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62-599: Proceeds from the festival benefit music education programs in public schools through the charitable arm of CMA, the CMA Foundation. WSM radio, coordinating with the Country Music Association (CMA), created Fan Fair in 1972 so that fans would refrain from attending the annual radio industry -only convention meant more for disk jockeys and other radio dignitaries that the CMA hosted in the fall. The inaugural Fan Fair

124-453: A few FM stations had begun broadcasting earlier, they were operating under experimental or "Special Temporary Authorizations" and had not yet been granted operating licenses. In 1943 the call sign was changed to WSM-FM, however the station was shut down in 1951, although its antenna is still mounted atop the Blaw Knox tower at Brentwood. Seventeen years later the current incarnation of WSM-FM

186-476: A fifth of the broadcast power of WSM and CFZM, and operates directionally such that it is inaudible in the United States.) Bill Cody has been the host of the morning show, Coffee, Country and Cody since 1998 and has been in radio since 1975. Since its establishment on January 1, 2020, the country music oriented TV network Circle simulcast Coffee, Country, and Cody , following a period of several years where

248-411: A five-year joint sales agreement, however, Gaylord paid Cumulus a fee to operate WSM's sales department and provide news updates for the station. Gaylord Entertainment continued to control WSM and operate all other departments, including programming, engineering, and promotions. The agreement ended in 2008, at which point all control of the station reverted to Gaylord. In 2012, Gaylord Entertainment Company

310-548: A more detailed treatment of this and the above frequency ranges, see Electromagnetic spectrum . Gravitational waves are also described in Hertz. Current observations are conducted in the 30–7000 Hz range by laser interferometers like LIGO , and the nanohertz (1–1000 nHz) range by pulsar timing arrays . Future space-based detectors are planned to fill in the gap, with LISA operating from 0.1–10 mHz (with some sensitivity from 10 μHz to 100 mHz), and DECIGO in

372-418: A period during World War II it was designated to provide transmissions to submarines in the event that ship-to-shore communications were lost. It is now one of the oldest operating broadcast towers in the United States. As a tribute to the station's centrality in country music history, the diamond antenna design was incorporated into the new Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum 's design in 2001. The tower

434-516: A single break. Fan Fair underwent major changes in 2001. For the first time, the event was held over a long weekend (Thursday, June 14 to Sunday, June 17) instead of during the work week. At the same time, the festival moved from its long-time home at the fairgrounds to several sites clustered in downtown Nashville, including Nissan Stadium , the Nashville Convention Center, Bridgestone Arena , and Riverfront Park. The fairgrounds itself

496-578: A transition to a new showcase studio inside the home originally built for Roy Acuff on the grounds of the Grand Ole Opry House. WSM's unusual diamond-shaped transmitting antenna (manufactured by Blaw-Knox ) is visible from Interstate 65 just south of Nashville (in Brentwood ) and is one of the area's landmarks. It is located near the I-65 exit 71 interchange with Concord Road ( State Highway 253 ). When

558-669: A weekly show Friends and Neighbors with his house band, the Stone Fox Five, after most Friday Night Opry episodes. Mandy Barnett hosts a Nashville Songbook series for one hour each Monday evening. Charlie Worsham hosts the Air Castle Community Hour , mainly featuring artists in the Nashville music scene. Jason Coleman hosts a Sunday night piano music show in honor of his grandfather, longtime Nashville keyboardist Floyd Cramer . The Grand Ole Opry fills several nights of

620-752: A worldwide audience via its Internet simulcast. It is the National Primary Entry Point (PEP) for the Emergency Alert System (EAS) in Middle Tennessee and the southwestern portion of Indiana . WSM is one of two clear-channel stations in North America, along with CFZM in Toronto, that still primarily broadcast secular music. ( CKDO , in Ontario, is authorized as a clear channel but operates at

