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52-803: The Butikkiro is located in Kampala , in the Mengo neighborhood, opposite the Twekobe . The Kabaka of Buganda is not allowed to stay in his Twekobe if the Katikkiro of Buganda is not in the Butikkiro. After the Kabaka of Buganda hands over the Ddamula (the royal mace) to the newly appointed Katikkiro of Buganda, the Katikkiro pledges his allegiance to the Kabaka and promising to execute

104-422: A 1993 agreement between the two parties that was never enforced, where the government of Uganda had to pay 48 million Uganda shillings per year in annual rent . The 'Bataka' of Buganda (Buganda clan heads) that were led by Frank Kisaale Mbaziira advised the Kabaka to lease the old Butikkiro for 49 years to the government of Uganda after they had inspected the former Butikkiro claiming that it was not fit anymore to be

156-670: A Sunni Islamist group based in Somalia , carried out two nearly simultaneous bombings in Kampala , killing 74 people. After eleven years of relative calm, on 16 November 2021, the Allied Democratic Forces (ADF), an Islamist group based in eastern Congo with ties to the Islamic State , carried out two suicide bombings near the central police station and parliament, killing three people and injuring 36. The City of Kampala covers

208-498: A new and or different hill as they wished or desired. The first written description of this Kibuga (capital) was by the explorer Sir Richard Burton in his book, The Lake Region of East Africa , published in 1860. In the book, Burton, relying on the information collected by Snay Bin Amir, an Arab trader, described the Kibuga as: …the settlement is not less than a day's journey in length,

260-421: A total area of 189 km (73 square miles), comprising 176 km (68 square miles) of land and 13 km (5.0 square miles) of water. Kampala is a hilly place with its valleys filled with sluggish rivers/ swamps. The highest point in the city proper is the summit of Kololo hill at 1,311 metres (4,301 ft), located in the center of the city and the lowest point at the shores of Lake Victoria south of

312-590: Is administered by an eight-person board of directors, chaired by Justine Opio-Epelu. Other board members include Prof. Nelson Sewankambo , the immediate past Principal of Makerere University College of Health Sciences. Prof. Peter Mugyenyi , the internationally recognized HIV/AIDS researcher and pediatrician, who founded the institution, serves as the centre's executive director. The JCRC has plans to build an international research hospital worth US$ 120 million in collaboration with Tokushukai Medical Group of Japan. Commitment for 70 percent funding has been obtained from

364-536: Is between February and June that Kampala sees substantially heavier rainfall per month, with April typically seeing the heaviest amount of precipitation at an average of around 169 millimetres (6.7 in) of rain. Pre-primary education Pre-primary education is offered only by private entities which are located in the various neighbourhoods of Kampala and is lightly regulated by the Ministry of Education and Sports and starts from age of 6 weeks. Education in Kampala city

416-477: Is estimated at 6,709,900 people in 2019 by the Uganda Bureau of Statistics in an area of 8,451.9 km (3,263.3 square miles). Other estimates estimate put the size of the metropolitan area at around four million people. In 2015, this metropolitan area generated an estimated nominal GDP of $ 13.80221 billion (constant US dollars of 2011), which was more than half of Uganda's GDP for that year, indicating

468-830: Is provided by a vast number of public and private institutions offering a wide range of educational training that includes pre-primary, primary, secondary, vocational, technical undergraduate and post-graduate education. Primary and secondary education in Kampala Joint Clinical Research Centre The Joint Clinical Research Centre ( JCRC ) is a medical research institution in Uganda , specializing in HIV/AIDS treatment and management. The headquarters of JCRC are located on Lubowa Hill , at Plot 101 Entebbe Road , approximately 11 kilometres (7 mi), by road, southeast of Kampala ,

520-427: Is the capital and largest city of Uganda . The city proper has a population of 1,875,834 (2024) and is divided into the five political divisions of Kampala , Kawempe , Makindye , Nakawa , and Rubaga . Kampala's metropolitan area consists of the city proper and the neighboring Wakiso District , Mukono District , Mpigi District , Buikwe District and Luweero District . It has a rapidly growing population that

