Bunjevac-Šokac Party ( Croatian : Bunjevačko-šokačka stranka ) was a political party of Croats in the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes , part of province of Bačka (today Serbia ).
74-406: The party was founded on September 15, 1920, in order to continue the organized political activity of Croats from Bačka ( Bunjevci and Šokci ), which had its tradition even before World War I . The party made good results on the parliamentary elections in 1920 and 1923 . Its leader was Blaško Rajić . After November 28, 1924, a crisis in party came because of disagreements among membership about
148-610: A South Slavic sub-ethnic group of Croats living mostly in the Bačka area of northern Serbia and southern Hungary ( Bács-Kiskun County ), particularly in Baja and surroundings, in Croatia (e.g. Primorje-Gorski Kotar County , Lika-Senj County , Slavonia , Split-Dalmatia County , Vukovar-Srijem County ), and in Bosnia-Herzegovina . They presumably originate from western Herzegovina . As
222-588: A Catholic Vlach origin of Bunjevci who became absorbed in Croat community while Orthodox Vlach was absorbed in Serbian community. Cultural historian Ante Sekulić stated, that there was enough historical-scientific evidence to support the thesis that Bunjevci were Slavinized Vlachs who had converted to Catholicism. Based on modern historiographical studies and archival research, there is still no consensus on their homeland, only ethnological elements indicate specific regions. It
296-733: A charter is recorded certain Martin Bunavacz in Baranja . The earliest mention in Bačka is from 1622 when was recorded parochia detta Bunieuzi nell' arcivescovato Colociense . One of the first mentions of the ethnonym is by Bishop of Senj, Martin Brajković, in 1702 whose recorded folk tradition knew for the existence of five ethnic identities which constitute the population of Lika and Krbava , one of them being Catholic Vlachs also known as Bunjevci ( Valachi Bunyevacz ). In 1712–1714 census of Lika and Krbava
370-571: A distinct Bunjevac ethnicity regard this time as another dark period of encroachment on their identity and feel that this assimilation did not help in the preservation of their language. The censuses of 1953 and 1961 also listed all declared Bunjevci as Croats. The 1971 population census listed the Bunjevci separately under the municipal census in Subotica upon the personal request of the organization of Bunjevci in Subotica. It listed 14,892 Bunjevci or 10.15% of
444-659: A fourth nation of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes among the South Slavic nations. In the period between 1920 and 1930 and again in 1940, there were three types of manipulation to neutralize their Croatian nationality, primarily emphasizing their ethnic distinctiveness from both the Croats and Serbs, that can be both Croats and Serbs or it's unimportant because both are Yugoslavs , and open denial of their ethnicity and religious belonging considering that Bunjevci and Šokci are Serbs of
518-670: A result of the Ottoman conquest , some of them migrated to Dalmatia , from there to Lika and the Croatian Littoral , and in the 17th century to the Bácska area of Hungary . Bunjevci who remained in Bosnia and Herzegovina, as well as those in modern Croatia today, maintain that designation chiefly as a regional identity, and declare as ethnic Croats . Those who emigrated to Hungary underwent an extensive process of integration and assimilation. In
592-441: Is a disagreement between real ethnicity and declared ethnicity. Most people, who declare that they belong to a specific ethnic/minority group, have come already for centuries from families with mixed family backgrounds (e.g. mixed marriages between different nationalities/ethnicities, interreligious marriages). In the former Yugoslavia, Bunjevci were, along with Šokci, registered as the subcategory of Croatian ethnicity. Beginning in
666-574: Is a sub-dialect of Neo- Shtokavian Younger Ikavian dialect of the Serbo-Croatian pluricentric language , preserved among members of the Bunjevac community. Their accent is purely Ikavian , with /i/ for the Common Slavic vowels yat . According to Croatia there are three historical-etnological branches of Bunjevci and their dialect: Dalmatian, Danubian, and Littoral-Lika. Its speakers largely use
740-669: Is cleverly exploited, resulting in an inconsistent use of the terms. The Bunjevac community-oriented media in Serbia are predominantly controlled by editors of the lobby of the Bunjevac National Council or the Croat National Council. They both target readers in Serbia and abroad. Croat National Council Croatian National Council of the Republic of Serbia ( Croatian : Hrvatsko nacionalno vijeće Republike Srbije )