682-499: Is an SI derived unit whose formal expression in terms of SI base units is s , meaning that one hertz is one per second or the reciprocal of one second . It is used only in the case of periodic events. It is named after Heinrich Rudolf Hertz (1857–1894), the first person to provide conclusive proof of the existence of electromagnetic waves . For high frequencies, the unit is commonly expressed in multiples : kilohertz (kHz), megahertz (MHz), gigahertz (GHz), terahertz (THz). Some of

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744-511: Is listed as a National Engineering Landmark and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on March 15, 2011. In 1939, WSM began operating an experimental high-frequency, high-fidelity AM "Apex" station, W4XA , on 26.15 MHz. This was replaced in 1941 by a commercial FM station, initially with the call sign W47NV and operating on 44.7 MHz. This was reported to be first commercial FM to be fully licensed; although

806-473: Is the photon's energy, ν is its frequency, and h is the Planck constant . The hertz is defined as one per second for periodic events. The International Committee for Weights and Measures defined the second as "the duration of 9 192 631 770 periods of the radiation corresponding to the transition between the two hyperfine levels of the ground state of the caesium -133 atom" and then adds: "It follows that

868-452: Is usually measured in kilohertz (kHz), megahertz (MHz), or gigahertz (GHz). with the latter known as microwaves . Light is electromagnetic radiation that is even higher in frequency, and has frequencies in the range of tens of terahertz (THz, infrared ) to a few petahertz (PHz, ultraviolet ), with the visible spectrum being 400–790 THz. Electromagnetic radiation with frequencies in the low terahertz range (intermediate between those of

930-653: The American International Group ) bought NLT. At one time, American General was the parent company of the Life and Casualty Insurance Company based in Nashville, former owner of WSM-TV rival WLAC-TV (now WTVF ), and WLAC-AM-FM, but divested the broadcast properties in 1975, long before the NLT merger. American General was not interested in NLT's non-insurance operations, and sold WSM, Inc. (which included Opryland Hotel , Opryland USA , Ryman Auditorium , The Grand Ole Opry ,

992-490: The Federal Radio Commission implemented General Order 40 , which assigned WSM to a frequency of 650 kHz, as Tennessee's sole "clear channel" allocation. In 1932, the station boosted its power to 50,000 watts. On September 30, 1950, WSM added a television sister station on channel 4, operating as a primary NBC affiliate; WSM-TV was Nashville's first TV station. The studios remained in its original location until

1054-575: The Grand Ole Opry , was owned by the Nashville-based National Life and Accident Insurance Company . In 1974, National Life and Accident Insurance Company reorganized itself as a holding company, NLT Corporation, with the WSM stations as one of the major subsidiaries. After television became popular (thus largely eliminating the audience for full-length radio programs), WSM adopted a middle of

1116-536: The Heartland network. Cody's Pure American Country syndicated show is flagshipped at WSM. Larry Gatlin , lead singer of the Gatlin Brothers, hosts an hourlong gospel program on the weekends as of 2016. Tracy Lawrence 's syndicated program Honky Tonkin ' has been flagshipped at WSM since 2015. Dailey & Vincent host a monthly radio show on the station. Chris Scruggs , grandson of Earl Scruggs , hosts

1178-446: The 0.1–10 Hz range. In computers, most central processing units (CPU) are labeled in terms of their clock rate expressed in megahertz ( MHz ) or gigahertz ( GHz ). This specification refers to the frequency of the CPU's master clock signal . This signal is nominally a square wave , which is an electrical voltage that switches between low and high logic levels at regular intervals. As

1240-468: The 1970s. In some usage, the "per second" was omitted, so that "megacycles" (Mc) was used as an abbreviation of "megacycles per second" (that is, megahertz (MHz)). Sound is a traveling longitudinal wave , which is an oscillation of pressure . Humans perceive the frequency of a sound as its pitch . Each musical note corresponds to a particular frequency. An infant's ear is able to perceive frequencies ranging from 20 Hz to 20 000  Hz ;

