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43-542: California's 10th congressional district is a congressional district in the U.S. state of California . Currently, the 10th district encompasses parts of the eastern San Francisco Bay Area . It is currently represented by Democrat Mark DeSaulnier . The district previously included all of Stanislaus County and part of San Joaquin County . It was centered on Modesto . Cities in the district included Oakdale , Manteca , Modesto, Tracy , and Turlock . Redistricting before

86-582: A deviation of less than 1%. Many other nations assign independent bodies to oversee and mandate the delimitation of boundaries; however, in some nations the legislature manages this process. In the United States, legislatures play a commanding role in the redistricting (as delimitation is referred to in the United States) of congressional districts. The redrawing of boundaries occurs after the decennial census ; single-member constituencies are responsible for

129-457: A plurality with 49.28% of the vote over John McCain 's 48.81%. However, despite Obama's win, in the congressional election held on the same day the Republicans retained the seat. After redistricting, this district essentially became the 7th district, while a new 3rd was created with lines similar to what the old 3rd had in the 1990s. This version of the 3rd was considered a swing district, though

172-405: A principle of proportionality; however this is often difficult as proportions can be fractions whilst seats cannot be, and governments may be unable to quantify the precise number of actual voters. Delimitation or redistricting is the process of drawing congressional boundaries and can also refer to the demarcation of voting areas for the purpose of assigning voters to polling places. Delimiting

215-836: A regular basis. Before the 2018 primary election, they published a report dating May 21, 2018. As of the 2020 redistricting, California's 10th congressional district encompasses most of Contra Costa County, and part of Alameda County. Contra Costa County is split between this district, the 8th district , and the 9th district . The northern border is partitioned by Grizzly Peak Blvd, Seaview Trail, Camino Pablo, Bear Creek Rd, San Pablo Creek, Bear Creek, Brianes Reservoir, Burlington Northern Santa Fe, Highway 4, Alhambra Ave, Pacheco Blvd, Grandview Ave, Central Ave, Imhoff Dr, Bares Ave, Mount Diablo Creek, Union Pacific, Contra Costa Canal, 4WD Rd, Bailey Rd, James Donlon Blvd, Cambridge Dr, Reseda Way, S Royal links Cir, Carpinteria Dr, Barmouth Dr, Hillcrest Ave, Highway 4, and Highway 160. The western border

258-479: A single district. There has been no official delimitation process in the Philippines since the 1987 constitution's ratification. As per Article 6 of the constitution, the requisites for creation of a legislative district are as follows: Since 1987, 43 districts have been newly added due to the creation of new cities and provinces, sundering from existing provinces, and piecemeal redistricting. As incumbents control

301-532: A state. The boundaries and numbers shown for the congressional districts are established by their respective state's constitution or court orders in the apportionment and redistricting cycle. Apportionment in the United States involves dividing the 435 voting seats every ten years. As per Article One of the United States Constitution , elections to the House of Representatives are held every two years, and

344-415: Is a common process in nations with first-past-the-post systems , two-round systems , alternative vote , block vote , parallel and mixed-member proportional systems and single-member districts . Nations without these processes typically have proportional representation electoral systems, such as Chile, Honduras, Norway, Spain, and many others. The methodological framework that governs these processes

387-467: Is centered on Stockton, California and includes Tracy ), and California's 13th congressional district (which includes western Modesto and western Turlock ) . The 2022 10th district incumbent Josh Harder was reelected and moved to the new version of California's 9th congressional district . The district has been represented since Jan 3, 2023 by Mark DeSaulnier . The California Secretary of State publishes reports on California voter registration on

430-413: Is integral in administering fair and sovereign judicial systems for nations with delimitation processes. Manipulation of this framework often results in gerrymandering , the practice of drawing district boundaries to achieve political advantage for legislators. There are currently 243 congressional districts in the Philippines. Voting representatives are elected from these districts to the lower house of

473-469: Is partitioned by Old River, Italian Slough, Western Farms Ranch Rd, Rankin Rd, Highway J14, Byron Hot Springs Rd, Camino Diablo, Kellogg Creek, Sellers Ave, Brentwood Blvd, Alloro Dr, Ghiggeri Dr, Emilio Dr, Guthrie Ln, Balfour Rd, Chestnut St, Byron Highway, Orwood Rd, Burlington Northern Santa Fe, Werner Dredger Cut, and Rock Slough. The 10th district takes in the south sides of the cities of Antioch and Martinez ,