814-415: Is considered to be Southwestern Bosnia, Herzegovina, and Dalmatia, from where in the 17th century migrated to Bačka and Northern Dalmatia, as well as Lika, Primorje and Gorski Kotar . This with a political situation divided the community into four groups, Western Herzegovinian (Ottoman), Dalmatian ( Venetian ), Lika-Primorje ( Habsburg ), and Podunavlje (Hungarian), although the ethnologists often consider
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#1732852641436888-576: Is considered to have happened in 1605 when around 50 families from Krmpota near Zemunik settled in Lič near Fužine by Danilo Frankol, captain of Senj, in agreement with Nikola and Juraj Zrinski , and with several waves until 1647 settling in Lič, the hinterland of Senj (Ledenice, Krmpote – Sv. Jakov, Krivi Put, Senjska draga), and some to Pag and Istria. Some also arrived during the Cretan War (1645–1669) , and after
962-550: Is divided into a group who declare themselves as an independent Bunjevac people and those who see themselves as an integral part of the Croatian people. In April 2006, some members of the Bunjevac community and political activists, who are collaborating closely with the Bunjevac National Council in Serbia, started collecting signatures to register Bunjevci as an independent minority. In Hungary, 1,000 valid subscriptions are needed to register an ethnic minority with historical presence. By
1036-448: Is noted by Andrew Hodges that it is mutually intelligible with the standard Serbian and Croatian varieties . Popularly, the Bunjevac dialect is often referred to as "Bunjevac language" ( bunjevački jezik ) or Bunjevac mother tongue ( materni jezik ). At the political level, depending on goal and content of the political lobby, the general confusion concerning the definition of the terms language, dialect, speech, mother tongue,
1110-801: Is recorded since 1199 in Zadar probably meaning soldiers without order and discipline. According to Petar Vuković (2020), the name Bunjevac could have originated from the verb bunjati (talking nonsense), used by Orthodox Vlachs to express their contempt for Catholic Vlachs, referring to their use of the Latin language in the church. According to modern and most recent ethnological studies, as well anthroponymy structure, Bunjevci have substantial elements of non-Slavic origin and originate from Vlach -Croatian ethnic symbiosis of Ikavian Chakavian /Chakavian- Shtokavian language group, with some similarities to Vlach-Montenegrin symbiosis, but both being more archaic and different from
1184-885: Is that the name derives from the river Buna in central Herzegovina , their hypothesized ancestral homeland before their migrations. However, although preserved in Littoral and mostly in Podunavlje branch folk oral tradition, linguists generally dismissed such derivation. Another theory is that the name comes from the term Bunja , a traditional shepherd transhumance stone house in Dalmatia similar to Kažun in Istria, meaning people who live in such type of houses, from personal name Bunj deriving from Bunislav or Bonifacije, Romanian personal name Bun from Bonus from which derives toponym Bunić near Gospić , and pejorative nickname Obonjavci which
1258-452: Is the city of Sombor . Most members of the Bunjevac community in Serbia who speak Bunjevac dialect and Croatian language also speak mutually intelligible Serbian language . In Hungary, there is a growing interest in learning Bunjevac dialect and Croatian among citizens who have Bunjevac ancestors in their genealogical history line. The Bunjevac dialect ( bunjevački dijalekt ), also known as Bunjevac speech ( bunjevački govor ),
1332-519: Is the representative body of Croats in Serbia , established for the protection of the rights and the minority self-government of Croats in Serbia. It represents Croatian national minority in the official use of language, education, information and culture, participates in decision-making or decide on issues and establishes institutions in these areas. It was established under the Act on Protection of Rights and Freedoms of National Minorities . Although Council
1406-528: Is using a " segregated model of multiculturalism ". In Serbia , Bunjevci live in AP Vojvodina , mostly in the northern part of Bačka region. The community, however, has been divided around the issue of ethnic and national affiliation: in the 2011 census, in terms of ethnicity, 16,706 inhabitants of Vojvodina self-declared as Bunjevci and 47,033 as Croats . Not all of the Croats in Vojvodina have Bunjevac roots;
