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75-421: Bundang is the headquarters of Korea's leading IT companies such as Naver and KT . Pangyo's Techno Valley is home to the country's leading game, entertainment and technology companies such as KakaoTalk , Samsung Techwin , AhnLab, Nexon , NCSOFT , Webzen and Hancom . Due to its close proximity to Seoul 's affluent commercial center, Gangnam District , many residents also commute to Gangnam station via

150-449: A poor connotation , and there is debate among scholars and administrators as to whether it should revert to the pre-colonial character 堂 , which means "hall" or "government office". Since the Joseon dynasty, the land Bundang currently occupies was a part of Gwangju (then county); at the time, Seongnam only had Sujeong and Jungwon gu s. This largely agricultural area was nothing like

225-531: A 4D theatre. Bundang is divided into 21 dong (동, "neighborhoods"): 37°22′58″N 127°07′08″E  /  37.382782°N 127.118905°E  / 37.382782; 127.118905 Information technology Information technology ( IT ) is a set of related fields that encompass computer systems, software , programming languages , and data and information processing, and storage. IT forms part of information and communications technology (ICT). An information technology system ( IT system )

300-604: A business context, the Information Technology Association of America has defined information technology as "the study, design, development, application, implementation, support, or management of computer-based information systems". The responsibilities of those working in the field include network administration, software development and installation, and the planning and management of an organization's technology life cycle, by which hardware and software are maintained, upgraded, and replaced. Information services

375-534: A complete computing machine. During the Second World War , Colossus developed the first electronic digital computer to decrypt German messages. Although it was programmable , it was not general-purpose, being designed to perform only a single task. It also lacked the ability to store its program in memory; programming was carried out using plugs and switches to alter the internal wiring. The first recognizably modern electronic digital stored-program computer

450-475: A component of their 305 RAMAC computer system. Most digital data today is still stored magnetically on hard disks, or optically on media such as CD-ROMs . Until 2002 most information was stored on analog devices , but that year digital storage capacity exceeded analog for the first time. As of 2007 , almost 94% of the data stored worldwide was held digitally: 52% on hard disks, 28% on optical devices, and 11% on digital magnetic tape. It has been estimated that

525-689: A cost of 4.16 trillion won . Bundang has 37 elementary schools , 25 middle schools and 24 high schools , also 1 university, and 1 graduate school. Bundang is also the site of Korea International School , located in Baekhyun-dong with an American curriculum for the expatriate and English-proficient Korean community. On the outskirts of Bundang there is an IB World School with a boarding program for foreign students called Gyeonggi Suwon International School (GSIS). Given its relative affluence, many private language academies are located in Bundang. Bundang has

600-450: A more efficient manner are usually seen as "just the cost of doing business." IT departments are allocated funds by senior leadership and must attempt to achieve the desired deliverables while staying within that budget. Government and the private sector might have different funding mechanisms, but the principles are more-or-less the same. This is an often overlooked reason for the rapid interest in automation and Artificial Intelligence , but

675-468: A particular letter; possible delays in message delivery (up to several days); limits on the size of one message and on the total size of messages in the mailbox (personal for users). A software and hardware complex with a web interface that provides the ability to search for information on the Internet. A search engine usually means a site that hosts the interface (front-end) of the system. The software part of

750-686: A replica of Michelangelo's Pietà ; one of only three in the world officially authorized by the Vatican . Residents can enjoy musical and theatrical performances as well as art exhibitions at the Seongnam Arts Center , which is located in Imae-dong . There are four public libraries in the Bundang area, the Seongnam Central Library in Yatap-dong (also has a swimming pool for the local resident),

825-405: A search engine is a search engine (search engine) — a set of programs that provides the functionality of a search engine and is usually a trade secret of the search engine developer company. Most search engines look for information on World Wide Web sites, but there are also systems that can look for files on FTP servers, items in online stores, and information on Usenet newsgroups. Improving search

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900-459: A technology now obsolete. Electronic data storage, which is used in modern computers, dates from World War II, when a form of delay-line memory was developed to remove the clutter from radar signals, the first practical application of which was the mercury delay line. The first random-access digital storage device was the Williams tube , which was based on a standard cathode ray tube . However,

