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33-557: The Squamish name for the Burrard Peninsula as a whole — or rather, for the long rise of land from Point Grey to Central Park , was Ulksen or Ulxen. The name Burrard Peninsula is rarely used in casual reference to the area among locals in favour of a specific community or neighbourhood therein. There is no clear consensus on where the peninsula ends, as the Burrard Peninsula does not appear in official government gazetteers (directories of geographical features) and does not exist as

66-468: A legal entity , thus having no legal definition. The peninsula is however attached to the mainland at its northeastern end, and as a matter of convenience, the isthmus may be taken to follow the main line of the Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR) across the relatively narrow, low neck of land from Port Moody at the eastern end of Burrard Inlet, through Coquitlam and Port Coquitlam southeast to

99-564: A schwa sound /ə/ , each with phonetic variants. There is a fair amount of overlap between the vowel spaces, with stress and adjacency relationships as main contributors. The vowel phonemes of Squamish are listed below in IPA with the orthography following it. /i/ has four main allophones [e, ɛ, ɛj, i], which surface depending on adjacency relationships to consonants, or stress. /a/ has four main allophones [ɛ, æ, ɔ, ɑ]. /u/ The consonant phonemes of Squamish, first in IPA and then in

132-650: A Squamish-language program was made available at Capilano University . The program, Language and Culture Certificate, is designed to let its respective students learn about the language and culture. Additionally, Simon Fraser University has launched the Squamish Language Academy, in which students learn the Squamish language for two years. The aforementioned programs increase the number of active language learners each year. The vowel system in Squamish phonemically features four sounds, /i/ , /a/ , /u/ , as well as

165-531: A map and materials by Heritage Advisory Committee and Environment and Waste Management Committee of the City of Burnaby (1993), in March 1859 Colonel Moody began to survey the site of New Westminster as the capital city for the new Colony of British Columbia. He was particularly intrigued with the possibility that a fresh water lake existed north of the town. In a letter to Governor James Douglas , Moody wrote: "I now learn from

198-508: A modified Latin script called Sḵwx̱wú7mesh (1990). The Squamish-English bilingual dictionary (edited by Peter Jacobs and Damara Jacobs) was published by the University of Washington Press in 2011. In 1990, the Chief and Council of the Squamish people declared Squamish to be the official language of their people, a declaration made to ensure funding for the language and its revitalization. In 2010,

231-406: A variety of reduplication types, serving to express functions such as pluralization, diminutive form, aspect, etc. Squamish contains a large variety of reduplicative processes due to its lack of inflectional devices that would otherwise mark plurality, which allows for a range of different interpretations. Squamish sentences follow a Verb-Subject-Object form (the action precedes the initiator and

264-544: Is bisected by a low depression running northwest to southeast, consisting of (running from west to east): Punctuating the plateau are several prominences of land including Little Mountain (a dormant volcano, approximately 170 metres above sea level) in Vancouver, and Capitol Hill (approximately 220 metres) and Burnaby Mountain (home to the main campus of Simon Fraser University ; approximately 380 metres) in Burnaby. The plateau

297-712: Is flanked at its eastern end by the Coquitlam River , which flows south from Coquitlam Lake on the mainland into the Fraser River, its mouth lying upstream from the Brunette River. The land east of the Coquitlam River is largely flat and lying close to sea level, except for the stand-alone rise of Mary Hill in Port Coquitlam (approximately 70 metres). The Burrard Peninsula has been extensively urbanized , and includes

330-615: Is home to a large variety of wildlife. At least 70 species of birds make the lake and surrounding areas their home, and about 214 species of birds visit the lake throughout the year. The park has been managed by the Metro Vancouver Parks Department since 1977. Burnaby Lake is a glacial lake that formed about 12,000 years ago, at the end of the Pleistocene ice age . The lake was named by Colonel Richard Moody after his private secretary, Robert Burnaby . According to

363-593: Is spoken in southwestern British Columbia , Canada , centred on their reserve communities in Squamish , North Vancouver , and West Vancouver . An archaic historical rendering of the native Sḵwx̱wú7mesh is Sko-ko-mish but this should not be confused with the name of the Skokomish people of Washington state. Squamish is most closely related to the Sechelt , Halkomelem , and Nooksack languages. The Squamish language