572-734: The Katikiro (Prime Minister) of Buganda, Stanislaus Mugwanya, the Mulamuzi (Chief Judge) of Buganda, and Zakaria Kisingiri, the Muwanika (Chief Treasurer) of Buganda, with Bishop Alfred Tucker ), signed the Buganda Agreement on behalf of Buganda with Sir Harry Johnston , who signed on behalf of the British government . This agreement with Sir Harry Johnston created new land tenures such as freehold, Crown land, and mailo , and divided up and allocated

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624-552: The African Development Bank (AfDB). In March 2018, the institution procured an apheresis machine , which enables healthcare personnel to extract only those selected blood components from a donor's or patient's blood, and return the non-selected components back into the bloodstream of the donor/patient. This technique is of particular significance and utility, when treating patients with sickle cell disease and HIV/AIDS. In July 2022, JCRC announced that later that year,

676-534: The East African Rift and on the northern limits of Tanzania Craton . Kampala has a humid subtropical climate ( Cfa ) under the Köppen-Geiger climate classification system . A facet of Kampala's weather is that it features two annual wetter seasons . While the city does not have a true dry season month, it experiences heavier precipitation from August to December and from February to June. However, it

728-504: The Kibuga area occupied by the Baganda and other natives. In 1931, the Uganda Railway line reached Kampala, connecting Kampala to Mombasa Port , thirty-five years after the commencement of its construction. In 1938, The East African Power & Lighting Company was granted a licence for thermal electric power generation and distribution for the towns of Kampala and Entebbe , and in

780-585: The Lukkiko officials had sold the old Butikkiro to the government. The claims were refuted by Godfrey Kaaya kavuma (the deputy Katikkiro then). In 2003, the traditional healers argued that the Butikkiro should not be changed until the Katikkiro occupied it and performed some traditional rituals otherwise Ronald Muwenda Mutebi, at the time Kabaka of Buganda, was not permitted to occupy the Twekobe Palace until those rituals were performed. The Baganda also urged that

832-557: The United Kingdom and were allocated Namirembe Hill . Two years later, in 1879, the Catholic White Fathers also arrived, first settling at the present-day village of Kitebi near Lubaga; subsequently, they would be allocated Lubaga Hill. The arrival of these two missionary groups laid the ground for the religious wars of 1888 to 1892 between their new converts and forced the missionaries from Great Britain to then lobby for

884-527: The 1930 plan to an area of 28 km (11 square miles) incorporating areas like Kololo Hill, and the Industrial Area. However, like the first two planning schemes, the 1951 plan failed to achieve many of its stated objectives. On 9 October 1962, Uganda gained independence; subsequently the capital city was transferred from Entebbe to Kampala and in the same year, Kampala was granted city status . In 1968, six years after Uganda attained independence,

936-761: The 1972 plan, was also never implemented. In 2010, the Kampala Capital City Authority Act was enacted, giving the Ugandan Government more control of the administration of Kampala. The act also created the Kampala Metropolitan Physical Planning Authority with the stated aims of improving the infrastructure of the City of Kampala and the surrounding districts of Wakiso , Mukono , Buikwe , Mpigi and Luwero . On 11 July 2010, suicide bombers affiliated with al-Shabaab ,

988-633: The British government to take over Buganda/Uganda as a protectorate. In 1890, Frederick Lugard , an agent of the Imperial British East Africa Company , arrived in Buganda during the reign of Kabaka Mwanga II , with whom he signed a treaty of protection by the British government over Buganda, and the Kibuga (capital) was located at Mengo Hill. Captain Lugard would, later on, be allocated

1040-592: The Busulu and Envujo law of 1928. In 1906, the Crown lands consisting of Old Kampala, Nakasero hills etc. and covering 567 hectares (5.67 km ; 1,400 acres) was consolidated and gazetted as Kampala Township. In 1912, Kampala Township received its first land-use plan and had a European and Asian population of 2,850. In 1922, Kampala's oldest university, Makerere , was founded as the Uganda Technical College at

1092-476: The Impala". The Baganda, in whose territory this British settlement was located, then translated "Hill of the Impala" as Akasozi ke'Empala. This was then shortened to K'empala and finally Kampala. Kasozi means "hill", ke "of", and empala the plural of "impala". Hence the name "Kampala" came to refer to this initial British colonial settlement that would later on spread out from the occupied Old Kampala hill near