975-734: A top IT services company. In addition, the state-owned Korea Land Corporation and Korea Gas Corporation both had their headquarters in Bundang. Since then, Kogas has moved to Daegu , and Korea Land Corporation has moved to Jinju innovation city as part of the South Korean government decentralization drive, along with giant Kepco's move to Naju , south of Gwangju Metro . Nowcom has its headquarters in Bundang, as well as Plantynet Co., Ltd. and subsidiary A&G Modes . There are some ancient relics, sights or buildings of note. There are, however, two pleasant parks which have been established for residents' pleasure. Bundang Central Park , east of

1050-534: A transfer station with the Yeoju Line . Migeum station will open with Shinbundang's Phase 2 in April 2018. The subway is operated automatically. Gyeonggang Line is a commuter line from Pangyo station to Yeoju In Bundang, taxis are very common. There are available taxis in busy areas such as subway stations. There are two types of taxis: an "ordinary" ( ilban ; 일반) taxi and a "model" ( mobeom ; 모범) taxi, which

1125-487: Is a term somewhat loosely applied to a variety of IT-related services offered by commercial companies, as well as data brokers . The field of information ethics was established by mathematician Norbert Wiener in the 1940s. Some of the ethical issues associated with the use of information technology include: Research suggests that IT projects in business and public administration can easily become significant in scale. Work conducted by McKinsey in collaboration with

1200-433: Is also worth noting that from a business perspective, Information technology departments are a " cost center " the majority of the time. A cost center is a department or staff which incurs expenses, or "costs", within a company rather than generating profits or revenue streams. Modern businesses rely heavily on technology for their day-to-day operations, so the expenses delegated to cover technology that facilitates business in

1275-552: Is commonly held in relational databases to take advantage of their "robust implementation verified by years of both theoretical and practical effort." As an evolution of the Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML), XML's text-based structure offers the advantage of being both machine- and human-readable . Data transmission has three aspects: transmission, propagation, and reception. It can be broadly categorized as broadcasting , in which information

1350-768: Is generally an information system , a communications system , or, more specifically speaking, a computer system — including all hardware , software , and peripheral equipment — operated by a limited group of IT users, and an IT project usually refers to the commissioning and implementation of an IT system. IT systems play a vital role in facilitating efficient data management, enhancing communication networks, and supporting organizational processes across various industries. Successful IT projects require meticulous planning, seamless integration, and ongoing maintenance to ensure optimal functionality and alignment with organizational objectives. Although humans have been storing, retrieving, manipulating, and communicating information since

1425-502: Is one of the priorities of the modern Internet (see the Deep Web article about the main problems in the work of search engines). Companies in the information technology field are often discussed as a group as the "tech sector" or the "tech industry." These titles can be misleading at times and should not be mistaken for "tech companies;" which are generally large scale, for-profit corporations that sell consumer technology and software. It

1500-1082: Is painted black and is bigger (in size) and much more expensive than the former ones. Streets of Bundang are partly organized like a grid . The main road is Seongnam Daero which runs through Moran station , Seohyeon station , Sunae station , Jeongja station to Ori station . Bundang is close to Seoul Ring Expressway , Seoul-Yongin Expressway , and Gyeongbu Expressway . Furthermore, Bundang has two expressways connected to Cheongdam Bridge in Han River and Gangnam District . Notable shopping malls include AK Plaza , previously Samsung Plaza, at Seohyeon station, Lotte Department Store at Sunae station, New Core , Home plus and Kim's Club at Yatap station , 2001 Outlet at Migeum station , Nonghyup Hanaro Mart , Homeplus at Ori station and Hyundai Department Store at Pangyo station. There are also big movie theaters at Ori, Seohyeon and Yatap stations. The CGV movie theatre inside Hyundai Department store at Pangyo station features

1575-784: Is served well by public transport, with many buses, and an underground railway . The Bundang Line connects to the Seoul Underground network at Moran , Bokjeong , Suseo , Dogok and Seolleung stations. Recently, it has been extended south into the city of Yongin , and further extensions to this line are planned, with it being intended to stretch south to Giheung before sweeping west to Suwon and eventually even to Incheon . The Airport Limousine , which runs to both Gimpo and Incheon airports, has several stops in Bundang including Seohyeon station , Sunae station , Jeongja station , Migeum station , Ori station , Imae station and Yatap station . The Shinbundang Line , which connects to

