Booth in documenting working-class life in London , attitudes towards poverty began to change. This led to the first social liberal welfare reforms , including the provision of old age pensions and free school-meals. During the 20th century, charitable organizations such as Oxfam (established in 1947), Care International , and Amnesty International expanded greatly, becoming large, multinational non-governmental organizations with very large budgets. With
6600-460: The eve of Price Harry's marriage to Meghan Markle in 2018. For BBC Radio 4 Ochota has featured as a correspondent on long-running strand From Our Own Correspondent and has presented radio documentaries including The Lost Sounds Orchestra about sound in the past, and Open Country Exercise Shallow Grave about how archaeology can help military personnel recover from trauma. She produced and presented Open Country Highlands With Horses , joining
6700-659: The expanding middle classes in Britain and America. Octavia Hill (1838–1912) and John Ruskin (1819–1900) were important forces behind the development of social housing , and Andrew Carnegie (1835–1919) exemplified the large-scale philanthropy of the newly rich in industrialized America. In Gospel of Wealth (1889), Carnegie wrote about the responsibilities of great wealth and the importance of social justice. He established public libraries throughout English-speaking countries and contributed large sums to schools and universities. A little over ten years after his retirement, Carnegie had given away over 90% of his fortune. Towards
6800-479: The extent of intrusion in the early 1960s, early 1990s and 2007. They cannot be reproduced. In July 2024, Mary-Ann Ochota was elected President of the CPRE. She was previously interviewed by CPRE and described time spent in green space as "a wonder drug". In 2013 there was agreement to place electricity transmission lines underground in some National Parks, something CPRE is still campaigning for. In 2018 after CPRE's 10-year campaign against drink-container litter,
6900-409: The federal government initiated an inquiry into the definition of a charity. The inquiry proposed a statutory definition of a charity, based on the principles developed through case law. This led to the Charities Bill 2003 , which included limitations on the involvement of charities in political campaigning, an unwelcome departure from the case law as perceived by many charities. The government appointed
7000-466: The final, against Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge . In 2008, she married children's author Joe Craig . Ochota reported for Channel 4's foreign affairs documentary strand, Unreported World . Her first film for the series, India's Slumkid Reporters was broadcast in September 2013, her second, Kickboxing Kids was broadcast in 2014. She contributed to series 1 and 2 of the ITV archaeology programme Britain's Secret Treasures presenting
7100-433: The first seafarers' charity, aiming to aid the recruitment of men into the navy . By 1763, the Society had enlisted over 10,000 men, and an Act of Parliament incorporated it in 1772. Hanway also played a key role in founding the Magdalen Hospital to rehabilitate prostitutes . These organizations were funded by subscriptions and operated as voluntary associations. They raised public awareness about their activities through
7200-495: The founders and members of philanthropic organizations in Ukraine. All funds received by a charitable organization and used for charitable purposes are exempt from taxation, but obtaining non-profit status from the tax authority is necessary. Legalization is required for international charitable funds to operate in Ukraine. Charity law in the UK varies among (i) England and Wales , (ii) Scotland and (iii) Northern Ireland , but
7300-670: The fundamental principles are the same. Most organizations that are charities are required to be registered with the appropriate regulator for their jurisdiction, but significant exceptions apply so that many organizations are bona fide charities but do not appear on a public register. The registers are maintained by the Charity Commission for England and Wales and by the Office of the Scottish Charity Regulator for Scotland. The Charity Commission for Northern Ireland maintains
7400-582: The history of artefacts including the Pegsdon Mirror, Putney 'Brothel' Token, Stone Priory Seal Matrix, Lincoln Roman Statue, Canterbury Pilgrim Badges and the wreck of HMS Colossus . In Britain's Secret Homes (ITV, 2013), she presented the stories of life at Creswell Crags , Derbyshire; St Mungo's Home for Working Girls, London; the Knap of Howar, Orkney , and the Broch of Mousa, Shetland . Ochota presented
7500-474: The history, ecology and modern communities living along the route of the Iron Curtain cold war boundary. Ochota was also a regular presenter of episodes for the long-running World Service anthropology series The Why Factor exploring aspects of human life including surrogacy, pet ownership, dark tourism, the appeal of dinosaurs, veganism, restaurants and a special episode on The World's Marriage Story , on
7600-586: The inviolability of the Greenbelt. YIMBYs have claimed that this policy denies both rural and urban communities the housing that, if planned correctly, they would want to build. The alleged success of CPRE's campaign to restrict housing on the rural-urban fringe has led John Myers, co-founder of London YIMBY, to describe it as 'the NRA of the UK' (referring to the National Rifle Association of America , rather than