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1144-508: The Kampala hill that would soon be known as Old Kampala , and on which he built a fort. In 1895, Mengo Senior School , the first school offering Western education in Kampala, was opened by the Church Missionary Society at Namirembe hill , where mostly the children of chiefs and pages of the royal palaces were students. In 1897, Mwanga launched a rebellion but was defeated and was subsequently captured and exiled , in 1899, to

1196-607: The Katikkiro Joseph Ssemwogerere to draft a 49 year lease agreement for leasing the Butikkiro in an official letter that was delivered by Mr. William Matovu ( Kabaka Mutebi's principal private secretary.) A committee composed of both the Buganda officials and the Government of Uganda officials was created to finalise on the plans for the construction of the new Butikkiro. The Buganda team was also responsible for determining

1248-772: The Protestant Church Missionary Society got Namirembe Hill, the Muslims under Prince Nuhu Mbogo's leadership received Kibuli Hill, the British Catholic Mill Hill Missionaries received most of Nsambya Hill. The Uganda Protectorate government obtained land classified as Crown lands in the area such as Old Kampala Hill, Nakasero Hill, etc. To legalise the above changes, the following laws and ordinances were subsequently passed: The Crown lands Ordinance of 1903, The Land Law of 1908, The Registration of Land Titles ordinance of 1922, and

1300-508: The Seychelles alongside Omukama Kabalega , and his 3-year-old son was made Kabaka by the combined forces of the European officers leading Nubian and Baganda colonial soldiers . This state of affairs later culminated in the signing of the Buganda Agreement (1900) that formalised British colonial rule in Buganda. Also in 1897, Kampala's first Western-style health facility, Mengo Hospital ,

1352-445: The boundaries of Kampala were expanded incorporating the Kibuga (then known as Mengo Municipality), Kawempe and Nakawa Townships, and areas including Muyenga and Ggaba. This increased the administrative area of Kampala from 28 km (11 square miles) to the current 189 km (73 square miles). In 1972, the fourth physical plan for Kampala was made covering the newly incorporated areas of Kampala's boundary extensions of 1968, but

1404-431: The buildings are of cane and rattan. The sultan's (Kabaka) palace is at least a mile long and the circular huts neatly arranged in a line are surrounded by a strong fence which has only four gates. In 1862, when explorer John Speke arrived in Buganda, the Kibuga (capital) was at Bandabarogo, present-day Banda Hill , and the reigning Kabaka (King) was Mutesa I . In 1875, explorer Henry Morton Stanley reported

1456-586: The capital I found the vast collection of huts crowning the eminence were the Royal Quarters, around which ran several palisades and circular courts, between which and the city was a circular road, ranging from 100 ft [30 meters] to 200 ft [60 meters] in width with gardens and huts... In 1877, the first missionaries from the Church Mission Society , who were of the Protestant faith, arrived from

1508-650: The capital and largest city of Uganda. The geographical coordinates of the institution's headquarters are:0°13'51.0"N, 32°34'00.0"E (Latitude:0.230833; Longitude:32.566667). Founded in 1990, JCRC is a collaborative effort by three Ugandan ministries to address the challenges posed by HIV/AIDS and related infections: (a) the Ministry of Health , (b) the Ministry of Education and (c) the Ministry of Defence . The institution works in close collaboration with Makerere University College of Health Sciences (MUCHS). JCRC focuses on HIV/AIDS research in all age groups, clinical trials of ARVs, nutritional and social interventions and

1560-528: The capital as being at present-day Lubaga Hill, where he met the same Kabaka , Mutesa I. During this visit, Stanley wrote a letter that was published in The Daily Telegraph , inviting missionaries to come to Buganda. He also described the Kibuga in his 1870s dispatches to The New York Herald , thus: As we approached the capital, the highway from Usavara [Busabala] increased in width from 20 ft [6 meters] to 150 ft [45 meters]...Arrived at

1612-469: The city center at altitude of 1,135 metres (3,724 ft). Kampala was originally built on seven hills , but it has expanded to cover more than the original seven hills. The original seven hills are: Due to Kampala's hilly nature and tropical climate, the valleys have slow rivers/swamps that tend to flow southwards towards Lake Victoria or northwards. These seasonal and or permanent swamps cover 15% of Kampala's land area. They include: Kampala, due to