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396-458: Is typical of Salish language family languages. Because the /ʔ/ character glyph is not found on typewriters and did not exist in most fonts until the widespread adoption of Unicode , the Squamish orthography conventionally represents the glottal stop with the number symbol 7 ; the same character glyph is also used as a digit to represent the number seven. The other special character is a stress mark, or accent (á, é, í or ú). This indicates that

429-510: The Coquitlam River in Coquitlam. 49°14′45″N 123°01′00″W  /  49.24583°N 123.01667°W  / 49.24583; -123.01667 Squamish language Squamish ( / ˈ s k w ɔː m ɪ ʃ / SKWAW -mish ; Sḵwx̱wú7mesh sníchim , sníchim meaning "language") is a Coast Salish language spoken by the Squamish people of the Pacific Northwest . It

462-498: The First Peoples’ Heritage, Language and Culture Council considered the language to be "critically endangered" and "nearly extinct", with just 10 fluent speakers. In 2011, the language was being taught using the "Where Are Your Keys?" technique, and a Squamish–English dictionary was also completed in 2011. A Squamish festival was scheduled for April 22, 2013, with two fluent elders, aiming to inspire more efforts to keep

495-663: The Pitt River , the Fraser River , or the Burrard Inlet - as the connection to the mainland is blocked by Coquitlam Mountain and other mountainous terrain. Municipalities on the peninsula include — in roughly west-to-east order—the Cities of Vancouver , Burnaby , New Westminster , Port Moody , Coquitlam and Port Coquitlam . The University Endowment Lands (home to the main campus of University of British Columbia ) occupies

528-494: The 1950s, Dutch linguist Aert H. Kuipers worked on the first comprehensive grammar of the Squamish language, later published as The Squamish Language (1967). In 1968, the British Columbia Language Project undertook more documentation of the Squamish language and culture. The Squamish writing system presently in use was devised by Randy Bouchard and Dorothy Kennedy, the main collaborators on this project, using

561-554: The Indians that a lake does exist... Burnaby and Blake immediately volunteered their services to explore and also to trace the mouth to Burrard's Inlet and to report generally on the countryside north of the town. After a considerable reluctance on account of the weather I have let them go with four days' provisions in light marching order, not even tents, two Indians, a Canadian Voyageur attached to Parson's survey party and my own trusty Corporal Brown R.E. They have been away now three days in

594-613: The Squamish orthography : Other symbols include the glottal stop and stress marks. ⟨ʔ⟩ or 7 represent a glottal stop. Glottalization can occur on a variety of consonants (w, y, l, m, n), and after or before vowels. Glottalized sonorants are written with an apostrophe on top, whereas ejectives are written with an apostrophe after. The following table shows the vowels and consonants and their respective orthographic symbols. Consonants are sorted by place (bilabial to uvular descending) and type (Left – Plosives, Right – Sonorants and Fricatives). Squamish contains no voiced plosives, as

627-472: The Squamish language since the 1880s. After some time a written system was formed for the Squamish language, which was once an oral language. German anthropologist Franz Boas was the first to collect Squamish words, while anthropologist Charles Hill-Tout recorded some Squamish sentences and stories. In the 1930s, anthropologist Homer Barnett worked with Jimmy Frank to collect information about traditional Squamish culture , including some Squamish words. In

660-411: The area, with deciduous trees around the edge of the marshes . Conifers occupy the areas furthest from the lake. The lake is said to act as a settling pond for incoming pollutants from Still Creek , thereby protecting the outflowing Brunette River. Large amounts of sediment, peat moss , decomposing plants, and water lilies make the lake unsuitable for swimming. Because many storm sewers drain to

693-521: The bank of Pitt River. From where the CPR tracks cross the Pitt River, the Burrard Peninsula runs due west for approximately 40 km (25 mi) to Point Grey . The peninsula is approximately 6–8 km (3.7–5.0 mi) wide (north-south) for much of its length. Though it is a peninsula and is attached to the mainland, it cannot be accessed directly from the mainland without crossing some body of water - either

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726-444: The home, as a way to reinforce the learning that takes place in the Sea to Sky School District schools. So far 15 families in the Squamish area are part of the program ... "The goal is to revive the language by trying to have it used every day at home — getting the parents on board, not just the children." Currently, there are 449 Active Language Learners of the Squamish language. In 2014,