7700-659: The magazine. She has argued that UK deer populations must be heavily managed, that the UK has low levels of 'ecological literacy' and better inclusion in the outdoors must include increasing size ranges of outdoor clothing. Ochota has also called for a 'land justice revolution' by expanding the Right to Roam in England and Wales. In 2023 Ochota won the Outdoor Feature of the Year at the Outdoor Writers and Photographers Guild Awards for
7800-607: The organisation operates as the Friends of the Peak District in the Peak District National Park, High Peak Borough and six parishes of North East Derbyshire (Eckington, Unstone, Holmesfield, Killamarsh, Dronfield, Barlow). In 2007 CPRE published a series of intrusion maps which are in development which highlighted areas disturbed by the presence of noise and visual intrusion from major infrastructure. The resulting maps show
7900-519: The organization has to be either incorporated or governed by a legal document called a trust or a constitution. This document has to explain the organization's purposes and structure. Most French charities are registered under the statute of loi d'association de 1901, a type of legal entity for non-profit NGOs. This statute is extremely common in France for any type of group that wants to be institutionalized (sports clubs, book clubs, support groups...), as it
8000-569: The private sector. His views became highly influential and informed the Victorian laissez-faire attitude toward state intervention for the poor. During the 19th century, a profusion of charitable organizations emerged to alleviate the awful conditions of the working class in the slums . The Labourer's Friend Society , chaired by Lord Shaftesbury in the United Kingdom in 1830, aimed to improve working-class conditions. It promoted, for example,
8100-541: The public good as described by the law, and it should demonstrate sufficient transparency in its activities, governance, and finances. Moreover, data has shown that this evidence is pertinent and sensible. Polish charitable organizations with this status include Związek Harcerstwa Polskiego , the Great Orchestra of Christmas Charity , KARTA Center , the Institute of Public Affairs , the Silesian Fantasy Club ,
8200-603: The regional distinctiveness of boat design and the floating way of life. One episode was featured in TV review show Gogglebox . Ochota was co-presenter (with Clive Anderson ) on the Smithsonian Channel archaeology and history series Mystic Britain (2018-2020). It garnered praise for the witty delivery of serious research. Both series of Mystic Britain were acquired by and shown on Channel 5 in 2023. In 2023 Ochota featured on BBC1's flagship outdoors show Countryfile , talking about her passion for landscape archaeology and
8300-512: The rules governing membership. The organization is not, however, a separate legal entity, so it cannot initiate legal action, borrow money, or enter into contracts in its own name. Its officers can be personally liable if the charity is sued or has debts. Mary-Ann Ochota Mary-Ann Ochota ( Polish pronunciation: [ɔˈxɔta] O-hot-ah ; born 8 May 1981) is a British broadcaster specialising in anthropology , archaeology , social history and adventure factual television. She
8400-410: The sale of goods and services or revenue from investment) are indicators to assess the financial sustainability of a charity, especially to charity evaluators . This information can impact a charity's reputation with donors and societies, and thus the charity's financial gains. Charitable organizations often depend partly on donations from businesses. Such donations to charitable organizations represent
8500-649: The scale of the energy problems and the solutions needed to tackle them. During the same year CPRE earned the Bankside Star by contributing significantly to the Together at Christmas gift collection campaign for the homeless, vulnerably housed and elderly people. CPRE has influenced public policy relating to town and country planning in England , most notably in the formation of the National Parks and AONBs in 1949, and of green belts in 1955. It claims some credit for
8600-557: The series "Best of Enemies" for German television, in which she travelled around Britain to find out what the British really think about the Germans. The series was aired on the German channel ARD-alpha in English with German subtitles. In 2017, Ochota presented a six part BBC series called Britain Afloat traveling the waterways of Britain, discovering how boats have shaped our lives and exploring
8700-403: The slow shift of agricultural policies across Europe away from a price-support philosophy to one of environmental stewardship, a policy shift begun in England. Campaigns against noise and light pollution have been pursued over recent years, and CPRE is now focusing on "tranquillity" as a key aspect of the countryside which CPRE wants to see protected in England's planning policies. CPRE joined
8800-627: The streets of London , Captain Thomas Coram set up the Foundling Hospital in 1741 to care for these unwanted orphans in Lamb's Conduit Fields, Bloomsbury . This institution, the world's first of its kind, served as the precedent for incorporated associational charities in general. Another notable philanthropist of the Enlightenment era, Jonas Hanway , established The Marine Society in 1756 as