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516-485: Is split between this district and the 12th , 14th , and 17th districts. They are partitioned by Sinclair Freeway, Amador Valley Blvd, Emerald Ave, Tamarack Dr, Brighton Dr, Ione Way, Newcastle Ln, Dougherty Rd, Highway 580, Lembert Hills Dr. The 10th district takes in the eastern portion of the city of Dublin . Republican John D. Fredericks won the special election to replace fellow Republican Henry Z. Osborne , who died in office. Democrat Alfred J. Elliott won

559-402: Is split between this district and the 5th district . They are partitioned by Scott Creek, Perry Creek, Perry Creek Rd, Rocky Bar Rd, Grizzly Flat Rd, Happy Valley Rd, Canon Creek, E16 Highway, Pleasant Valley Rd, Cedar Ravine Rd, Woodland Dr, Weber Creek, Highway 50, Chili Bar Reservoir, South Fork American River, Marshall Rd, Hastings Creek, Highway 49, Pilot Creek, North Fork American River, and

602-408: Is the city/municipality which is equivalent to a city/town in the United States. Provinces are represented by governors and can be split into multiple congressional districts, each of which elects a congressman. Provincial governors allocate resources and control patronage in municipalities across all congressional districts in the province, thus have greater exposure and power than a representative from

645-485: The Congress of the Philippines every three years. In 1946 there were originally 98 congressional districts, this number increased to 200 after the 1987 constitution was created and new redistricting articles were mandated The Philippines constitution mandates a nationwide reapportionment of setting boundaries for legislative districts; however, the legislature has not approved a reapportionment bill since 1987. Following

688-498: The 10th district stretched from Livermore to Dixon and the outskirts of Vacaville . It consisted of portions of Alameda , Contra Costa , Sacramento , and Solano Counties. Following redistricting in 1992, the 10th district was based in the East Bay , and included parts of Alameda and Contra Costa counties. It received national attention in 1996 when Democrat Ellen Tauscher defeated incumbent Republican Bill Baker in what

731-402: The 10th included much of the core of the old 18th district ( Modesto , Ceres , and the southwestern half of Stanislaus County), though the 18th also included a substantial portion of Stockton . It also shares much of the northwestern portion of the old 19th district ( Turlock , Riverbank , Oakdale , and the rest of northeastern Stanislaus County). Republican Jeff Denham transferred from

774-687: The 2022 elections moved the district to the San Francisco Bay Area . It includes the cities of Concord , Walnut Creek , Danville , San Ramon , Brentwood , and southern Antioch in Contra Costa County , and eastern Dublin in Alameda County . It was essentially the successor of the old 11th district . Prior to redistricting by the California Citizens Redistricting Commission going into effect in 2012,

817-439: The 435 regions from which voting representatives are elected to the U.S. House of Representatives. After the decennial census population counts and apportionment of congressional seats, states are required to define and delineate their own congressional districts for the purpose of electing members to the House of Representatives. Each congressional district is expected to be equal in population to all other congressional districts in

860-595: The Constitution to ensure representation based on population. Conversely, state legislation declares that "legislative representation be (built upon) non-population related principles such as representation of counties, cities, or other geographical and political unit". Apportionment is the process by which seats in a congressional body are allocated amongst constituencies entitled to representation such that each district receives seats in proportion to its population. Apportionment aims to fairly represent all voters through

903-611: The Folsom Lake State Recreation Area. The 3rd district takes in the city of South Lake Tahoe and the census-designated places Auburn Lake Trails , Camino , Georgetown , Grizzly Flats , Meyers , and Pollock Pines . Sacramento County is split between this district and both the 6th district and 7th district . The 6th and 3rd districts are partitioned by Latrobe Rd, Scott Rd, Deer Creek, Carson Creek, Nimbus Rd, E3 Highway, Illinois Ave, Madison Ave, Kenneth Ave, Wachtel Way, and Old Auburn Rd. The 3rd district takes in

