88-576: CBC North ( Inuktitut : ᓰᐲᓰ ᐅᑭᐅᖅᑕᖅᑐᒥ , romanized : SiiPiiSii Ukiuqtaqtumi , lit. 'CBC Northwest'; Cree : ᓰᐲᓰ ᒌᐌᑎᓅᑖᐦᒡ , romanized: SiiPiiSii Chiiwetinuutaahch ; French : Radio-Canada Nord ) is the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation 's radio and television service for the Northwest Territories , Nunavut , and Yukon of Northern Canada as well as Eeyou Istchee and Nunavik in
176-740: A current affairs program known as Maamuitaau ( ᒫᒯᐄᑖᐤ , "let's get together", starting in 1982) airs on Sundays. This program and the regional newscasts were also broadcast on the Aboriginal Peoples Television Network before the creation of APTN National News . Upon launch on satellite in 1973, there were two separate CBC North television feeds. CBHT in Halifax , and later CBNT in St. John's , provided an "eastern" feed on an Atlantic Time Zone schedule, while CBUT in Vancouver provided
264-701: A glottal stop when after a vowel (e.g., maꞌna ), or separates an n from an ng (e.g., avin'ngaq ) or an r from an rh (e.g., qar'rhuk ). In April 2012, with the completion of the Old Testament , the first complete Bible in Inuktitut, translated by native speakers, was published. Noted literature in Inuktitut has included the novels Harpoon of the Hunter by Markoosie Patsauq , and Sanaaq by Mitiarjuk Nappaaluk . The Inuktitut syllabary used in Canada
352-609: A "western" feed on a Pacific Time Zone schedule. These feeds also served as the master national network signals for CBC Television. Viewers in North America with C band receive-only satellite systems used to be able to receive the two unencrypted analog NTSC feeds until the early 2000s, when the CBC consolidated master control operations to Toronto and Montreal and transitioned to encrypted digital satellite transmissions. The western feed would then be discontinued altogether following
440-646: A budget cut that went into effect on that date, the CBC shut down those three stations as well as more than 600 analog television relay transmitters throughout the whole of Canada. In the North, only CFYK-DT and any transmitters owned by local governments or community organizations remained in operation thereafter. Most viewers in the Arctic did not lose access to CBC programming because of the extremely high penetration of cable and satellite. CFYK-DT broadcasts two half-hour regional newscasts on weekdays, CBC News: Northbeat (which
528-441: A mailbag program entitled The Northern Messenger . Letters were sent to CBC studios and read on air to listeners in far-flung settlements. The Northern Messenger functioned as a way to provide residents in remote locations with a means to communicate with friends and family in the south, especially during the winter months, as normal mail delivery was infrequent or non-existent and long-distance telephone networks had not yet reached
616-686: A move that also coincided with expanding the program into one that aired on shortwave every weekday throughout the entire year. The CBC North television production centre and sole terrestrial television transmitter is at CFYK-DT (formerly CFYK-TV) in Yellowknife, with local news bureaus located in Iqaluit and Whitehorse. Until July 31, 2012, CFFB-TV in Iqaluit, CFWH-TV in Whitehorse, and CHAK-TV in Inuvik operated in association with CFYK-TV. However, following
704-729: A part of the Trans-Canada Network . Over the next two years, the CBC would take over the operations of seven other stations, listed below in chronological order: Of the eight inaugural stations, studio facilities were retained only in Churchill, Goose Bay, Inuvik, Whitehorse, and Yellowknife. The Dawson City, Fort Smith, and Hay River stations were converted into unattended relay transmitters . Similar relays were built during 1959 at Fort Nelson in British Columbia and Watson Lake in Yukon. As
792-545: A population of 500 or more were offered a live television relay transmitter as part of the CBC's Accelerated Coverage Plan of 1974. The governments of the Northwest Territories and Yukon would later supplement this plan by installing additional relay transmitters in communities of less than 500 people. Radio was affected by the transition to satellite broadcasting as well, since a feed of CBC Radio originating in Toronto
880-464: A root morpheme to which other morphemes are suffixed. Inuktitut has hundreds of distinct suffixes, in some dialects as many as 700. However, it is highly regular, with rules that do not have exceptions like in English and other Indo-European languages , though they are sometimes very complicated. One example is the word qangatasuukkuvimmuuriaqalaaqtunga ( ᖃᖓᑕᓲᒃᑯᕕᒻᒨᕆᐊᖃᓛᖅᑐᖓ ) meaning 'I'll have to go to
968-619: A scheme called Qaniujaaqpait or Inuktitut syllabics , based on Canadian Aboriginal syllabics . In the 1860s, missionaries imported this system of Qaniujaaqpait , which they had developed in their efforts to convert the Cree to Christianity , to the Eastern Canadian Inuit. The Netsilik Inuit in Kugaaruk and north Baffin Island adopted Qaniujaaqpait by the 1920s. In September 2019,
