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40-567: Buruciye Medrese is at Kent Meydanı ("City Square") in the Eskikale neighborhood of Merkez ("Central") district in Sivas . The main entrance is from the west. Taken into account that there are two big medreses, Çifte Minareli Medrese and Şifaiye Medrese , in the vicinity, it is assumed that the location of the Buruci Medrese was a cultural center of Sivas. The medrese was built in 1271 ( AH 670) during

80-414: A flaky pastry-bread which can be consumed on its own. One distinct feature of Sivas cooking is the use of madimak , which is a local herb used similarly to spinach. Sivas kebabı is a variety of kebab originating from Sivas. Sivas is twinned with: Directorate General of Foundations (Turkey) The Directorate General of Foundations ( Turkish : Vakıflar Genel Müdürlüğü ), founded 3 March 1924,

120-497: A harder stance against religious fanaticism, militant Islam, and antisecularism. In late 2006, there was a campaign by the Pir Sultan Abdal Cultural Institute to convert the former hotel into a museum to commemorate the tragedy, now known as the Sivas massacre . In the mid 19th century, Sivas had 17,000 inhabitants, with a majority of Muslim Turks. In 1914, Sivas had 45,000 inhabitants: a third were Armenians,

160-672: Is a Turkish governmental institution that manages and audits waqfs (Turkish: vakıf ) (an inalienable charitable endowments under Islamic law ) dating back to the Ottoman Empire and that still exist today. The establishment of the Vakıflar was part of Atatürk's Reforms . It was established under the authority of Prime Minister of Turkey , İsmet İnönü on 3 March 1924, alongside the Directorate of Religious Affairs (Turkish: Diyanet İşleri Başkanlığı ). These two departments replaced

200-411: Is also home to many of the city's high end hotels and restaurants. The city's shoppers usually head to Atatürk Avenue. Sivas is also famous for its thermal springs which have a respectable percentage in the city's income. People believe that the water of these thermal springs can cure many illnesses. The most famous thermal areas are, Sıcak Çermik , Soğuk Çermik and Kangal Balıklı Kaplıca . Football

240-403: Is assumed that the columns were gathered for reuse because some of the column capitals are of Corinthian order , some of them bear Byzantine monograms . There are no porches at the main gate's courtyard side iwan and at the iwan across from the main gate. There are eight cells facing the courtyard. The cells have a door opening to the courtyard, but no windows. The ceiling of the cells behind

280-419: Is decorated with geometric figures. The domed room behind the window at right of the main gate conyains a mihrab , and it is assumed that the room was used as a masjid . The room behind the left window in the facade is reserved for the tomb, which contains the sarcophagi of the endower and his children. The entire walls of the tomb were initially covered with rich hexagonal tiles in blue and black. The tiles on

320-562: Is designed in the form of old Turkic medreses in Central Asia . It has a near-quadrat plan. Its architecture has the most regular symmetry among the medreses in Anatolia . It is constructed in a ground floor and aa mezzanine, with four iwans around an open courtyard. The main facade wall is built in ashlar . The side walls are of partly ashlar and rubble masonry , while the backside wall is also of rubble masonry. Also bricks gathered are used in

360-514: Is owned by the Directorate General of Foundations . In 2015, it was allocated to the Mufti of Sivas. It is used for diverse religious educational and cultural activities, such as Quran , Arabic , Ottoman Turkish , Tafsir , Hadith , Islamic calligraphy , paper marbling , illuminated manuscript and blowing the ney . The facility hosts also two reading rooms, and a handicraft arts center. In

400-518: Is the most popular sport: in the older districts above the city centre children often kick balls around in the evenings in the smallest streets. The city's football club is Sivasspor , which plays its games at the New Sivas 4 Eylül Stadium . The club currently plays in Süper Lig . Specialties of Sivas are tarhana (a soup made using sour yogurt), kelecos (a sour potato soup made with yoghurt) and katmer ,