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946-637: The House size and number of congressional districts were fixed in 1941, the Huntington-Hill method became the official method of apportionment and was used in the 2020 apportionment and redistricting cycle. The current method solves many of the issues concerning previous methods, however it still violates the 'one person, one vote' rule established in Wesberry v. Sanders (1964) due to systematic bias which gives more representation and power to small states than to residents of large states. These methods have been

989-555: The bulk of its population lives in Democratic-leaning areas in the outer Bay Area and in the closer-in suburbs of Sacramento. [REDACTED] As of the 2020 redistricting, California's 3rd congressional district is located in the Sierra Nevada region. It encompasses Alpine , Inyo , Mono , Nevada , Placer , Plumas , and Sierra Counties, as well as parts of El Dorado , Sacramento , and Yuba Counties. El Dorado County

1032-565: The cities of Concord , Brentwood , Oakley , Pleasant Hill , Clayton , Walnut Creek , Lafayette , Orinda , and San Ramon , the towns of Danville and Moraga , and the census-designated places Norris Canyon , Camino Tassajara , Blackhawk , Diablo , Alamo , Castle Hill , Saranap , Acalanes Ridge , San Miguel , North Gate , Shell Ridge , Contra Costa Centre , Reliez Valley , Alhambra Valley , Mountain View , Vine Hill , Pacheco , Clyde , Knightsen , and Bethel Island . Alameda County

1075-417: The city of Livermore remained in the 10th at Tauscher's request (as a member of the U.S. House Committee on Energy and Commerce , she had some oversight responsibilities over the U.S. Department of Energy , and hence indirectly of Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory ). On June 26, 2009, Tauscher resigned her seat to be sworn in as Undersecretary of State for Arms Control and International Security . In

1118-466: The current 10th district. The 10th congressional district starting with the election of 2012 and lasting through the election of 2020 included all of Stanislaus County (including Ceres , Oakdale , Modesto , Riverbank , and Turlock ) and the southern portion of San Joaquin County (including Tracy and Manteca ). This went into effect in 2012, as the result of redistricting by the California Citizens Redistricting Commission . This version of

1161-499: The decision allowed voters to challenge redistricting plans. Since Shaw v. Reno (1993) and Abrams v. Johnson (1997), the courts have invalidated numerous congressional redistricting plans upon the basis of traditional districting principles. These decisions have been surrounded in controversy as the Supreme Court has not identified these 'traditional' criteria explicitly, resulting in the major political parties attempting to abuse

1204-413: The election of the legislators that govern this process. In 25 states the state legislature is responsible for creating the redistricting plan, but six states (Alaska, Delaware, North Dakota, South Dakota, Vermont and Wyoming) do not require redistricting for the House of Representatives and instead elect a single representative for the entire state. Each state has its own constitution and laws surrounding

1247-501: The ensuing special election held on November 3, 2009, former Democratic Lieutenant Governor John Garamendi won the seat over Republican David Harmer 53.0% to 42.7%. Immediately following redistricting, Garamendi successfully ran for re-election in California's 3rd congressional district , which shares many municipalities with the 2002 version of the 10th district (e.g. Vacaville and Fairfield ), but lies significantly northwest of

1290-456: The first decennial census was conducted in 1790 but was abandoned in 1840 as it favoured larger states such as Virginia, Thomas Jefferson 's home state and the most influential state at the time. Hamilton's method was used intermittently for the next half-century and was eventually replaced by Webster's as the Hamilton method resulted in population paradoxes when the House size increased. After

1333-448: The institutions that determine the rules for redistricting, many of the congressional districts are allegedly gerrymandered to ensure the elite persistence of select families that form the Philippines' political dynasties. This is illustrated by the Marcos family which remained in power from 1987 to 2008 in almost 50 congressional districts, despite term limits. Congressional districts are

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1376-456: The lack of legislation and definition to advantage their respective parties. According to the database of redistricting laws in all fifty states and previous court decisions, the de facto principles are: compactness, contiguity, equal population, and preserving county and city boundaries. California%27s 3rd congressional district California's 3rd congressional district is a U.S. congressional district in California . It includes