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#17328553495571056-447: A significant budget cut to Radio Canada International , the operator of the facilities. To compensate for the loss of CBC North radio coverage this caused in northern Quebec, FM relay transmitters were installed in five communities of Nunavik, including the production centre of Kuujjuaq. By 2018, CBC North was broadcasting 211 hours per week of regional programming, including 125 hours per week in eight Indigenous languages. As part of
1144-447: A transmitter station RV-1 in the Moscow region , and a second broadcasting centre came on air at Leningrad in 1925. By 1939, Radio Moscow was broadcasting (on mediumwave and shortwave ) in English, French, Indonesian , German, Italian and Arabic . During the 1930s, Radio Moscow expressed concern about Nazi Germany and its dictator Adolf Hitler , while its Italian mediumwave service
1232-478: A unified orthography called Inuktut Qaliujaaqpait, based on the Latin alphabet without diacritics, was adopted for all varieties of Inuktitut by the national organization Inuit Tapiriit Kanatami , after eight years of work. It was developed by Inuit to be used by speakers of any dialect from any region, and can be typed on electronic devices without specialized keyboard layouts. It does not replace syllabics, and people from
1320-468: A vestige of the retroflex consonants of Proto-Inuit . Inuinnaqtun has one fewer consonant, as /s/ and /ɬ/ have merged into /h/ . All dialects of Inuktitut have only three basic vowels and make a phonological distinction between short and long forms of all vowels. In Inuujingajut —Nunavut standard Roman orthography—long vowels are written as a double vowel. All voiceless stops are unaspirated, like in many other languages. The voiceless uvular stop
1408-677: A volunteer basis by members of the Canadian Armed Forces as well as civilians residing in the communities the stations served. In addition to local programming, the stations often aired recordings provided by the United States Armed Forces Radio Service —owing to the US military presence in several Arctic settlements at the time—and also a limited amount of CBC programming relayed via the NWT&;Y Radio System. In late 1952,
1496-631: Is based on the Cree syllabary devised by the missionary James Evans . The present form of the syllabary for Canadian Inuktitut was adopted by the Inuit Cultural Institute in Canada in the 1970s. Inuit in Alaska, Inuvialuit , Inuinnaqtun speakers, and Inuit in Greenland and Labrador use Latin alphabets. Though conventionally called a syllabary , the writing system has been classified by some observers as an abugida , since syllables starting with
1584-569: Is broadcast through CFWH-FM for the benefit of Franco-Yukonnais outside of Whitehorse, as no other Yukon community is served by an Ici Radio-Canada Première relay transmitter or a local francophone community radio station. Whitehorse itself is served by CFWY-FM, owned by the Association franco-yukonnaise as a relay of CBUF-FM in Vancouver . Until the 1970s, the CBC Northern Service featured
1672-439: Is called Nunavimmiutut ( ᐃᓄᑦᑎᑐᑦ ). This dialect is also sometimes called Tarramiutut or Taqramiutut ( ᑕᕐᕋᒥᐅᑐᑦ or ᑕᖅᕐᕋᒥᐅᑐᑦ ). Sub dialects of Inuktitut in this region include Tarrarmiut and Itivimuit. Itivimuit is associated with Inukjuak , Quebec, and there is an Itivimuit River near the town. The Nunatsiavut dialect ( Inuttitut ᓄᓇᑦᓯᐊᕗᒻᒥᐅᑐᑦ or, often in government documents, Labradorimiutut )
1760-542: Is not English. In the Nunavik region of Northern Quebec, CBC North is heard on a single-frequency network of low-power FM transmitters whose main station is CFFB-FM-5 in Kuujjuaq. This network was established in 2012 to partially replace coverage lost when Taqramiut Nipingat converted its network of CBC North relay transmitters into an independent network and when shortwave broadcasts through CKCX ended. These stations broadcast
1848-591: Is primarily presented in English, but also contains stories presented in Indigenous languages with English subtitles), and the Inuktitut-language Igalaaq ( ᐃᒐᓛᖅ , "window"). Both programs replaced the previous weekly news magazines Focus North and Aqsarniit in 1995. Igalaaq was anchored by Rassi Nashalik until her retirement in 2014. Northbeat was the only local newscast in English not merged into Canada Now from 2000 to 2006. In Cree,
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#17328553495571936-805: Is recognized as one of eight official native tongues in the Northwest Territories. It also has legal recognition in Nunavik —a part of Quebec—thanks in part to the James Bay and Northern Quebec Agreement , and is recognized in the Charter of the French Language as the official language of instruction for Inuit school districts there. It also has some recognition in NunatuKavut and Nunatsiavut —the Inuit area in Labrador —following
2024-523: Is relatively close to the South Baffin dialect, but not identical. Because of the political and physical boundary between Nunavik and Nunavut, Nunavik has separate government and educational institutions from those in the rest of the Inuktitut-speaking world, resulting in a growing standardization of the local dialect as something separate from other forms of Inuktitut. In the Nunavik dialect, Inuktitut