440-696: Is to the Sivas Congress, one of the pivotal moments in the Turkish national movement. Other museums include the Sivas Congress and Ethnography Museum and the Sivas Archaeology Museum . The Madımak Science and Culture Centre is housed in the former Madımak Hotel. The modern heart of the city is Hükümet Square (Hükümet Meydanı, also called Konak Meydanı) located just next to the Governor's mansion. This area

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480-704: The Buruciye Medrese , the Çifte Minare Medresesi , and the Gök Medrese ("Blue Madrasa"; depicted on the obverse of the Turkish 500 lira banknote of 1927–1939 ). All three have elaborate entrance portals. The city also contains some fine examples of the Ottoman architectural style. The most prominent example of Ottoman architecture in the city is the Kale Camii ("Citadel Mosque"), built in 1580 by Mehmet Pasha, an Ottoman vizier. Kurşunlu Hamamı ("Leaden Bath") which

520-635: The Koine Greek name Sebasteia (Σεβάστεια), meaning that it was named in honour of an emperor using the title Sebastos , the Greek equivalent of Augustus . In Armenian it is Sebastia ( Սեբաստիա ). In Kurdish it is called Sêwas. Little is known of Sivas' history prior to its emergence in the Roman period. In 64 BC, as part of his reorganization of Asia Minor after the Third Mithridatic War , Pompey

560-612: The Latins also had one church and a metropolitan of Sebastea, as did the Greek Orthodox Church . Two Protestant churches and eight, mostly German - and American -staffed, schools. During the genocide against Armenians as well as during the genocide against Greek Christians from July 5, 1915 onward, the Christian community of Sivas was exterminated during deportations and mass executions. The Sivas Congress ( Heyet-i Temsiliye )

600-834: The Ottoman era ministry with the responsibility of governing Islamic affairs, the Ministry of Sharia and the Foundations ( Şerriye ve Evkaf Vekaleti ). This ministry had survived the Turkish War of Independence into the Republican era and the 1st government of Turkey . Aside from its stated responsibilities, a secondary aim was to enable the confiscation by the state of properties belonging to traditionally non-Muslim minorities (such as Jews , Greeks , and Armenians ) by transferring such properties into foundations so that they could be placed under

640-531: The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). Sivas Sivas is a city in central Turkey. It is the seat of Sivas Province and Sivas District . Its population is 365,274 (2022). The city, which lies at an elevation of 1,278 metres (4,193 ft) in the broad valley of the Kızılırmak river, is a moderately-sized trade centre and industrial city, although

680-453: The 1920s, in the Republican era, the medreses' function was abolished in Turkey. The Buruciye Medrese remained vacant for many years, and ruined partly, including the completely destruction of its mezzanine. In the beginning, the Ministry of National Education was responsible for the maintenance and restoration of the medreses. After the transfer of this duty to the Ministry of Culture in 1957,

720-458: The 1990s, there were 50 Armenians. Sivas has a humid continental climate ( Köppen : Dsb, Trewartha : Dcbo ), with warm, dry summers and cold, snowy winters. The driest months are July and August and the wettest are April and May. Historically, Sivas was known for producing cereal . A cultural hub as well as an industrial one, Sivas contains many examples of 12th and 13th-century Seljuk architecture . The Great Mosque ( Ulu Cami ) of Sivas

760-554: The Great founded a city on the site called "Megalopolis". Numismatic evidence suggests that Megalopolis changed its name in the last years of the 1st century BC to "Sebaste", the feminine form of Sebastos , the Greek equivalent of Augustus . The name "Sivas" is the Turkish version deriving from the name Sebasteia, as the city was known during the late Roman (Byzantine) empire . Sebasteia became

800-666: The administration of the Vakıflar. However, starting in the 1950s and 1960s, the VGM would frequently seize and dispose of real-estate assets belonging to religious minorities on the basis of dubious court decisions. A notable example of this was the confiscation of the Tuzla Armenian Children's Camp in 1984. The directorate manages the estates and restorations of around 18,500 historical buildings and 67,000 estates. The directorate employs about 38,000 people. It also handles charity organisations, such as food or monetary support, based on