1480-449: The Latin alphabet and are living in parts of Bosnia and Herzegovina , different parts of Croatia , southern parts (inc. Budapest ) of Hungary as well in the autonomous province Vojvodina of Serbia . Opinions on the status of the Bunjevac dialect remain divided. Bunjevac speech is considered a dialect or vernacular of the Serbo-Croatian pluricentric language , by linguists. It
1554-641: The diaspora (e.g. Serbia and Hungary). In Hungary, the Bunjevac community is divided into a group who declare themselves as an independent Bunjevac people and those who see themselves as an integral part of the Croatian people. Hungary considers the Bunjevac community as integral part of the Croat ethnicity. Towns and villages with a Bunjevac population (names of settlements in Serbo-Croatian listed in brackets) include Baja , Csávoly ( Čavolj ), Csikéria ( Čikerija ), Katymár ( Kaćmar ), and Tompa . (Further information Demographic history of Vojvodina and Demographic history of Bačka ) The Republic of Serbia
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#17328526414361628-529: The 16th century after a split took place among the Slavic Vlachs into an Orthodox Christian and Roman Catholic group. And some Serbian academic researchers, especially in the time of the Yugoslav Wars (1991-2001), consider the Bunjevac community to be Catholic Serbs . The migrations from Northern Dalmatia were influenced by Ottomans conquest in the 15th and 16th century, and the first migration to Primorje
1702-444: The 18th and 19th century they made up a significant part of the population of Bácska . The government of Hungary considers the Bunjevac community to be part of the Croatian minority. Bunjevci in Serbia and Hungary, are split between those who see themselves as a Croatian sub-ethnic group ( bunjevački Hrvati ) and those who identify themselves as a distinct ethnic group with their own language. The latter are represented in Serbia by
1776-642: The 1990s many Croats declared themselves as Bunjevac in order to avoid stigmatisation , which increased the number of self-declared Bunjevci. The self-declaration of Bunjevac was also aided by grass-roots demands for a separate Bunjevac nation. In early 2005, the Bunjevac issue ( bunjevačko pitanje ) was again popularized when the Vojvodina government decided to allow the official use of the Štokavian dialect with ikavian pronunciation " bunjevac speech with elements of national culture " (Bunjevački govor s elementima nacionalne kulture) in schools – in
1850-576: The 19th century in Austria-Hungary and, their "national status" remained ambiguous since, as the debate revived by the Breakup of Yugoslavia in the 1990s. The Bunjevac question entails also political obstacles concerning language politics, particular about Bunjevac dialect , that may polarize domestic politics in Serbia and inhibit regional cooperation particular between Croatia and Serbia. It has been argued that they are Croats, Serbs, and yet another as
1924-539: The Austrian-Hungarian army against the Turks. The Catholic Church in Subotica celebrates 1686 as the anniversary of the Bunjevac migration when the largest single migration did take place. As a sign of gratitude and soldiery, some foreign soldiers (mostly unpaid frontiersmen), inclusive Bunjevci, received land pastures and Austrian-Hungarian citizenship. Up to the present day, the descendants of these mercenaries have still
1998-623: The Bačka Bunjevci in the same country with the Croats (with some remaining in Hungary). Between the World Wars, the national dispute included pro-Bunjevci, pro-Croatian, and pro-Serbian position. As Bunjevci were mostly supporters of the Croatian Peasant Party , and the ethnic boundary between Serbs and Croats was established on confessional line, they naturally felt closer to Croats. During
2072-531: The Bunjevac National Council in 2010. The national councils receive funds from the state and province to finance their own governing body, cultural, and educational organisations. The level of funding for the National Councils depends on the results of a census, in which the Serbian citizens can register and self-declare as belonging to a state-recognized minority of their choice. In the results of census taking