2112-574: Is spoken in all areas north of the North American tree line , including parts of the provinces of Newfoundland and Labrador , Quebec , to some extent in northeastern Manitoba as well as the Northwest Territories and Nunavut . It is one of the aboriginal languages written with Canadian Aboriginal syllabics . It is recognized as an official language in Nunavut alongside Inuinnaqtun and both languages are known collectively as Inuktut . Further, it
2200-442: Is the home of some 24,000 Inuit, over 80% of whom speak Inuktitut. This includes some 3,500 people reported as monolinguals. The 2001 census data shows that the use of Inuktitut, while lower among the young than the elderly, has stopped declining in Canada as a whole and may even be increasing in Nunavut. The South Baffin dialect ( Qikiqtaaluk nigiani , ᕿᑭᖅᑖᓗᒃ ᓂᒋᐊᓂ ) is spoken across the southern part of Baffin Island , including
2288-775: Is the only local or regional CBC Radio service which covers three time zones ( Eastern , Central , and Mountain ). On weekdays, CFFB produces Qulliq (" oil lamp ") in the morning and Nipivut ("our voices") at midday. Both programs are bilingual, containing English and Inuktitut elements. Meanwhile, CBQR-FM in Rankin Inlet contributes the English and Inuktitut program Tusaajaksat ("things heard about") on weekday afternoons. Programming solely in Inuktitut includes Tausunni ("smell of humans"), produced in Iqaluit on weekday afternoons, and Tuttavik ("place of encounter"), produced at CFFB-FM-5 in Kuujjuaq, Quebec (Nunavik), also on weekday afternoons. Unlike other stations within
2376-546: Is usually written as q, but sometimes written as r. The voiceless lateral fricative is romanized as ɬ, but is often written as &, or simply as l. /ŋ/ is spelt as ng, and geminated /ŋ/ is spelt as nng. Inuktitut, like other Eskaleut languages , has a very rich morphological system, in which a succession of different morphemes are added to root words to indicate things that, in languages like English, would require several words to express. (See also: Agglutinative language and Polysynthetic language .) All words begin with
2464-508: The CBC Radio One network, CBC North radio stations carry national programming in English along with regional and local programming in English, French, and the following eight Indigenous languages: Chipewyan , Cree ( East Cree ), North and South Slavey , Gwich'in , Inuktitut, Inuvialuktun , and Tlicho . The shows include news, weather, and entertainment, providing service to the many Indigenous people of Northern Canada whose first language
2552-672: The Department of National Defence desired to reduce its role in maintaining broadcasting infrastructure in Northern Canada. Meanwhile, as an outgrowth of the 1957 Report of the Royal Commission on Broadcasting (also known as the Fowler Commission), the CBC proposed operating a "northern service" of up to twelve radio stations, in part by converting existing stations operated by volunteers into stations staffed by CBC employees. One of
2640-586: The James Bay Cree Communications Society and Taqramiut Nipingat aired on local CBC North relay transmitters and CKCX until the 2000s, when both organizations launched their own independent radio networks. In 1992, after being located in Ottawa since the establishment of CBC North, the service's regional head office was moved to Yellowknife. CKCX and its associated shortwave broadcasting facilities were shut down on December 1, 2012, following
2728-536: The Nord-du-Québec region of Quebec . The genesis of CBC North began in 1923 when the Royal Canadian Corps of Signals established a radiotelegraph system linking Dawson City and Mayo in Yukon with Alaska , British Columbia , and Alberta . Other settlements in Northern Canada were soon connected, forming the Northwest Territories & Yukon (NWT&Y) Radio System . While the original purpose of
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2816-499: The Russian president Boris Yeltsin issued a decree which reorganized Radio Moscow with a new name: Voice of Russia . By 1931, when Radio Moscow came under the control of the newly established Gosteleradio , the service comprised eight languages: English , French , German , Czech , Hungarian , Italian , Spanish , Swedish . By the 1970s there were 64 languages: In 1989 Russian , Malay and Tagalog were added. In 10 of
2904-870: The 14 union republics besides the RSFSR there were foreign broadcasting services. Until 1988, there was no Russian service of Radio Moscow. Instead there were several other services for Russians abroad like the Fifth programme of the All-Union Radio (since 1960), Radio Motherland (Радиостанция Родина) of the Soviet Committee for Cultural Relations with Fellow-Countrymen Abroad or for fishermen Radio Pacific Ocean (Радиостанция Тихий Океан, 1963–2001) from Vladivostok and Radio Atlantic (Радиостанция Атлантика, 1965–2004) from Murmansk . The First All-Union Radio Programme and Radio Mayak were also relayed on shortwave. The USSR pioneered