1302-438: The 2002 festival drawing 126,000 fans. Attendance slipped slightly the following year, partially because many of the more-renowned country music stars declined to appear at the festival. However, in 2003, attendance was down only 1.7% over the year before, compared to a 25% decline in overall U.S. tourist travel for the same period. The attendance slippage was not permanent; in 2007, a record-breaking crowd of 191,000 people attended

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1364-704: The 2007 CMA Music Festival. The name was changed to CMA Fest in 2018. The festival went on hiatus in 2020 and 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic , but returned in 2022. Through 2000, the CMA Music Festival was considered a sell-out if 25,000 people attended. Attendees span all ages, from infants to the elderly and come from 41 countries, including Canada, France, Australia, Germany, the United Kingdom, China, Japan, and Russia. After moving to its new, larger and air-conditioned home in 2001, attendance numbers soared, with

1426-625: The Blue , The Crook & Chase Countdown and Y'all Access with Kelly Sutton . In 2017, WSM launched "Route 650", a full-time Americana music streaming station available via its website, mobile app and services like TuneIn . In 2018, WSM launched "Opry Nashville Radio", a full-time streaming station billed as being "based on the Grand Ole Opry and Nashville lifestyle" and focusing mainly on contemporary country music. During December, this channel flips to all Christmas music . As recently as 2020,

1488-714: The Opryland Hotel, departing their shared building on Knob Road, which still houses WSMV today. WSM broadcast in the C-QUAM format of AM stereo , which could be heard over several states at night, from 1982 until 2000. In 1996, the station was named Radio Station of the Year at the International Bluegrass Music Awards . In 2001, management had sought to capitalize on the success of sister station WWTN 's sports trappings by converting WSM to an all-sports format. Word

1550-523: The South", the station broadcasts with 50,000 watts around the clock from a facility in Brentwood, Tennessee . It has one of the largest daytime coverage areas in the country, providing at least grade B coverage as far southeast as Chattanooga , as far northwest as Evansville, Indiana , as far west as Jackson, Tennessee and as far south as Huntsville, Alabama . At night, WSM's clear channel signal reaches much of North America and nearby countries. WSM reaches

1612-476: The average adult human can hear sounds between 20 Hz and 16 000  Hz . The range of ultrasound , infrasound and other physical vibrations such as molecular and atomic vibrations extends from a few femtohertz into the terahertz range and beyond. Electromagnetic radiation is often described by its frequency—the number of oscillations of the perpendicular electric and magnetic fields per second—expressed in hertz. Radio frequency radiation

1674-508: The buildings at the Opryland complex were repaired. WSM's administrative offices next door to the Grand Ole Opry House were completely destroyed by the flood, resulting in the loss of several priceless documents from the station's history, and later demolished. In 2024, WSM vacated its longstanding studio inside the Magnolia Lobby of Gaylord Opryland Resort & Convention Center , and began

1736-625: The channel converted to "WSM Entertainment", a separate satellite radio feed that carried the same classic country music format as the AM signal. About a year after the channel was eliminated, then-rival XM Satellite Radio announced the carriage of the Grand Ole Opry on Nashville! channel 11 beginning in October 2007, as well as the Eddie Stubbs Show on America channel 10 beginning in November 2007. After

1798-559: The company's building on Seventh Avenue and Union Street in downtown Nashville; this was the original home of the Opry, until 1934. WSM is associated with the popularization of country music through its weekly Saturday night program, the Grand Ole Opry , the longest-running radio program in history. The Opry began as the WSM Barn Dance on November 28, 1925, with Uncle Jimmy Thompson as

1860-574: The current occupant of the 103.3 frequency vacated by the original WSM-FM, WKDF , are now sister stations, with each separately broadcasting a country music format. Television channel 4 (originally WSM-TV, and now WSMV-TV ), was started by WSM, Inc. in 1950 and sold to George N. Gillett Jr. in 1981. KHz The hertz (symbol: Hz ) is the unit of frequency in the International System of Units (SI), often described as being equivalent to one event (or cycle ) per second . The hertz