2146-535: The Bunjevac National Council, and the former by the Croat National Council . Bunjevci are mainly Catholic and the majority still speaks Neo- Shtokavian Younger Ikavian dialect of the Serbo-Croatian pluricentric language with certain archaic characteristics. Within the Bunjevac community and between Serbia and Croatia, there is an unresolved political identity conflict regarding ethnicity and nationality of Bunjevci and an ongoing language battle over
2220-620: The Bunjevac clergy, notably one of the titular bishops of Kalocsa , Ivan Antunović (1815–1888), supported the notion of calling Bunjevci and Šokci with the name Croats. Antunović, with journalist and ethnographer Ambrozije Šarčević (1820–1899), led Bunjevci national movement in the 19th century, and in 1880 was founded the Bunjevačka stranka ("the Bunjevac party"), an indigenous political party, mostly concentrated on language rights, preservation, and ethnographic work. When their 1905 request for having police patrol and church services in Croatian
2294-507: The Bunjevac community to be Croats". The Bunjevac National Council responded harshly to his statement, stating that Bunjevci have been living in Subotica for 350 years and that the difference between Bunjevci and Croats, according to their opinion, is attested in historical sources. Today, both major parts of the community (the pro-independent Bunjevac one and the pro-Croatian one) continue to consider themselves ethnologically as Bunjevci, although each subscribing to its own interpretation of
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2368-563: The Bunjevci distinctly. They were referred to as "bunyevácok" or "dalmátok" (in the 1890 census). In 1880 the Austro-Hungarian authorities listed in Subotica a total of 26,637 Bunjevci and 31,824 in 1892. In 1910, 35.29% of the population of the Subotica city (or 33,390 people) were registered as "others"; these people were mainly Bunjevci. In 1921 Bunjevci were registered by the Royal Yugoslav authorities as speakers of Serbian or Croatian –
2442-545: The Catholic faith. The third was argued by Serbian academic elite, including Aleksa Ivić, Radivoj Simonović, Jovan Erdeljanović among others. Some Croatian authors reject these point of view as unfounded one. Following the breakup of Yugoslavia, the Bunjevac community was, during the regime of Slobodan Milošević (a follower of the Greater Serbia ideology), officially granted the status of autochthonous people in 1996. In
2516-419: The Croatian people. Many, on an example of Donji Tavankut , also declared as Yugoslavs. Croatia considers the people from the Bunjevac communities as integral part of the Croatian nation, even though they live in the diaspora (e.g. Serbia and Hungary — Bunjevac Croats of Serbia and Hungary). In Hungary, Bunjevci are not recognized as a minority; the government consider them Croats. The Bunjevac community
2590-453: The Croats, even if a person would self-declare as a Bunjevac or Šokac. However, local schools used the Serbian version of Serbo-Croatian in Latin script, while during the 1990s even in Cyrillic script, policy interpreted as an attempt to assimilate them into the Serbian culture. There are different opinions about the historical context of the content of document "Dekret 1945". Proponents of
2664-446: The EU (e.g. labour migration, business, education). And there are citizens who declare that they are part of the Bunjevac community (pro-Bunjevac or pro-Croat one) to benefit from financial grants, or just based on their personal feelings. The largest concentration of Bunjevci in Serbia, is in the city of Subotica , which is their cultural and political center. Another significant urban center
2738-645: The Ottomans' defeat in Lika (1683–1687), some littoral Bunjevci moved to settlements in Lika, like Pazarište, Smiljan , Gospićko field, Široka Kula, valley of Ričice and Hotuče. According to the common theory based on historical documents happened at least three big migrations to Podunavlje, first from the beginning of the 17th century (without Franciscan friars ), second in the mid 17th century during Cretan War, and third during Great Turkish War (1683–1699). Bunjevci, called Dalmatians at that time, served as mercenaries to in
2812-861: The Republic of Serbia. Since 2006, some people of the Hungarian Bunjevac community and political activists, who are collaborating with the Serbian Bunjevac National Council, attempted to gain recognition as a separate ethnic group, but those initiatives have been rejected by the government, based on the opinion of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences , who consider them part of the Croatian minority. The former president of Serbia, Tomislav Nikolić , stated in 2013 that Bunjevci are "You are neither Serbs nor Croats, but an authentic Slavic nation, ..." The Croat National Council and Croatian MEPs responded critical to his statement, stating that