2992-464: The 1760s that was based on the Latin script. (This alphabet is distinguished by its inclusion of the letter kra , ĸ.) They later travelled to Labrador in the 1800s, bringing the Inuktitut alphabet with them. The Alaskan Yupik and Inupiat (who additionally developed their own syllabary ) and the Siberian Yupik also adopted Latin alphabets. Most Inuktitut in Nunavut and Nunavik is written using
3080-623: The 1960s, the European attitude towards the Inuktitut language started to change. Inuktitut was seen as a language worth preserving, and it was argued that knowledge, particularly in the first years of school, is best transmitted in the mother tongue. This set off the beginning of bilingual schools. In 1969, most Inuit voted to eliminate federal schools and replace them with programs by the General Directorate of New Quebec [ fr ] ( Direction générale du Nouveau-Québec, DGNQ ). Content
3168-481: The 1970s and 1980s. After beginning Inuktitut- and Cree-language broadcasting in northern Quebec, the service saw the need for more musical content. However, initial recordings were done on cassettes , which were of little use to many of the broadcasting stations. The Northern Service began producing vinyl 45 RPM records in 1973. The first session produced singles by Charlie Panigoniak and Mark Etak. A 1975 session recorded singles by Sugluk , from Salluit , Quebec. In
3256-526: The 2001 census, mostly in the town of Nain . Inuktitut is seriously endangered in Labrador. Nunatsiavut also had a separate dialect reputedly much closer to western Inuktitut dialects, spoken in the area around Rigolet . According to news reports, in 1999 it had only three very elderly speakers. Though often thought to be a dialect of Greenlandic , Inuktun or Polar Eskimo is a recent arrival in Greenland from
3344-507: The 2012 shutdown of all CBC-owned transmitters in the North except for CFYK-DT. The remaining feed for Yellowknife left C band satellite in 2018, by which time the CBC had connected its production centres to a fiber optic network and, after 45 years, stopped leasing satellite space from Telesat , the owner and operator of the Anik satellites. The CBC Northern Service was a significant source of musical recordings of Inuit and First Nations artists in
3432-408: The 2014 compilation album Native North America, Vol. 1 . Inuktitut language Inuktitut ( / ɪ ˈ n ʊ k t ə t ʊ t / ih- NUUK -tə-tuut ; Inuktitut: [inuktiˈtut] , syllabics ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ ; from inuk , 'person' + -titut , 'like', 'in the manner of'), also known as Eastern Canadian Inuktitut , is one of the principal Inuit languages of Canada. It
3520-975: The Armed Forces Radio Service ceased deliveries of programming to several of the radio stations. Efforts were then made to expand the reach of CBC programming in Northern Canada by utilizing the resources of the CBC's Troop Broadcast Service, which was originally developed to distribute recordings of CBC radio programming to Canadian military units stationed overseas. The domestic distribution of CBC radio recordings began in January 1953 with CFGB in Goose Bay, Labrador (now Happy Valley-Goose Bay , Newfoundland and Labrador ) receiving an initial shipment of 53 discs that would then be sent to CHFC in Churchill, Manitoba ; and then to CFWH in Whitehorse , Yukon. The program
3608-577: The CBC Radio One network, CFFB broadcasts regional programming on weekday evenings. This consists of the Indigenous storytelling programs Ullumi Tusaqsauqaujut ("heard today") and Sinnaksautit ("bedtimes"). On weekends, CFFB produces a regional morning program and a music request show, the Sunday Request Show . On weekdays, CFWH-FM in Whitehorse produces the morning show Yukon Morning ,
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3696-520: The CBC's production centres in the North were collectively producing 220 hours of regional radio programming per week, of which 100 hours were in seven Indigenous languages. On television, the first CBC production centre inside the CBC North service area opened at CFYK-TV in Yellowknife in 1979, producing Our Ways , a monthly news magazine. An additional television production unit was established in Whitehorse in 1986, and in Iqaluit in 1987 when production of
3784-532: The Canadian Broadcasting Corporation was formed as the successor to the CRBC, the program was continued by CBC Radio into the 1970s. During its first year, Canadian Northern Messenger relayed 1,754 messages, and would handle six times that many by its fourth year. Beginning in the 1940s, Northern Messenger would be recorded and broadcast to the Yukon and Northwest Territories on Saturday nights over
3872-535: The Canadian census as Inuktut. Before contact with Europeans, Inuit learned skills by example and participation. The Inuktitut language provided them with all the vocabulary required to describe traditional practices and natural features. Up to this point, it was solely an oral language . However, European colonialism brought the schooling system to Canada. The missionaries of the Anglican and Roman Catholic churches were