840-429: The building. The building's walls are 115–150 cm (45–59 in) thick depending on their position. The main iwan, which resembles a lacework with the patterns of its muqarnas , has the dimensions 6.50 m × 7.80 m (21.3 ft × 25.6 ft). The outflow crown gate is flanked by two muqarnas windows and two grooved towers in the corners. The portal's iwan is surrounded by inscriptions. Its mquarnas

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880-503: The capital of Armenia Secunda and refortified it. The city was sacked by the troops of Muhammad ibn Marwan in 692 and became first a kleisoura and in 911 a theme . Under Nikephoros II Phokas , many Armenians settled in the region. In the early 1020s, Basil II delivered the region around Sebasteia in exchange for Vaspurakan to King Seneqerim Ardzruni , who settled in Sebasteia with thousands of his Armenian followers. Sebasteia

920-632: The capital of the province of Armenia Minor under the emperor Diocletian , was a town of some importance in the early history of the Christian Church; in the 4th century it was the home of Saint Blaise and Saint Peter of Sebaste , bishops of the town, and of Eustathius , one of the early founders of monasticism in Asia Minor. It was also the place of martyrdom of the Forty Martyrs of Sebaste , also 4th century. In 536, Justinian I made it

960-594: The charters of the managed foundations. Currently, actions of 4,500 foundations are audited by the directorate. As of March 2017 the Directorate General of Foundations has a 58.5% share stake in VakıfBank In May 2017, reports emerged that the Turkish government was considering a draft law to transfer that 58.5 percent stake, worth around $ 2.5 billion, to Vakıf Katılım Bankası because it is sharia-compliant . This article about an organisation in Turkey

1000-733: The city in 1400, after which it was recaptured by the Ottomans in 1408. Under the Ottomans, Sivas served as the administrative center of the Eyalet of Rum until about the late 19th century. The Armenian Apostolic Church maintained six Armenian churches in Sivas, being the Meryemana, Surp Sarkis, Surp Minas, Surp Prgitsh, Surp Hagop, and Surp Kevork; four monasteries, Surp Nschan , Surp Hreshdagabed, Surp Anabad, and Surp Hntragadar; an Armenian Apostolic orphanage, and several schools. The Armenian Catholic Church and

1040-419: The development of railways, the city gained new economic importance as junction of important rail lines linking the cities of Ankara , Kayseri , Samsun , and Erzurum . The city is linked by air to Istanbul and İzmir . The popular name Sebastian derives from Sebastianòs , Σεβαστιανός, meaning someone from the city. The name of the city is a truncated form of its Byzantine Greek name Sivasteia from

1080-613: The domain of the Turkmen Danishmend dynasty (1071–1174) after the Battle of Manzikert in 1071. After the death of Danişmend Gazi, Sivas passed to Nizamettin Yağıbasan who won it after a struggle with Danişmend Gazi's successors. In 1174, the city was captured by Seljuk ruler Kilij Arslan II and periodically served as capital of the Seljuk empire along with Konya . Under Seljuk rule, Sivas

1120-450: The economy has traditionally been based on agriculture . Rail repair shops and a thriving manufacturing industry of rugs, bricks, cement, and cotton and woolen textiles form the mainstays of the city's economy. The surrounding region is a cereal-producing area with large deposits of iron ore which are worked at Divriği . Sivas is also a communications hub for the north–south and east–west trade routes to Iraq and Iran, respectively. With

1160-539: The narrow porch is in the form of barrel vault . The cells next to the portal feature staircase leading to the roof. Each of the staircases situated at both sides of the main gate's iwan lead to the separate mezzarine rooms with windows. Buruciye Medrese is considered "one of the best examples of the Seljuk architecture in Anatolia having the most harmonious and completeness with its architectural elements and ornaments. " After

1200-481: The reign of Seljuk sultan Gıyaseddin Keyhüsrev III (r. 1265–1284) for education in the fields of physics, chemistry and astronomy by Muzaffer Burucerdi, who originated from Borujerd close to Hamadan in western Iran. The tomb of the endower, who is named as "Muzaffer bin İbâdullah el-Mufaddal el-Burûcirdî", is situated in a section of the medrese . The architect of the medrese building is not known. The building