1419-551: The mountain towns of Quincy , South Lake Tahoe , Truckee , Mammoth Lakes , and Bishop . The district is represented by Republican Kevin Kiley . Prior to redistricting in 2020, the 3rd district encompassed most of the Sacramento Valley north and west of Sacramento . It covered all of Colusa , Sutter and Yuba counties, most of Glenn , Lake , Solano and Yolo counties and a portion of Sacramento County . The district

1462-529: The northern Sierra Nevada and northeastern suburbs of Sacramento , stretching south to Death Valley . It encompasses Alpine , Inyo , Mono , Nevada , Placer (where the majority of the district’s population lives), Plumas , and Sierra counties, as well as parts of El Dorado , Sacramento , and Yuba counties. It includes the Sacramento suburbs of Roseville (the district's largest city), Folsom , Orangevale , Rocklin , Auburn , and Lincoln , along with

1505-530: The numbers of delegates are apportioned amongst the states according to their relative populations. The Constitution itself makes no mention of districts. The U.S. Constitution does not specify how apportionment is to be conducted and multiple methods have been developed and utilized since the Article's inception such as the Jefferson, Hamilton and Webster methods. The Jefferson method was first utilized in 1792 after

1548-425: The prior 19th district to the newer 10th. He held it for three terms until being defeated in 2018 by Democrat Josh Harder , who won reelection in 2020 . The 10th district was redrawn in time for the 2022 election , being divided up between California's 5th congressional district (which now includes eastern portions of Modesto and eastern portions of Turlock ), California's 9th congressional district (which

1591-492: The redistricting process, and most of the modern criteria applied federally have come about through rulings by the U.S. Supreme Court. Prior to 1962, there was limited federal and state government regulation on redistricting, and these were rarely enforced. However, after the Baker v. Carr (1962) decision redistricting became justiciable and courts became an active participant in the redistricting process of congressional districts as

1634-457: The special election to replace fellow Democrat Henry E. Stubbs , who died in office. 37°36′N 121°00′W  /  37.6°N 121.0°W  / 37.6; -121.0 Congressional district Terminology for congressional districts vary by nations. The term "congressional district" is largely used in the United States and is distinctive from legislative districts. In the United States, congressional districts were inscribed into

1677-561: The subject of debate for over 200 years as losing or gaining a seat affects representation which is the source of political power. Congressional districts are subject to the Equal Protection Clause and it is expected that they apportion congressional districts closer to mathematical equality than state legislative districts. The U.S Supreme Court in Karcher v. Daggett (1983) rejected New Jersey's congressional redistricting plans due to

1720-755: The ‘one person, one vote’ doctrine, political territories are expected to be symmetric and have limited variance in the size of its constituencies. However, many new districts have been created that defy the basic requisites for redistricting as the constitution fails to clearly expound the due process for apportionment and redistricting. This has resulted in unequal representation in districts such as Calacoon City, and Batanes being represented by one legislator each, despite containing populations of 1.2 million and 17 000 people respectively. Philippine's 243 congressional districts are composed of territories within provinces, cities and municipalities. From an American perspective, provinces are equivalent to states, and below that

1763-424: Was considered an upset. In the 2002 redistricting of California, all seats were made safe for the parties of incumbent officeholders. The district boundaries were extended to include parts of Solano County , southwestern Sacramento County , eastern Contra Costa County and El Cerrito in western Contra Costa County. Although much of the suburban Tri-Valley region was shifted to the 11th congressional district ,

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1806-545: Was far less Republican than the neighboring 4th district . Although there was some movement in registration in favor of the Democrats, it still had a strong GOP flavor as most of the Sacramento area's Democratic voters lived in the neighboring 5th district . While George W. Bush carried the district in 2004 with 58.2% of the vote, the district swung rapidly in the Democratic column in 2008 with Barack Obama narrowly winning

1849-444: Was represented by John Garamendi , a Democrat . The 3rd district once extended up the Sacramento Valley from Sacramento to take in rural territory up to Tehama County . Once a Democratic bastion, the district was pushed into more rural and Republican-leaning territory after the 1990 census, and finally elected a Republican in 1998. The 2001 reapportionment made the district more compact and Republican than its predecessor, though it

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