2886-526: The Serbian government is encouraging the division of the Croatian minority into Bunjevci and Šokci, and favouring those Bunjevci who do not declare themselves to be Croats. Until 2016 the Bunjevac National Council believed that Bunjevci presumably originate from Dacia and then added Dardania to support their claim that they are not part of the Croatian Nation. In late September 2021, president of Croatia, Zoran Milanović , stated that "Croatia considers
2960-425: The Turks, from the 17th century, still have the right to be citizens of Hungary (under strict conditions), even if they live outside the current Hungarian land borders. In Serbia, Croats (included the Croatian sub-ethnic group of Bunjevci and Šokci) were recognized as a minority in 2002 and reprecented by the Croat National Council and for those, who consider themself as a separate Bunjevac minority, are reprecented by
3034-631: The Vlach-Serbian symbiosis of Ekavian/Jekavian-Shtokavian group. Based on ethnological, linguistic and some historical indicators the area of origin could have been between rivers Buna in Herzegovina and Bunë in Albania, along with the Adriatic-Dinaric belt (south Dalmatia and its hinterland, Boka Kotorska Bay, the coast of Montenegro and a part of its hinterland), seemingly encompassing the territory of
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3108-704: The celebration and of establishment of Kingdom of Croatia. As a part of that celebration, a memorial plaque was unveiled. The memorial plaque was set in Subotica, on the King Tomislav Square. The inscription on the plaque was "The memorial plaque of millennium of Croatian Kingdom 925-1925. Set by Bunjevci Croats " (" Spomen-ploča tisućugodišnjice hrvatskog kraljevstva 925.-1925. godine. Postaviše bunjevački Hrvati "). Bunjevci Bunjevci ( Serbo-Croatian : Bunjevci / Буњевци , pronounced [bǔɲeːʋtsi, bǔː-] ; singular masculine : Bunjevac / Буњевац , feminine : Bunjevka / Буњевка ) are
3182-468: The citizens name "Seljari" had negative and mockery connotation by Bunjevci. In the territory from Krmpote to Sv. Marija Magdalena in North Dalmatia there also existed multilayered regional identities Primorci and Podgorci, local Krmpoćani, while the subethnic term Bunjevci loses identity on the boundary with Velebit Podgorje. The earliest mention of the ethnonym is argued to be in 1550 and 1561 when in
3256-406: The city of Subotica had 60,699 speakers of Serbian or Croatian or 66.73% of the total city population. Allegedly, 44,999 or 49.47% were Bunjevci. In the 1931 population census of the Royal Yugoslav authorities, 43,832 or 44.29% of the total Subotica population were Bunjevci. The Croat national identity was adopted by some Bunjevci in the late 19th and early 20th century, especially by the majority of
3330-489: The end of the given 60 days period, the initiative gained over 2,000 subscriptions of which cca. 1,700 were declared valid by national vote office and Budapest parliament gained a deadline of 9 January 2007 to solve the situation by approving or refusing the proposal. No other such initiative has reached that level ever since minority bill passed in 1992. On 18 December the National Assembly of Hungary refused to accept
3404-565: The first time ever, the status of minority. Although they carry several regional and sub-ethnic names (e.g. "Bunjevci" and "Šokci"), Croats in Vojvodina constitute an integral part of the Croatian people, who in the capacity of an autochthone people reside in the parts of the Srijem of the Vojvodina province, in the Banat and the Bačka region, but also in a significant number in Belgrade. From
3478-717: The first two as one group (broad Dalmatian) from which other diverged. However, it is considered that some groups already existed since 1520 on the Triplex Confinium (the boundary between Venetian, Ottoman, and Habsburg Empire), but were not directly mentioned in historical documents, rather than were used alternative terms due to social-regional-ethnic-linguistic-cultural reasons such as Uskoks , Dalmatians , Morlachs , Bogomils , Illyrians , Morlachi Catolichi, Valachi Catolichi and catholische Walahen, Rasciani Catolichi and Katolische Ratzen (the term had transconfessional meaning), Iliri, Horvati, Meerkroaten, and Likaner. In