1240-459: The rest Turks and 1,500 Greeks. In July 1915, Armenian families were deported as part of the Armenian genocide . Greeks were removed as part of the 1923 population exchange between Greece and Turkey . In 1925, there were 3,000 Armenians left around Sivas. By 1929, Armenians numbered 1,200. In 1939 the total population was 35,000, including 2000 Armenians. In the 1970s, there were 300 Armenians. In

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1280-459: The restoration of the Bucuriye Medrese, which began already in 1956, continued between 1960 and 1968. It was completely restored, and the mezzanine was reconstructed. In 2005, repair works carried out including floor reinforcement and drainage system improvement, electrical installation, covering of the domes with lead sheets, stone flooring and repair of demolished rubble masonry. The medrese

1320-410: The tomb, Qur'an reading is performed daily by a different religious official, and the sound is transmitted to the entire medrese audible by visitors. Religious guidance and counseling service is provided during working hours on weekdays. Visitors can receive a cup of tea free of charge. The Buruciye Medrese was nominated as a World Heritage Site on 15 April 2014. It is placed on the tentative list of

1360-432: The walls survived partly today. The endower's full name is written in an inscription belt running around at the top of the tomb room walls, just below the lines of tile-covered muqarnases. There are porches of about 1.10 m (3 ft 7 in) width on two sides of the courtyard. The pointed arches of the porches are carried by 270 cm (110 in) high round columns of nearly 45 cm (18 in) diameter. It

1400-575: Was an important center of trade along the Silk Road and site of a citadel, along with mosques and madrasas (Islamic educational institutions), four of which survive today and one of which houses the Sivas Museum. Then it passed to the Ilkhanids , Eretna and Kadı Burhanettin . The city was acquired by Ottoman Sultan Bayezid I (1389–1402). In 1398, Tamerlane swept into the area and his forces destroyed

1440-434: Was completed in 1576, is the largest historic bathhouse in the city and it contains many details from the classical Ottoman bath building. Behrampaşa Hanı (a caravanserai ), was completed in 1573 and it is famous for the lion motifs around its windows. Atatürk Congress and Ethnography Museum ( Atatürk Kongre ve Etnografya Müzesi ) is a museum with two sections. One is a dedicated to the Ottoman heritage of Sivas. The other

1480-463: Was depicted on the reverse of the Turkish 500 lira banknote of 1927–1939. On 2 July 1993, 37 participants in an Alevi cultural and literary festival were killed when a mob of demonstrators set fire to the Madımak hotel in Sivas during a violent protest by some 15,000 members of various radical Islamist groups against the presence of Aziz Nesin . The deaths resulted in the Turkish government taking

1520-509: Was first built in 1197. The Sifaiye Medresesi was completed in 1217–1218 and served as a darüşşifa (hospital and medical school). It has a four-iwan layout typical of Seljuk madrasas and is fronted by an elaborately-carved entrance portal. It also contains the tomb of its founder, the Seljuk sultan Izz al-Din Kayka'us I (d. 1220). In 1271–1272, when the city was under Ilkhanid influence, three different madrasas were built by competing patrons:

1560-527: Was held in this city 4–11 September 1919. With the arrival of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk (1881–1938), the founder of the Turkish Republic, from Amasya , the Congress of Sivas is considered a turning point in the formation of the Turkish Republic. It was at this congress that Atatürk's position as chair of the executive committee of the national resistance was confirmed ( see Turkish War of Independence ). Sivas

1600-460: Was the first important city to be plundered by Turkish tribes in 1059. In August of that year the troops of various emirs gathered before the unwalled city. Initially they hesitated to sack it, mistaking the domes of the city's several Christian churches for tents of military camps. As soon as they realized that the city was defenceless they burned it for eight days, slaughtered a large part of its population and took many prisoners. The city came under

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