1922-435: The early decades of the station's existence, in hopes of getting to perform on WSM. Over time, as more acts and recording companies came to Nashville, the city became known as the center of the country music industry. Disc jockey David Cobb is credited with first referring to Nashville as "Music City USA", a designation that has since been adopted as the city's official nickname by the local tourism board. On November 11, 1928,

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1984-440: The event being counted may be a complete cycle); 100 Hz means "one hundred periodic events occur per second", and so on. The unit may be applied to any periodic event—for example, a clock might be said to tick at 1 Hz , or a human heart might be said to beat at 1.2 Hz . The occurrence rate of aperiodic or stochastic events is expressed in reciprocal second or inverse second (1/s or s ) in general or, in

2046-548: The event besting 2014 by 9.6%. In 2022, the festival returned for the first time (1099 days) since closing during the COVID-19 pandemic and sold out with fans from across the US and 39 countries. WSM (AM) WSM (650 kHz ) is a commercial AM radio station, located in Nashville, Tennessee . It broadcasts a country music format (with classic country and Americana leanings,

2108-538: The festival or for their performances during it. In 2004, the CMA renamed the event to the CMA Music Festival in order to change negative perceptions, embrace the CMA brand, and expand its appeal. Also in 2004, the ABC network televised the event as a two-hour special known as CMA Music Festival: Country's Night to Rock . The first special, which aired on July 14, 2004, ranked number 16 in viewers, with an estimated 9 million people tuning in. The annual special, re-edited from

2170-427: The festival. In 2010 and 2011, a record 65,000 people a day were estimated to have attended ticketed and free events. In 2011, total combined attendance for the four-day event was estimated to have exceeded 250,000 people at ticketed events and in free areas. Visitors came from 41 nations, and all 50 US states. In 2015 tickets sold out seven months in advance and had a record-setting attendance of 87,680 fans attending

2232-485: The first performer. George D. Hay , a newspaper reporter from Memphis, was WSM's first program director. On December 10, 1927, Hay is quoted as saying "For the past hour we have been listening to music largely from Grand Opera, but from now on we will present 'The Grand Ole Opry'", contrasting the preceding program on the NBC Red Network with WSM's local broadcast. The station traditionally played country music in

2294-439: The fledgling The Nashville Network cable television outlet, WSM-FM, and WSM) to Gaylord Broadcasting Company . WSM-TV, due to FCC ownership limits at the time, was sold instead to Gillett Broadcasting and changed its callsign to WSMV-TV . However, there was still considerable overlap between the stations' on-air personnel for some years after the ownership change. Gaylord would also move the WSM radio stations to new facilities at

2356-449: The hertz has become the primary unit of measurement accepted by the general populace to determine the performance of a CPU, many experts have criticized this approach, which they claim is an easily manipulable benchmark . Some processors use multiple clock cycles to perform a single operation, while others can perform multiple operations in a single cycle. For personal computers, CPU clock speeds have ranged from approximately 1 MHz in

2418-413: The highest normally usable radio frequencies and long-wave infrared light) is often called terahertz radiation . Even higher frequencies exist, such as that of X-rays and gamma rays , which can be measured in exahertz (EHz). For historical reasons, the frequencies of light and higher frequency electromagnetic radiation are more commonly specified in terms of their wavelengths or photon energies : for

2480-616: The hyperfine splitting in the ground state of the caesium 133 atom is exactly 9 192 631 770  hertz , ν hfs Cs = 9 192 631 770  Hz ." The dimension of the unit hertz is 1/time (T ). Expressed in base SI units, the unit is the reciprocal second (1/s). In English, "hertz" is also used as the plural form. As an SI unit, Hz can be prefixed ; commonly used multiples are kHz (kilohertz, 10  Hz ), MHz (megahertz, 10  Hz ), GHz (gigahertz, 10  Hz ) and THz (terahertz, 10  Hz ). One hertz (i.e. one per second) simply means "one periodic event occurs per second" (where