3960-591: The Caribbean islands and US State of Florida. One programme on air in the 1980s with an informal presentation, in contrast to most other shows, was the Listeners' Request Club , hosted by radio presenter Vasily Strelnikov . Another feature on Radio Moscow was Moscow Mailbag , which answered listeners' questions in English about the Soviet Union. From 1957, the programme was presented by Joe Adamov . On 22 December 1993,
4048-595: The Commonwealth Braille and Talking Book Cooperative, developed a Braille code for the Inuktitut language syllabics. This code is based on representing the syllabics' orientation. Machine translation from Unicode UTF-8 and UTF-16 can be performed using the Liblouis Braille translation system<ref>{{Cite web|url= https://liblouis.io/ |title=Liblouis |access-date= which includes an Inuktitut Braille translation table. The book ᐃᓕᐊᕐᔪᒃ ᓇᓄᕐᓗ ( The Orphan and
4136-1026: The Eastern Canadian Arctic, arriving perhaps as late as the 18th century. Throughout Inuit Nunaat and Inuit Nunangat the Inuktut is used to refer to Inuktitut and all other dialects. It is used by Inuit Tapiriit Kanatami , the Inuit Circumpolar Council , and the Government of Nunavut throughout Inuit Nunaat and Inuit Nunangat . Eastern dialects of Inuktitut have fifteen consonants and three vowels (which can be long or short). Consonants are arranged with six places of articulation : bilabial , labiodental , alveolar , palatal , velar and uvular ; and three manners of articulation : voiceless stops , voiced continuants and nasals , as well as two additional sounds—voiceless fricatives . Natsilingmiutut has an additional consonant /ɟ/ ,
4224-456: The Inuktitut language. As of 2012 , "Pirurvik, Iqaluit 's Inuktitut language training centre, has a new goal: to train instructors from Nunavut communities to teach Inuktitut in different ways and in their own dialects when they return home." Quebec is home to roughly 15,800 Inuit, nearly all of whom live in Nunavik . According to the 2021 census, 80.9% of Quebec Inuit speak Inuktitut. The Nunavik dialect ( Nunavimmiutitut , ᓄᓇᕕᒻᒥᐅᑎᑐᑦ )
4312-505: The NWT&Y Radio System as well as western CBC radio stations CBW Winnipeg, CBX Edmonton , and CBK in Saskatchewan . A rebroadcast would then be done eight days later over CBC's powerful Sackville Relay Station aimed at Labrador, northern Quebec, and the eastern Arctic. Production of the program took place in Winnipeg in the 1950s and early 1960s, then from Montreal beginning in 1965,
4400-555: The NWT&Y Radio System was to provide a means of communication among military personnel and commercial interests in far-flung corners of remote Northern Canada, the system came to be used for the transmission of general information and entertainment to the civilian population as well. Over the subsequent three decades, this ancillary role of the NWT&Y Radio System led to the development of low-power AM community radio stations at sites where NWT&Y radiotelegraph stations were located. Most of these radio stations were operated on
4488-418: The Northern Service. The new station had local programming in Inuktitut , English and French , as well as news and other programs from the CBC network. Television became a component of the Northern Service in 1967 when the CBC introduced the Frontier Coverage Package , a service in which the CBC Delay Centre in Calgary would record onto videotape four hours daily of CBC Television programming and send
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#17328553495574576-412: The Northwest Territories. Indigenous language productions on weekdays include Tide Godi (" great lake news") in Tlicho, Dehcho Dene in South Slavey, and Denesuline Yatia in Chipewyan. On Saturday afternoons, CFYK-FM produces Dene Yati , a summary of the week's news in multiple Indigenous languages. CHAK produces the English language midday program Northwind on weekdays, airing throughout
4664-449: The Northwest Territories. Indingeous language productions on weekdays include Nantaii ("country road") in Gwich'in, Legot'sedeh ("locality and land") in North Slavey, and Tusaavik ("listening place") in Inuvialuktun. On Sunday afternoons, CHAK produces the Gwich'in language call-in show Voice of the Gwich'in , broadcasting it in both the Northwest Territories and Yukon. The Nunavut service with its main station CFFB in Iqaluit
4752-540: The Polar Bear ) became the first work ever translated into Inuktitut Braille, and a copy is held at the headquarters of the Nunavut Public Library Services at Baker Lake . Although as many of the examples as possible are novel or extracted from Inuktitut texts, some of the examples in this article are drawn from Introductory Inuktitut and Inuktitut Linguistics for Technocrats . Radio Moscow Radio Moscow (Russian: Pадио Москва , romanized : Radio Moskva ), also known as Radio Moscow World Service ,