3552-477: The first year in Cyrillic script and in the following school years in Latin script. This was protested by the Serbian Bunjevac Croat community as an attempt of the government to widen the rift between the Bunjevac communities. They favour integration, regardless of whether some people declared themselves distinct, because minority rights (such as the right to use a minority language ) are applied based on
3626-568: The historical perspective, this population, in its overwhelming number, has been for centuries an indigenous population. " 2. Bunjevac minority in the Republic of Serbia: " The constituting session of the Bunjevac National Minority Council was held on 14 June 2010 in Subotica. By the Ministry of Human and Minority Rights of the Republic of Serbia document No. 290-212-00-10/2010-06 of 26 July 2010 Bunjevac National Minority Council
3700-472: The initiative (with 334 No and 18 Yes votes). The decision was based on the study of the Hungarian Academy of Science that denied the existence of an independent Bunjevac minority (they stated that Bunjevci are a Croatian subgroup). The opposition of Croatian minority leaders also played part in the outcome of the vote, and the opinion of Hungarian Academy of Sciences. To this day, the descendants of Dalmatia or Illyria (Bunjevac) mercenaries who fought against
3774-439: The last original testimony of Lika-Primorje Bunjevci about their traditional identity, in which they said to be "We are hardworking brothers Bunjevci", while regarding (Catholic) confession always as "I am true Bunjevac". A more recent 1980 testimony from Baja , considered they came from Albania . The etymological derivation of their ethnonym is unknown. There are several theories about the origin of their name. The most common
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#17328526414363848-420: The late 1980s in Vojvodina, attempts were made to separate these two subcategories into distinct ethnicities, leading to a change in choices for ethnic affiliation in the 1991 Yugoslavian census. According to Kameda (2013), the categories of Bunjevac and Šokac were introduced for the purpose of reducing the number of Croatian population inside Serbia. Bunjevci were officially recognized as a separate ethnic group at
3922-664: The late World War II, Partisan General Božidar Maslarić spoke on the national councils in Sombor and Subotica on 6 November 1944 and General Ivan Rukavina on Christmas in Tavankut in the name of the Communist Party about the Croatdom of the Bunjevci . After 1945, in SFR Yugoslavia the census of 1948 did not officially recognize the Bunjevci (nor Šokci), and instead merged their data with
3996-426: The local government in Subotica found that in the community, 94% of declared Croats agreed that Bunjevci were part of the Croatian nation, while 39% of declared Bunjevci supported this view. In the results of the 2022 census of the Republic of Serbia: 39,107 Croats are registered, of which the sensus methodology has not made a subdivision of percentage respondents identifying themselves as Bunjevac Croats. According to
4070-475: The number of members of the minority. As opposed to this, supporters of pro-Bunjevci option are accused Croats for attempts to assimilate Bunjevci. In 2011, Bunjevac pro-Yugoslav politician Blaško Gabrić and Bunjevac National Council, asked Serbian authorities to start juristic criminal responsibility procedure against those Croat minorities who are denying the existence of Bunjevci being an ethnicity, which is, according to them, violation of laws and constitution of
4144-559: The other big group are Šokci . In the 2022 census of the Republic of Serbia: 39,107 Croats and 11,104 Bunjevci are registered, of which the census methodology has not made a subdivision of percentage respondents identifying themselves as Bunjevac Croats or as a separate Bunjevac ethnicity, in conjunction with their belief of being a distinct Bunjevac people. In the Serbian Bunjevac community are people who have only economic based motives to declare to be Bunjevac Croat, to ensure access to
4218-503: The population of Subotica. Despite this, the provincial and federal authorities listed the Bunjevci as Croats, together with the Šokci and considered them that way officially at all occasions. In 1981 the Bunjevci made a similar request – it showed 8,895 Bunjevci or 5.7% of the total population of Subotica. Robert Skenderović emphasizes that already before 1918 and the Communist rule, Bunjevci have made strong efforts to be recognized as part of