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1664-401: The concomitant treatment of tuberculosis . The institution also carries out malaria research. The majority of the institution's research projects are in collaboration with national, regional and international organisations, including funding agencies, international health research institutions, international NGOs and universities, as well as corporate philanthropists. The research centre

1716-467: The diversity of habitats that include wetlands and hills, was previously covered with short grasses on the tops of the hills, elephant grass ( Pennisetum purpureum Schumach.), Cyperus papyrus , African water lily etc. in the swamps and evergreen forests with trees such as African olive (mpafu) and Natal fig (mutuba) . Kampala is located on the East African Plateau between the two arms of

1768-408: The duties assigned to him by the Kabaka. The Katikiiro has to hold that Ddamula until he reaches the Butikkiro while being protected by members of his clan so that no one from another clan grabs it from before him reaches the Butikkiro. When the Katikkiro reaches the Butikkiro, he has to thank his clan members by organising a feast for them. In 1966, the Butikkiro was among the property of Buganda that

1820-562: The government of Uganda and Buganda was made. In 2002, the government of Uganda agreed to build a new Butikkiro since the old building located near the Twekobe was now housing the Uganda Joint Clinical Research Center (UJCRC) since August 1993. The Lukiiko then held a debate in 2003 to discuss whether Buganda would lease or sell the Butikkiro to the government of Uganda as it had not paid any fees to Buganda, contrary to

1872-642: The government of Uganda to use the funds being allocated to paying arrears to construct structures for the UJCRC in the land that the Kabaka offered which was located next to the Lubaga Social Centre, while others urged that the Ugandan government should build a new Butikkiro instead of paying money to Buganda. Kampala Kampala / k ɑː m ˌ p ɑː l ɑː -/ ( UK : / k æ m ˈ p ɑː l ə / , US : / k ɑː m ˈ -/ )

1924-490: The importance of Kampala to Uganda's economy. Kampala is reported to be among the fastest-growing cities in Africa, with an annual population growth rate of 4.03 percent, by City Mayors. Mercer (a New York –based consulting firm) has regularly ranked Kampala as East Africa's best city to live in, ahead of Nairobi and Kigali . Kampala originally referred to only the present-day Old Kampala hill, on whose summit Fort Lugard

1976-452: The institution would start offering bone marrow transplant services. Before that, many Ugandans who needed the treatment had to travel to India , where the it could be obtained least expensively. That same month, JCRC announced that a working collaboration had been established between (a) Makerere University (b) Mbarara University (c) JCRC (d) the University of Western Ontario and (e)

2028-466: The land in such a way that would come to define the development of Kampala. The land in Buganda 's Kibuga (capital), including Mengo Hill and Makerere Hill, was allocated to the young Kabaka , the Baganda colonial collaborators, etc., under mailo and freehold. The religious missions were also formally allocated land they were previously occupying. Thus, the Catholic White Fathers got Lubaga Hill,

2080-466: The late Godfrey Kaaya Kavuma (the deputy Katikkiro and also the Buganda Minister for Lands and Property), J.B Walusimbi (Buganda Finance Minister who later became Katikkiro of Buganda), J.W Katende (attorney general), and Apollo Makubuya (Treasury minister). In July 2003, Oweekitiibwa Joseph Mulwanyammuli Ssemwogere, the Katikkiro of Buganda, presented the architectural plan for the new Butikkiro that

2132-499: The pre-existing Kibuga (capital) of the Buganda Kingdom. This area of numerous hills and swamps that later become known as Kampala was part of the core of the highly centralised Buganda Kingdom . It was also the site of the shifting Kibuga (capital) of the different Bassekabaka (kings) of the Buganda Kingdom, with each Kabaka (king) upon coronation, or subsequently during their reign, setting up their Kibuga (capital) on

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2184-516: The present Makerere Hill and initially offered carpentry, building construction, mechanics, arts, education, agriculture, and medicine. In 1930, the first sewerage plan was prepared to target a population of 20,000 people in the Nakasero and Old Kampala areas of the Kampala township. This plan guided sewerage development from 1936 to 1940 in planned urban areas of the Kampala Township and excluded