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1650-424: Is still widely deployed more than 50 years later. IMS stores data hierarchically , but in the 1970s Ted Codd proposed an alternative relational storage model based on set theory and predicate logic and the familiar concepts of tables, rows, and columns. In 1981, the first commercially available relational database management system (RDBMS) was released by Oracle . All DMS consist of components, they allow

1725-525: Is surrounded by the mountains Cheonggyesan and Geumtosan to the North and Barasan to the south, with Unjungcheon and Geumtocheon, tributaries of Tancheon , flowing through the center of the city. This area is 9,307,000 m (2,815,000 pyeong ) and can hold up to 80,412 people with 29,350 families. Gyeongbu Expressway separates the town into two unofficial regions: Seopangyo (literally, West Pangyo ) and Dongpangyo (literally, East Pangyo ). The origin of

1800-417: Is transmitted unidirectionally downstream, or telecommunications , with bidirectional upstream and downstream channels. XML has been increasingly employed as a means of data interchange since the early 2000s, particularly for machine-oriented interactions such as those involved in web-oriented protocols such as SOAP , describing "data-in-transit rather than... data-at-rest". Hilbert and Lopez identify

1875-710: The Bundang Culture and Information Center in Jeongja-dong, Seongnam City Gumi Library [1] in Gumi-dong and Rainbow library in Gumi-dong. The Bundang Museum of Nature is located in Jeongja-dong. For Yatap-dong, not only the library but one of the Bus Terminal and a big shopping mall is located Also, in Jeong-Ja Dong, there are many cafes and bakeries known as "Cafe Street". There are several nightlife areas, most notably

1950-603: The Dang in Dangwu-ri had been altered. In another land reorganization conducted in 1906, soon after Itō Hirobumi had been appointed Resident General of Korea, the character was changed from 堂 to 唐. The new character means the Tang dynasty of China (pronounced dang , 당, in Korean), which in 688, assisted the kingdom of Silla to conquer the other two Korean kingdoms of Baekje and Goguryeo during

2025-449: The Internet , which was equivalent to 51 million households. Along with the Internet, new types of technology were also being introduced across the globe, which has improved efficiency and made things easier across the globe. Along with technology revolutionizing society, millions of processes could be done in seconds. Innovations in communication were also crucial as people began to rely on

2100-499: The Shinbundang Line , which takes only 15 minutes from Jeongja station . The Bundang Line subway connects many of the city's popular commercial areas to southeast Seoul, Yongin and Suwon . The city has a well-developed bus network reaching Seoul's central districts in 30~40 minutes due to being located at an intersection of Gyeongbu Expressway and Seoul Ring Expressway . Bundang is home to many Koreans who lived overseas and

2175-525: The Three Kingdoms period. While this was the first unification of the peninsula, it was conducted through military conquest by a country conspiring with a foreign power. (There have been various opinions as to why the Japanese authorities made the decision to replace the character, none of which can be corroborated by historical evidence). Thus, the character for dang currently being used in Bundang today has

2250-671: The University of Oxford suggested that half of all large-scale IT projects (those with initial cost estimates of $ 15 million or more) often failed to maintain costs within their initial budgets or to complete on time. Pangyo, Seongnam Pangyo ( Korean :  판교 ; Hanja :  板橋 ) or Pangyo New Town is a planned district composed of several dongs or neighborhoods of Seongnam , South Korea. It contains Pangyo-dong , Baekhyeon-dong , Unjung-dong , and Sampyeong-dong of Bundang District and Siheung-dong and Sasong-dong of Sujeong District ( Seongnam ). The area

2325-432: The 16th century, and it was not until 1645 that the first mechanical calculator capable of performing the four basic arithmetical operations was developed. Electronic computers , using either relays or valves , began to appear in the early 1940s. The electromechanical Zuse Z3 , completed in 1941, was the world's first programmable computer, and by modern standards one of the first machines that could be considered