4840-409: The air in the late 1950s in English and French. In 1961, Radio Moscow for the first time began to transmit broadcasts in three African languages: Amharic , Swahili and Hausa . Over time, speakers of another eight African languages were able to listen to services from Radio Moscow. The first centralized news bulletin went on the air in August 1963 and reached out to listeners all over the world. In
4928-445: The airport: The western part of Nunavut and the Northwest Territories use a Latin alphabet usually called Inuinnaqtun or Qaliujaaqpait , reflecting the predispositions of the missionaries who reached this area in the late 19th century and early 20th. Moravian missionaries, with the purpose of introducing Inuit to Christianity and the Bible , contributed to the development of an Inuktitut alphabet in Greenland during
5016-399: The first ones to deliver formal education to Inuit in schools. The teachers used the Inuktitut language for instruction and developed writing systems. In 1928 the first residential school for Inuit opened, and English became the language of instruction. As the government's interests in the north increased, it started taking over the education of Inuit. After the end of World War II, English
5104-409: The first television station to partake in this service. With the advent of the Anik series of satellites in 1973, the CBC began transmitting its television programming on satellite. For Northern Canada, this meant the ability to view the full CBC Television schedule live with the rest of Canada for the first time. The Frontier Coverage Package was discontinued, and all remote northern communities with
5192-488: The late 1970s, the Northern Service's recording budget was increased, and artists were now flown in for professional recording sessions at the CBC's Montreal offices. Over 120 recordings were made in this period by artists including Morley Loon , William Tagoona, Willie Thrasher , and Alanis Obomsawin . In the mid-1980s, production was moved to Ottawa. The final sessions recorded by the service were in 1986. Some of these recordings were remastered by Kevin "Sipreano" Howes for
5280-453: The midday show Midday Café , and the afternoon show Airplay . On weekends, it produces the morning show The Weekender , which also airs in the Northwest Territories. All four programs are in English. Between 5:00 to 6:00PM on Saturday afternoons, CBC Radio One airs a local arts programming block. CFWH-FM broadcasts Rencontres , a production in French made by volunteers at the Association franco-yukonnaise in Whitehorse. This program
5368-409: The now-cancelled regional French programs Soirée boréale and Boréal hebdo . In the Northwest Territories, there are two main stations: CFYK-FM in Yellowknife, serving the southeast, and CHAK in Inuvik, serving the northwest. Programming produced in English at CFYK-FM includes the weekday morning show The Trailbreaker and the weekday afternoon show Trail's End , both of which air throughout
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#17328553495575456-447: The primary reasons cited for the necessity of such a service was that radio listeners in the North could often more readily hear broadcasts from Radio Moscow and the Voice of America than from Canadian sources. The CBC's proposal was presented to the Parliament of Canada and approved in June 1958. On November 10, 1958, the Northern Service came into being when the CBC formally took over the operations of CFWH in Whitehorse and made it
5544-484: The ratification of its agreement with the government of Canada and the province of Newfoundland and Labrador. The 2016 Canadian census reports that 70,540 individuals identify themselves as Inuit, of whom 37,570 self-reported Inuktitut as their mother tongue. The term Inuktitut is also the name of a macrolanguage and, in that context, also includes Inuvialuktun , and thus nearly all Inuit dialects of Canada. However, Statistics Canada lists all Inuit languages in
5632-451: The recordings to remote communities in Northern Canada for playback over local television facilities. The programming did not arrive at all facilities simultaneously, but was instead sent to one facility, which, after playback, would send it to another, and so on, until all facilities had gotten a chance to air it. This process meant that programming could be up to a month old by the time it aired. On May 14, 1967, CFYK-TV in Yellowknife became
5720-416: The region. The original Northern Messenger was produced by KDKA in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania , and broadcast from 1923 to 1940 on its "Far Northern Service" shortwave radio simulcaster, 8XS (later known as W8XK and WPIT). Its intended audiences were Royal Canadian Mounted Police officers and other southerners stationed in the Canadian Arctic , to keep them in touch with events in the outside world. KDKA
5808-449: The regions are not required to stop using their familiar writing systems. Implementation plans are to be established for each region. It includes letters such as ff , ch , and rh , the sounds for which exist in some dialects but do not have standard equivalents in syllabics. It establishes a standard alphabet but not spelling or grammar rules. Long vowels are written by doubling the vowel (e.g., aa , ii , uu ). The apostrophe represents