2236-511: The rent arrears that the government of Uganda owed Buganda since it occupied the Butikkiro in 1993. The government of Uganda had earlier offered 200 million Uganda shillings for the arrears of rent since occupying the former Butikkiro. The Ugandan government team consisted of Gilbert Bukenya (team lead) who was later replaced by Teckler Kinalwa , the permanent secretary in the Uganda President's Office. The Buganda officials team consisted of

2288-450: The residence of the Katikkiro and that it would require a lot of money to renovate it back into a residence for the Katikkiro. Kabaka Mutebi agreed with the decision as all the Buganda cultural rituals that were performed on the old Butikkiro were also transferable to the new Butikkiro and the UJCRC had a lot of equipment installed in it that could not easily be transferred. After this advice, Kabaka Muwenda Mutebi II of Buganda directed

2340-536: The same year Sir Philip Mitchel , the Governor of Uganda , switched on Kampala and Uganda's first electric street lights . In 1945, Ernst May , a German architect, was commissioned by the Uganda Protectorate Government to design a new physical plan for Kampala. Ernst May's plan of 1947 was intended to extend Kampala eastwards covering Kololo Hill and Naguru Hill, and with the commercial centre on

2392-439: The southern slopes of Nakasero Hill, an industrial zone in the southeast of Kampala, and, for the first time, a planned residential zone for the Ugandan natives. The plan was never fully implemented, and in 1951 the third physical plan by Henry Kendall was instead adopted, though it incorporated some elements of Ernst May's 1947 plan. Henry Kendall's 1951 plan expanded Kampala from the 5.67 km (2.19 square miles) area of

2444-647: The subsequent political and economic turmoil of the 1970s and 1980s meant the plan was never implemented. The Battle of Kampala during the Ugandan Bush War occurred in January 1986. It resulted in the capture of the city by the National Resistance Movement , led by Yoweri Museveni and the subsequent surrender of the Ugandan government . Similarly, the fifth physical plan for Kampala, made in 1994, like

2496-611: The supreme court starting from 1 August 1993 to 2005. The arrears were paid via a cheque that was given to I Kabanda (the chairman of the Buganda Land Lease committee). The Kabaka used 200 million of the 450 million to clear six months of arrears of over 100 Buganda departmental workers. The Uganda Joint Clinical Research Center was later moved to a new location on Lubowa Hill , at Plot 101 Entebbe Road in Uganda. In 2002, Abazukulu ba Buganda (a group of Baganda activists) claimed that

2548-487: Was located, and the initial headquarters of the British colonial authorities in the soon to be Uganda Protectorate . Before the British construction of Fort Lugard, the hill was a hunting reserve of the Kabaka (King) of Buganda and had several species of antelope, especially the impala . As a result, when the British colonial officials were allocated this hill by the then Kabaka of Buganda, they referred to it as "The Hill of

2600-519: Was opened on Namirembe hill by British doctor and missionary Sir Albert Ruskin Cook . In addition, Sir Albert Ruskin Cook would in 1913 found Mulago Hospital , the current National Referral Hospital, at Mulago hill. In 1899, the Missionary Sisters of Our Lady of Africa founded Lubaga Hospital on Lubaga Hill. In 1900, the regents of the infant Kabaka Daudi Cwa II (who were Apolo Kagwa ,

2652-455: Was seized by the government that was led by Milton Obote when monarchy was abolished in Uganda. In 1997, the government led by Yoweri Museveni , returned the property which were seized by the government during Obote's mandate, including the Butikkiro. Buganda agreed to let the government of Uganda to remain tenants of the Butikkiro since it had been developed into a centre for research on HIV/AIDS in Uganda. No formal tenancy agreement between

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2704-404: Was to be constructed. The plan was received by Gilbert Bukenya . In 2005, a new site of about 6 acres of land for construction of the new Butikkiro was mentioned by the Buganda minister Zimbe and it was Plot 749 on Ring road, opposite Mengo Palace. In 2005, the government of Uganda paid 450 million of arrears that had accumulated as a result of occupying the Butikkiro, Makindye army barracks and

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