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2400-884: The 9000s and 9400s and serve most districts in Seoul. Bus 1150 and 5500-1 also goes through Bundang and into Central Seoul area. 1005-1 Bus goes to Central Seoul, but goes through Gangnam area, Southern Seoul, first. 9407, 9414 and 9607 go to Samsung station area, and 1500-2 goes through Bundang to Nambu Bus Terminal and Sadang station. New 8100s buses are more direct routes through Bundang to parts of Seoul. They do not stop at every station in Bundang and have select pickup stops. There are many local buses and village buses, usually green or yellow in color. Some are blue colored. They connect smaller areas with each other in, or just outside, Bundang. Bundang has an express bus terminal in Yatap-dong located near Yatap station with several bus routes throughout

2475-490: The Alpha Dome city are still in progress. Gyeongbu Expressway , Seoul Ring Expressway , and Yongin-Seoul Expressway pass through Pangyo. These three expressways are accessible through Pangyo IC (Gyeongbu Expressway) and Seopangyo IC (Yongin-Seoul Expressway), and Gyeongbu Expressway and Seoul Ring Expressway intersect at Pangyo JCT, located nearby. Bundang-Naegok City Expressway and Bundang-Suseo City Expressway, which connect

2550-623: The European-styled cafe streets serving brunch and pastas in Pangyo Avenue France, Baekhyeon-dong and Jeongja-dong reflect their culture. The city has a high percentage of parks and greenspace, most notably Bundang Central Park and Yuldong Park , which is built around the Bundang lake. The Tancheon features a jogging course. Bundang's Seoul National University Hospital is among the largest in South Korea. The name Bundang came from

2625-778: The Gyeonggi province as well as all of the Republic of Korea. There is also a bus service called the Airport Limousine with direct service to both Incheon International Airport and Gimpo Airport . Bundang Line is a commuter subway line of the Korean National Railroad . It was first constructed for the commuters of Bundang which the name 'Bundang Line' came from. It serves southeastern Seoul and Seongnam. Originally opened in September 1994 between Suseo station and Ori station , it

2700-410: The Internet alone while e-commerce a decade later resulted in $ 289 billion in sales. And as computers are rapidly becoming more sophisticated by the day, they are becoming more used as people are becoming more reliant on them during the twenty-first century. Early electronic computers such as Colossus made use of punched tape , a long strip of paper on which data was represented by a series of holes,

2775-612: The Seoul Subway at Gangnam station , has several stations with a third being constructed. Bundang is also close to Seoul Ring Expressway and Gyeongbu Expressway . Transit (commuter) buses are called Wide Area Lines in Seoul and with red color. Some buses operated by companies in Gyeonggi Province are in different colors (as in the picture below). Those buses are filled to capacity during rush hour . Buses to Seoul are numbered in

2850-540: The Techno Valley, IT companies such as NHN , Nexon , Ahnlab and SK Planet have their headquarters, while many others such as Kakao have office presences. Pangyo has been described by CNN as South Korea's Silicon Valley . The Pangyo Museum opened April, 2013, featuring various monuments related to the creation of Pangyo. Avenue France is a shopping plaza in Pangyo known for its cafes and restaurants . La Street

2925-417: The ability to transfer both plain text and formatted, as well as arbitrary files; independence of servers (in the general case, they address each other directly); sufficiently high reliability of message delivery; ease of use by humans and programs. Disadvantages of e-mail: the presence of such a phenomenon as spam (massive advertising and viral mailings); the theoretical impossibility of guaranteed delivery of

3000-516: The appearance of the term in 1990 contained within documents for the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). Innovations in technology have already revolutionized the world by the twenty-first century as people were able to access different online services. This has changed the workforce drastically as thirty percent of U.S. workers were already in careers in this profession. 136.9 million people were personally connected to

3075-567: The application of statistical and mathematical methods to decision-making , and the simulation of higher-order thinking through computer programs. The term is commonly used as a synonym for computers and computer networks , but it also encompasses other information distribution technologies such as television and telephones . Several products or services within an economy are associated with information technology, including computer hardware , software , electronics, semiconductors, internet , telecom equipment , and e-commerce . Based on

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3150-426: The central town of Bundang-dong. The name "Bundang" is a new composite prefabricated name in the 1914 Japanese occupation of the administrative area. However, it was discovered during an investigation undertaken while Bundang was being developed that the character for Dang did not correspond to the one used centuries ago. Soon after Korea was annexed by Japan , in fact, the traditional Chinese character used to write