4292-491: The present day, historical events are still influencing public opinion and media, demographic movements, politics of national identity of different ethnic/minority groups, language politics, and citizenship. Bunjevac community oriented political parties in Croatia and Serbia e.g.: (Further information Croats of Serbia ) Croatia considers the Bunjevac community an integral part of the Croatian nation, even though they live in
4366-483: The right to be citizens of Hungary. In 1788 the first Austrian population census was conducted – it called Bunjevci Illyrians and their language Illyrian . It listed 17,043 Illyrians in Subotica. In 1850 the Austrian census listed them under Dalmatians and counted 13,894 Dalmatians in the city. Despite this, they traditionally called themselves Bunjevci . The Austro-Hungarian censuses from 1869 onward to 1910 numbered
4440-415: The same census, there are 11,104 citizens who have registered as Bunjevac, of which the results do not indicate how much respondents of these citizens considered themselves as sub-ethnic group of the Croatian people or as separate ethnicity, in conjunction with their belief of being a distinct Bunjevac people. Disputes about the ethnic and national status of the Bunjevci trace back to the nationalist wave in
4514-475: The short time while these two parties coexisted, these parties spent that time in mutual accusations. Over the time BŠS more and more inclined towards Stjepan Radić and HSS. In 1926 almost all membership of this party joined Croatian Peasant Party (HSS) of Stjepan Radić . Finally, Rajić himself turned to leader of Croats Stjepan Radić and became resilient supporter of him and his party, HSS. On September 19, 1925, BŠS and Pučka kasina have organized in Subotica
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#17328526414364588-534: The so-called Red Croatia , regardless of the issue whether the entity is historically founded, which was partly inhabited by Croats according to Byzantine sources from 11th and 12th century. This is supported by the observed Alpine cattle-breeding among Bunjevci at Velebit Podgorje, which is a non-Dinaric type of cattle-breeding in the Dinaric mountains. In a study about Western Balkans household and families, Austrian historian of historical anthropology Karl Kaser argued
4662-465: The start of 1991. In 1991 census lived 74,808 Croats, and 21,434 Bunjevci in Vojvodina, while in the district of Subotica, there were approximately equal numbers of declared Croats and Bunjevci: 16,369 and 17,439. In the administrative area of the city of Subotica region, there were 13,553 Bunjevci and 14,151 in 2011. The historically Bunjevac village of Donji Tavankut had 1,234 Croats, 787 Bunjevci, 190 Serbs and 137 declared as Yugoslavs. A 1996 survey by
4736-837: The status of the Bunjevac speech as well. North America South America Oceania Their endonym, used in Serbo-Croatian, is Bunjevci (sing. Bunjevac) ( Serbo-Croatian pronunciation: [bǔɲeʋtsi] ). In Hungarian their name is bunyevácok , in Dutch Boenjewatsen , and in German Bunjewatzen . According to Petar Skok they also called themselves in Bačka as Šokci (sing. Šokac) , while Hungarians in Szeged also called them as Dalmát (Dalmatians; Dalmatini), which they also used for themselves in Hungary. In addition,
4810-820: The term meant Catholic (Croat) population from Livanjsko field up to Montenegro which was mostly considered by the neighbor Serbian Orthodox population, while at Peroj in Istria it was a pejorative name for Croats as well pobunjevčit pejoratively meant "become Catholic". In the 20th century hinterland of Novi Vinodolski , called as Krmpote , the Primorje ( Littoral or Coastal ) Bunjevci were economically less powerful rural population and hence it had an attribution of "otherness" with negative connotation by urban citizens. Compared to Sveti Juraj they were more powerful and refused to call themselves Bunjevci because of such broad connotation and rather used "Planinari" (Mountaineers), and
4884-577: The term. The government of Serbia implemented two laws to protect the minority rights of the divided Bunjevac community: 1. Croatian minority (Bunjevci, Croats, Šokci) in the Republic of Serbia: " Pursuant to the law on the Rights and liberty of national minorities (adopted by the Assembly of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, on 26 February 2002), the Croat national minority was guaranteed, for