2542-454: The late 1970s ( Atari , Commodore , Apple computers ) to up to 6 GHz in IBM Power microprocessors . Various computer buses , such as the front-side bus connecting the CPU and northbridge , also operate at various frequencies in the megahertz range. Higher frequencies than the International System of Units provides prefixes for are believed to occur naturally in the frequencies of

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2604-578: The latter of which is branded as "Route 650") and is known as the home of the Grand Ole Opry , the world's longest running radio program. The station is owned Ryman Hospitality Properties , Inc. After nearly 40 years broadcasting from a studio within the Gaylord Opryland Resort & Convention Center , WSM moved to a showcase studio inside the former home of Roy Acuff , just outside the Grand Ole Opry House, in July 2024. Nicknamed "The Air Castle of

2666-429: The merger between Sirius and XM, the Grand Ole Opry broadcasts were moved to the service's The Roadhouse channel, which is heard on both Sirius and XM. Following the devastating 2010 Tennessee flood that inundated Gaylord Opryland and the Grand Ole Opry House, the station broadcast from a makeshift studio at its transmitter site for six months, while the Grand Ole Opry rotated between several performance sites, until

2728-528: The mid-1960s, when the company built a new headquarters building downtown and new studios for WSM-TV on Knob Road in west Nashville (the TV station had been located near Belmont College ). Upon completion of the new headquarters, National Life and Accident Insurance Company chose to relocate WSM radio to their new TV studios, and WSM radio, joined in 1968 by its new FM sister, broadcast from that location from 1966 to 1983. For most of its history, WSM, along with WSM-TV and

2790-399: The nighttime hours, when listeners from around the United States would tune in. During daytime hours, the station broadcast long-form radio , including both local and NBC network programs, in addition to music. WSM is credited with helping shape Nashville into a recording industry capital. Because of WSM's wide reach, musical acts from all across the eastern United States came to Nashville in

2852-514: The road (MOR) music format during the daytime hours, and continued to play country music at night. It was not until 1980 that WSM adopted the 24-hour country music format of today. Country and bluegrass legend John Hartford parodied the distinctive style of WSM DJs on the 1971 album Aereo-Plain , humorously changing the station's call letters to the phrase "Dorothy S. Ma'am". In 1981, the American General Corporation (now part of

2914-544: The rules for capitalisation of a common noun ; i.e., hertz becomes capitalised at the beginning of a sentence and in titles but is otherwise in lower case. The hertz is named after the German physicist Heinrich Hertz (1857–1894), who made important scientific contributions to the study of electromagnetism . The name was established by the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) in 1935. It

2976-413: The specific case of radioactivity , in becquerels . Whereas 1 Hz (one per second) specifically refers to one cycle (or periodic event) per second, 1 Bq (also one per second) specifically refers to one radionuclide event per second on average. Even though frequency, angular velocity , angular frequency and radioactivity all have the dimension T , of these only frequency is expressed using

3038-511: The station was live and locally operated during the overnight hours, but the overnight host position was eliminated in February 2020. Founded by the National Life and Accident Insurance Company as a platform to sell the company's insurance products, WSM first signed on October 5, 1925. The call letters were derived from the company's motto, "We Shield Millions". Studios were first located in

3100-550: The station's evening schedule. Following the Opry on most Saturday nights is the Midnite Jamboree , an aftershow that was originally founded by Ernest Tubb in 1947 and continues to be sponsored by Tubb's eponymous record shop . Following the Jamboree is the regionally syndicated Sutton Ole Time Music Hour . Syndicated programming on WSM as of 2024 includes reruns of Bob Kingsley -era American Country Countdown , Into

3162-609: The third year, Paul McCartney , the first non-country musician in the lineup, was invited to perform, and Dolly Parton and Porter Wagoner performed a duet for the last time before dissolving their partnership. By 1982, the festival was moved to the Nashville Fairgrounds , and the All American Country Games competition was added. This event, which raised money for the Tennessee Special Olympics ,

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3224-422: The three days of events, continues to air on ABC as of the present. A new attendance record was set in 2007 with 191,154 fans attending. Those in attendance participated in more than 100 hours of concerts, 30 hours of organized autograph signings, family activities, celebrity sports competitions, interactive exhibits, giveaways, games and other activities. Over 400 celebrities made appearances at