5896-822: The same consonant have related glyphs rather than unrelated ones. All of the characters needed for the Inuktitut syllabary are available in the Unicode block Unified Canadian Aboriginal Syllabics . The territorial government of Nunavut , Canada, has developed TrueType fonts called Pigiarniq ( ᐱᒋᐊᕐᓂᖅ [pi.ɡi.aʁ.ˈniq] ), Uqammaq ( ᐅᖃᒻᒪᖅ [u.qam.maq] ), and Euphemia ( ᐅᕓᒥᐊ [u.vai.mi.a] ) for computer displays. They were designed by Vancouver -based Tiro Typeworks. Apple Macintosh computers include an Inuktitut IME (Input Method Editor) as part of keyboard language options. Linux distributions provide locale and language support for Iñupiaq , Kalaallisut and Inuktitut. In 2012 Tamara Kearney, Manager of Braille Research and Development at
5984-414: The same regional and local programing heard on CFFB in Nunavut, with the exception of the Sunday Request Show . Additionally, on weekday mornings, they broadcast a portion of Daybreak Montreal , produced in English at CBME-FM in Montreal, as well as a portion of Quebec AM , produced in English at CBVE-FM in Quebec City . In Eeyou Istchee, CBMP-FM in Chisasibi and its rebroadcasters primarily follow
6072-447: The schedule of CBVE-FM in Quebec City, but substitute three hours of programming in English each weekday for programming in East Cree. This consists of Winschgaoug ("get up") in the morning and afternoon and Eyou Dipajimoon ("Cree stories") at midday. Both programs are produced by the CBC North Cree unit in Montreal. Before 2020, these programs aired in this region on CBFG-FM , an Ici Radio-Canada Première station that also aired
6160-536: The service in 1932 under the name Canadian Northern Messenger . Like its American cousin, it consisted of personal messages from friends and family around the world to RCMP officers, missionaries, trappers, doctors, nurses, and scientists as well as Cree and Inuit , and also ran from November to May. It was initially produced by CRCT in Toronto and carried on the CRBC's network of mediumwave and shortwave stations, including CRCX ( Bowmanville, Ontario ), CJRO/CJRX ( Winnipeg ), and VE9DN ( Drummondville, Quebec ). When
6248-438: The service took its present form, numerous additional relay transmitters would be added throughout its service area. In conjunction with the CBC taking over the stations, delivery of programming slowly began to be transitioned away from tape recordings and toward direct links to the CBC network via an expanding Canadian National Telegraph (CNT) system, which, in 1959—under the authority of the Department of Transport —had become
6336-524: The service's radio stations with studios produced very little of their own programming. Instead, regional programming targeting the North was largely produced in southern Canada, particularly Montreal. This gradually began to change in the 1970s following the Northern Broadcasting Plan of 1974, which outlined goals for the CBC to establish and grow local radio programming in Northern Canada, including programming in Indigenous languages . This goal
6424-513: The successor of the NWT&Y Radio System. Additionally, shortwave broadcasting started to be used in 1960 when the CBC's shortwave transmitter complex in Sackville, New Brunswick , began airing programming specifically intended for Northern Canada. The CBC constructed CFFB in Frobisher Bay, Northwest Territories (now Iqaluit, Nunavut ), and began operations on February 5, 1961, adding it to
6512-550: The territorial capital Iqaluit . This has in recent years made it a much more widely heard dialect, since a great deal of Inuktitut media originates in Iqaluit . Some linguists also distinguish an East Baffin dialect from either South Baffin or North Baffin dialect , which is an Inuvialuktun dialect. As of the early 2000s, Nunavut has gradually implemented early childhood, elementary, and secondary school-level immersion programs within its education system to further preserve and promote
6600-518: The weekly program Taqravut moved there. The 1980s also saw the creation of new Indigenous-led broadcasting organizations in Northern Canada, some of which were permitted to use CBC North to broadcast their programming. For example, until the launch of Television Northern Canada in 1992, the Inuit Broadcasting Corporation aired programming during allocated time slots within the CBC North television schedule. On radio, programming from
6688-554: The years of the Cold War , most news reports and commentaries focused on the relations between the United States and Soviet Union. In the 1970s, Radio Moscow's commentators broadcast in the "News and Views" program. The participants were Viktor Glazunov, Leonid Rassadin, Yuri Shalygin, Alexander Kushnir, Yuri Solton and Vladislav Chernukha. In the late 1970s, the English language service was renamed Radio Moscow World Service. The project