8900-407: The then CPRE head, Shaun Spiers , about the organisation's opposition to wind farms but not opencast coal mines . George Monbiot asked why he couldn't find any opposition of the CPRE to surface coal mining over the past five years, and pointed out that the negative effects that coal mines cause by removing the soil from large areas are much greater than the negative effects wind energy might have on
9000-518: The threat to rural England and of being alarmist by warning that the Green Belt is in danger of being 'concreted over'. According to a right-wing think tank , the Institute for Economic Affairs , only about one-tenth of the English surface area, (rather than the Green Belt) is 'developed' in the broadest sense; about half of this 'development' consists of domestic gardens, leaving only one-twentieth which
9100-624: The three-part series, Raised Wild for Animal Planet (broadcast as Feral Children in the UK), investigating cases of 'feral' children, defined as children either raised by or with animals, or children who had survived for a significant period in the wild. There were three episodes in Season 1, in Uganda, Ukraine and Fiji. Ochota was the co-presenter for Series 19 (2012) of Channel 4 's archaeology show Time Team with Tony Robinson . In 2016, Ochota presented
9200-419: The unrelated British NRA ). A CPRE report admits more housing is needed but challenges the government statistics on numbers, stating they are based on aspiration rather than observed need. Criticism has also been targeted at the CPRE's emphasis on the use of brownfield sites over greenfield sites as a first choice for building, accusing it of overstating their ability to meet Britain's housing need. According to
9300-412: The upper classes increasingly adopting a philanthropic attitude toward the disadvantaged. In England, this new social activism led to the establishment of charitable organizations, which proliferated from the middle of the 18th century. This emerging upper-class trend for benevolence resulted in the incorporation of the first charitable organizations. Appalled by the number of abandoned children living on
9400-488: The world, share information on complex topics, engage the public, and create more impact from their work. Ochota was a guest on Clive Anderson 's interview series, My Seven Wonders where interviewees are invited to select their personal list of Seven Wonders. Ochota's selection included a chocolate bar, a village in the Democratic Republic of Congo, and the Taj Mahal She has also been interviewed by Sarah Williams for
9500-606: Was also paid to campaigns for sustainable energy generation and the use of brownfield land for building. In 1985 in a campaign to reform the EC's Agricultural Structures Directive, CPRE stopped funding for many damaging agricultural activities and secured the first “green” farm payments. In 1988 it helped persuade the Chancellor of the Exchequer to scrap tax incentives favouring blanket conifer plantations in upland areas. 1990 onwards In 1990
9600-802: Was held in December 1926 at the London offices of the Royal Institute of British Architects and was addressed by Neville Chamberlain , a future prime minister . Various groups were involved in its formation including the National Trust , the Women's Institute and the Commons Preservation Society . Molly Trevelyan was the WI representative and she served on the founding committee. The early years In CPRE's first years, it campaigned for rural planning, for
9700-477: Was introduced on 1 January 1997 through the Act on Public Benefit Organizations. Under Indian law, legal entities such as charitable organizations, corporations, and managing bodies have been given the status of " legal persons " with legal rights, such as the right to sue and be sued, and the right to own and transfer property. Indian charitable organizations with this status include Sir Ratan Tata Trust . In Ireland,
9800-453: Was introduced on 1 January 2004 by the statute on public good activity and volunteering . Charitable organizations of public good are allowed to receive 1.5% of income tax from individuals, making them "tax-deductible organizations". To receive such status, an organization has to be a non-governmental organization , with political parties and trade unions not qualifying. The organization must also be involved in specific activities related to
9900-422: Was regarded as the cause of their woes due to their idleness. Charities tended to oppose the provision of welfare by the state, due to the perceived demoralizing effect . Although minimal state involvement was the dominant philosophy of the period, there was still significant government involvement in the form of statutory regulation and even limited funding. Philanthropy became a very fashionable activity among
10000-527: Was shortlisted as a New Statesman Book of the Year. Her third book, also published by Frances Lincoln was Secret Britain: Unearthing Our Mysterious Past . Her fourth book will be published by Pan Macmillan, on the history of humans. Ochota joined the Clipper Round the World Yacht Race in 2012 on Leg 8, racing Edinburgh Inspiring Capital from Qingdao , China to San Francisco , USA. She sailed as
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