4958-513: The territory of Croatian Military Frontier happened complex ethnic-demographic integrations, with Ledenice being one of the earliest examples of Croatian-Vlach-Bunjevac integration when an anonymous priest from Senj in 1696 calls them as nostris Croatis , while captain Coronini in 1697 as Croati venturini , at the same time (1693), chiefs of Zdunići in Ledenice emphasized their Krmpote ancestry. Petar Vuković emphasizes that Bunjevci can be classified as an early modern ethnicity, which originated in
5032-476: The visions of organized political life of Croats in Bačka in future. Part of membership was for "separated" way, while the other part was politically inclining towards Croatian Republican Peasant Party (HRSS) of Stjepan Radić. At that time, the leader of Party was Josip Vuković-Đido . After disagreements with party leadership in 1924, Blaško Rajić abandoned the party. The elections in 1925 proved that majority of Croats from Bačka stood by Bunjevac-Šokac Party. In
5106-1385: Was Slaven Bačić . Croatian National Council has 4 vice presidents. Council elect them from among its members, on basis of territorial representation. 1 vice president comes from Syrmia , 1 from Podunavlje , 1 from Sombor and 1 from Subotica . They assist the president of Council in performance of chores from their scope, according to territory they were elected. Current vice presidents are: Andrija Ađin (from Podunavlje), Andrija Kopilović (from Subotica), Mata Matarić (from Sombor) and Zlatko Načev (from Syrmia). Executive board prepares and implements decisions of Croatian National Council. It has 6 members: president, vice president and 4 other members (for area of culture, education, informing and official use of Croatian language). Current members are: Darko Sarić Lukendić (president), Petar Balažević (vice president), Andrej Španović (culture), Anđela Horvat (education), Ankica Jukić Mandić (informing) and Ivan Stipić (official use of language and letter). HNV has 7 constant committees: for education, culture, informing, official use of language, finances, budget, regulations and for representatives and complaints. There are also committees for economy, sport and for enrollment in special electoral list of Croatian minority. Secretary cares for legality of Council work and he prepares proposals of decisions of Council. Current secretary
5180-421: Was confirmed at the Great National Assembly of Serbs, Bunjevci, and other Slavs in Novi Sad , which proclaimed unification with the Kingdom of Serbia in November 1918. The assembly represented only a part of the whole population and did not met the principle of the self-determination of nations. The subsequent creation of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes (renamed Yugoslavia in 1929) brought most of
5254-428: Was denied by Hungarian language policy, one group of 1,200 people converted to Orthodoxy. Around the time of World War I, was argued an idea that Bunjevci were not only a distinct group but also a fourth and smallest Yugoslav nation. In October 1918, a part of Bunjevci held a national convention in Subotica and decided to secede Banat, Bačka and Baranja from the Kingdom of Hungary and to join Kingdom of Serbia . This
5328-491: Was entered into the national council register. " However, many Bunjevci questioned the new categorization and continued to identify themselves not as a distinct ethnicity from Croatian but simply as Yugoslav, or, as a part of Croatian ethnicity in the frame of "Vojvodina Croats" (which includes Šokci). In summary, we can say that people nowaday, who prefer to identify themselves as Bunjevac or Bunjevac-Croat, have already come from ethnically mixed families for generations. Up to
5402-469: Was officially established on constitutive session on 23 January 2003, aldermen which established Council were elected on electoral congress which happened on 15 December 2002 in Subotica . Croatian National Council has 29 councilors, who elect president and vice presidents. President represents Croatian National Council and he is elected by councilors. Current president is Jasna Vojnić, and previous president
5476-689: Was recorded only one Bunieuacz (Vid Modrich ), however the military government usually used alternative term Valachi Catolici , while Luigi Ferdinando Marsili called them Meerkroaten (Littoral Croats). Alberto Fortis in Viaggio in Dalmazia ("Journey to Dalmatia") describing the Velebit ( Montagne della Morlacca ) recorded that the population was different from the earlier and called themselves as Bunjevci because they came from area of Buna in Bosnia and Herzegovina. 1828 writing by Colonel Ivan Murgić probably had
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