759-579: The initiator of an action precedes the goal). Sentences typically begin with a predicate noun, but may also begin with a transitive , intransitive , or passive verb . The table below summarizes the general order of elements in Squamish. Referents are nominal . Burnaby Lake Regional Park Burnaby Lake is a lake located in Burnaby , British Columbia and is the focal geographic feature and namesake of Burnaby Lake Regional Park . The lake occupies 3.11 square kilometres (770 acres) of land, and

792-459: The lake and the Brunette River, the Cariboo Dam at Brunette River controls the rate of water outflow to prevent flooding downstream during times of heavy rain. Birdwatching and hiking are common, with 19 km of walking and hiking trails circling the entire lake. The Burnaby Equestrian Centre is located here, with 6 km of horseback riding trails along the southern and eastern sides of

825-524: The lake empties from the east to the Fraser River through the Brunette River . Burnaby Lake hosts over 400 varieties of plant , bird , fish , mammal , reptile and amphibian species. An exceptionally wide variety of birds frequent the area, including great blue herons , bald eagles , osprey , and the green heron . Black bears once were common in the area. Vegetation such as bladderworts , cattails , bulrushes , and sedges are common around

858-596: The lake. Canoeing , rowing , and kayaking is also popular, with the Burnaby Canoe and Kayak Club and the Burnaby Lake Rowing Club in the Burnaby Lake Pavilion at the west end of the lake. The park is open from 8am to 9pm between the start of Daylight Saving Time (second Sunday of March) to Labour Day , and 8am to dusk for the rest of the year. Over the past decades, sediment has been filling up

891-419: The language alive. Rebecca Campbell, one of the event's organizers, commented: The festival is part of a multi-faceted effort to ensure the language's long-term survival, not only by teaching it in the schools, but by encouraging parents to speak it at home. Squamish Nation cultural workers, for example, have begun to provide both parents and children with a list of common Squamish phrases that can be used around

924-724: The largest and densest populations in the Metro Vancouver region, and in British Columbia more generally. While originally extensively forested, since the mid-19th century the Burrard Peninsula has gradually become essentially one large cityscape. Its largest remaining green spaces include Pacific Spirit Regional Park in Point Grey, Stanley Park in Downtown Vancouver , the areas around Burnaby Mountain, Central Park , Burnaby Lake , and Deer Lake in Burnaby, and Mundy Park and

957-573: The late 19th century. The lake is situated to the east of Burnaby City Hall, and is bordered by Highway 1 to the south, and the CN New Westminster Sub to the north (Formerly BN track). The Burnaby Lake Line of the British Columbia Electric Railway 's interurban service from New Westminster to Vancouver ran along the south side of the lake. Still Creek , Eagle Creek , and Deer Lake flow into Burnaby Lake, while

990-406: The most deplorable weather. The rain was in torrents all last night and it is streaming down still in tropical torrents - nothing would gladden my eyes more than to see them back." Robert Burnaby and the rest of the party did return safely and the official hydrographic chart produced in 1860 featured two discoveries: Burnaby Lake and the Brunette River . A number of sawmills were situated here in

1023-476: The unincorporated territory of Point Grey at the far west end of the peninsula. Northwest of the peninsular neck are the villages of Belcarra and Anmore , both of which are not part of the peninsula proper but are only accessible by road via the Burrard Peninsula. The Burrard Peninsula, for the most part, consists of a hilly low plateau reaching a maximum elevation between 100 and 150 metres (330 and 490 ft) above sea level in most places. The plateau

Burrard Peninsula - Misplaced Pages Continue

1056-500: The vowel should be realized as louder and slightly longer. Squamish, like other Salish languages, has two main types of words: Clitics and full words. Clitics can be articles, or predicative clitics. Squamish words are able to be subjected to reduplication , suffixation , prefixation . A common prefix is the nominalizer prefix /s-/, which occurs in a large number of fixed combinations with verb stems to make nouns (e.g: /t'iq/ "to be cold" -> /s-t'iq/ "(the) cold"). Squamish uses

1089-478: Was first documented in the 1880s by a German anthropologist; however the grammar of the language was documented by a Dutch linguist in the 1950s. The orthography or spelling system of the language came about in 1960s while the first Squamish dictionary was published only recently, specifically 2011. The language shares certain similarities with languages like Sechelt and Halkomelem which are spoken in similar regions. Anthropologists and linguists have been researching

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