6776-533: Was jammed under the orders of Italy's fascist dictator Benito Mussolini during the late 1930s. During World War II, Radio Moscow operated an effective international service to Germany and occupied Europe. The United States was first targeted by Radio Moscow during the early 1950s, with transmitters in the Moscow region. Later Western North America was targeted by the newly constructed Vladivostok and Magadan relay stations. The first broadcasts to Africa went on
6864-538: Was " Wide Is My Motherland " (Russian: Широка страна моя родная , romanized : Shiroka strana moya rodnaya ). Moscow Nights was the station's signature tune since its relaunch as the Radio Moscow World Service in 1978. Radio Moscow's first foreign language broadcast was in German on 29 October 1929; English and French services soon followed. Previously, Radio Moscow broadcast in 1922 with
6952-461: Was carried via satellite for reception at local CBC production centres. By 1976, CFFB was utilizing this feed not only to obtain live CBC Radio programming, but also to distribute a separate satellite feed to eleven relay transmitters in Inuit Nunangat that combined the output from Toronto with CFFB's own local programming in Inuktitut and English. For the first fifteen years of CBC North, most of
7040-529: Was formed in 2005. In Nunavik, the James Bay and Northern Quebec Agreement recognizes Inuktitut in the education system. Nunavut's basic law lists four official languages: English, French, Inuktitut, and Inuinnaqtun . It is ambiguous in state policy to what degree Inuktitut and Inuinnaqtun can be thought of as separate languages. The words Inuktitut , or more correctly Inuktut ('Inuit language') are increasingly used to refer to both Inuinnaqtun and Inuktitut together, or "Inuit languages" in English. Nunavut
7128-631: Was further reiterated with the Government of Canada 's Northern Broadcasting Policy of 1983. To facilitate increased local radio productions, a radio production centre was opened at CBQR in Rankin Inlet in 1979 to serve the Keewatin Region of the Northwest Territories (now mostly the Kivalliq Region of Nunavut). A similar centre was opened in Kuujjuaq, Quebec , in 1985 to serve Nunavik. By 1988,
7216-620: Was immediately popular and quickly expanded to include CFYT in Dawson City, Yukon; CHFN in Fort Nelson, British Columbia ; and CHAK in Aklavik , Northwest Territories. Having to be shipped from Montreal , where they were recorded, the discs proved to be too fragile, so were replaced by tapes in April 1953, along with a promise that stations would receive six hours of CBC programming each day. By 1958,
7304-522: Was launched and supervised by a long-time Radio Moscow journalist and manager Alexander Evstafiev. Later, North American, African and British Isles services (all in English) operated for a few hours per day alongside the regular (24 Hour) English World Service. At one time in 1980, Radio Moscow had transmissions on the Medium Wave broadcast on 600 kHz (later 1040 kHz) from Havana, Cuba which reached
7392-600: Was now taught in Inuktitut, English, and French. Inuktitut became one of the official languages in the Northwest Territories in 1984. Its status is secured in the Northwest Territories Official Language Act . With the split of the territory into the NWT and Nunavut in 1999, both territories kept the Language Act. The autonomous area Nunatsiavut in Labrador made Inuktitut the government language when it
7480-581: Was once spoken across northern Labrador . It has a distinct writing system, developed in Greenland in the 1760s by German missionaries from the Moravian Church . This separate writing tradition, the remoteness of Nunatsiavut from other Inuit communities, has made it into a distinct dialect with a separate literary tradition. The Nunatsiavummiut call their language Inuttut ( ᐃᓄᑦᑐᑦ ). Although Nunatsiavut claims over 4,000 inhabitants of Inuit descent, only 550 reported Inuktitut to be their native language in
7568-596: Was owned and operated by Westinghouse Electric Corporation and the suggestion for Northern Messenger came from Canadian Westinghouse. The show was broadcast weekly from November to May, when normal mail delivery was unavailable. On the suggestion of a commander of a British naval expedition based in Nain, Labrador , who wished for his men to receive messages from family and friends, the Canadian Radio Broadcasting Commission (CRBC) began its own version of
7656-419: Was seen as the language of communication in all domains. Officials expressed concerns about the difficulty for Inuit to find employment if they were not able to communicate in English. Inuit were supposed to use English at school, work, and even on the playground. Inuit themselves viewed Inuktitut as the way to express their feelings and be linked to their identity, while English was a tool for making money. In
7744-447: Was the official international broadcasting station of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics until 1993, when it was reorganized into Voice of Russia , which was subsequently reorganized and renamed into Radio Sputnik in 2014. At its peak, Radio Moscow broadcast in over 70 languages using transmitters in the Soviet Union, Eastern Europe , and Cuba . Radio Moscow's interval signal
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