3286-410: The tower was built in 1932, it was 878 feet (267.6m) tall and was the tallest antenna in North America. Its height was reduced to 808 feet (246 m) in 1939 when it was discovered that the taller tower was causing self-cancellation in the "fringe" areas of reception of the station (it is now known that 195 electrical degrees, about 810 feet, is the optimum height for a Class A station on that frequency). For

3348-480: The unit hertz. Thus a disc rotating at 60 revolutions per minute (rpm) is said to have an angular velocity of 2 π  rad/s and a frequency of rotation of 1 Hz . The correspondence between a frequency f with the unit hertz and an angular velocity ω with the unit radians per second is The hertz is named after Heinrich Hertz . As with every SI unit named for a person, its symbol starts with an upper case letter (Hz), but when written in full, it follows

3410-403: The unit's most common uses are in the description of periodic waveforms and musical tones , particularly those used in radio - and audio-related applications. It is also used to describe the clock speeds at which computers and other electronics are driven. The units are sometimes also used as a representation of the energy of a photon , via the Planck relation E  =  hν , where E

3472-482: Was adopted by the General Conference on Weights and Measures (CGPM) ( Conférence générale des poids et mesures ) in 1960, replacing the previous name for the unit, "cycles per second" (cps), along with its related multiples, primarily "kilocycles per second" (kc/s) and "megacycles per second" (Mc/s), and occasionally "kilomegacycles per second" (kMc/s). The term "cycles per second" was largely replaced by "hertz" by

3534-502: Was canceled in 1989 to add more shows. In 1991, singer Kathy Mattea attended Fan Fair despite being under doctor's orders not to speak or sing, so that her injured vocal cords could heal. She used a computer to type messages for her fans to read as she held "conversations" with them. Garth Brooks decided at the last minute to attend the 25th anniversary of the festival in 1996. He was swarmed with fans, and stayed in his booth signing autographs for 23 hours and 10 minutes without

3596-444: Was converted to a temporary campground for attendees. Until 2001, the evening concerts were organized by record labels , with each label choosing which of its artists would be able to perform, and the length of the appearance. Beginning with Fan Fair 2001, these main concerts were grouped instead by record distribution group. This allowed for four main concerts, for Sony , WEA/EMI , UNI , and BMG . The artists are not paid to attend

3658-402: Was established after a National Life subsidiary purchased WLWM and renamed it WSM-FM in 1968. This WSM-FM (95.5 MHz) was WSM's sister until 2008, when Cumulus Media , the full owner of WSM-FM since 2003, ended its joint sales agreement with the AM station. Despite having the same base call sign, the two stations are no longer related; incidentally, both the current WSM-FM on 95.5 MHz and

3720-408: Was held from April 12–15, 1972, at Nashville's Municipal Auditorium . The inaugural four-day event was attended by 5,000 fans and featured 20 hours of live entertainment and 100 exhibit booths, including autograph booths. The following year, Fan Fair was moved to June in the hope of finding better weather conditions and attracting more visitors—attendance doubled to 10,000 fans. In

3782-424: Was leaked to other media resulting in protests, including longtime Opry personalities and country music singers, outside the station's studios. Management eventually made the decision to keep the station's classic country format. In 2003, WSM-FM and WWTN, sister stations to WSM, were sold to Cumulus Media. Cumulus intended to purchase WSM as well, but Gaylord decided to maintain ownership at the eleventh hour. Through

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3844-527: Was renamed Ryman Hospitality Properties. Ryman sold minority stakes in the Opry businesses to NBCUniversal and Atairos in April 2022, but spun WSM's license off into a subsidiary that remained separate from that transaction and wholly-owned by Ryman. From 2002 until 2006, the station was a choice on Sirius Satellite Radio , which carried a full-time simulcast of WSM's signal, except during NASCAR races. Briefly in 2006,

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