3225-464: The computer to communicate through telephone lines and cable. The introduction of the email was considered revolutionary as "companies in one part of the world could communicate by e-mail with suppliers and buyers in another part of the world..." Not only personally, computers and technology have also revolutionized the marketing industry, resulting in more buyers of their products. During the year of 2002, Americans exceeded $ 28 billion in goods just over

3300-419: The constant pressure to do more with less is opening the door for automation to take control of at least some minor operations in large companies. Many companies now have IT departments for managing the computers , networks, and other technical areas of their businesses. Companies have also sought to integrate IT with business outcomes and decision-making through a BizOps or business operations department. In

3375-415: The country. Throughout the development process there were mass demonstrations of local residents protesting the construction, petitions, and demands for countermeasures against the redevelopment project. Despite these numerous difficulties, through dialogue and compromise residents, construction was completed with little incident. Construction began on August 30, 1989, and was completed on December 31, 1996, at

3450-431: The data they store to be accessed simultaneously by many users while maintaining its integrity. All databases are common in one point that the structure of the data they contain is defined and stored separately from the data itself, in a database schema . In recent years, the extensible markup language (XML) has become a popular format for data representation. Although XML data can be stored in normal file systems , it

3525-604: The demand for more housing continues, Bundang is expected to continue expanding. The primary site of construction was situated along a ten kilometer strip of the Gyeongbu Expressway , with the expectation that high quality homes would be built there. The government assigned the heavy responsibility of carrying out its construction plans to the Korea Land Corporation , a government-owned construction company that had carried out other large scale construction projects in

3600-597: The description of Gwangju-mok in Sinjeung Dongguk Yeoji Seungnam, there is a comment of the governor of Gwangju-mok Hwa-boo Paek, who arrived at the Naksaeng station on the way of going home in April, 1349 in the travel account by Gok Yi during the reign of King Chungjeong. Therefore, the place name Naksaeng should have been originated from the Goryeo period. Pangyo was approved for development in 2001 to alleviate

3675-494: The earliest writing systems were developed, the term information technology in its modern sense first appeared in a 1958 article published in the Harvard Business Review ; authors Harold J. Leavitt and Thomas L. Whisler commented that "the new technology does not yet have a single established name. We shall call it information technology (IT)." Their definition consists of three categories: techniques for processing,

3750-545: The emergence of information and communications technology (ICT). By the year of 1984, according to the National Westminster Bank Quarterly Review , the term information technology had been redefined as "The development of cable television was made possible by the convergence of telecommunications and computing technology (…generally known in Britain as information technology)." We then begin to see

3825-474: The excessive demand for apartments in Gangnam and central Bundang . The town was developed into an eco-friendly city with the lowest population density among newly developed cities. Pangyo was designed with large green spaces and parks along its streams. Waste facilities, energy plants, and sewage treatment facilities in the community were built to maximize energy efficiency with the use of green technology. Pangyo

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3900-404: The exponential pace of technological change (a kind of Moore's law ): machines' application-specific capacity to compute information per capita roughly doubled every 14 months between 1986 and 2007; the per capita capacity of the world's general-purpose computers doubled every 18 months during the same two decades; the global telecommunication capacity per capita doubled every 34 months;

3975-455: The field of data mining  — "the process of discovering interesting patterns and knowledge from large amounts of data"  — emerged in the late 1980s. The technology and services it provides for sending and receiving electronic messages (called "letters" or "electronic letters") over a distributed (including global) computer network. In terms of the composition of elements and the principle of operation, electronic mail practically repeats

4050-451: The first planar silicon dioxide transistors by Frosch and Derick in 1957, the MOSFET demonstration by a Bell Labs team. the planar process by Jean Hoerni in 1959, and the microprocessor invented by Ted Hoff , Federico Faggin , Masatoshi Shima , and Stanley Mazor at Intel in 1971. These important inventions led to the development of the personal computer (PC) in the 1970s, and

4125-443: The first transistorized computer developed at the University of Manchester and operational by November 1953, consumed only 150 watts in its final version. Several other breakthroughs in semiconductor technology include the integrated circuit (IC) invented by Jack Kilby at Texas Instruments and Robert Noyce at Fairchild Semiconductor in 1959, silicon dioxide surface passivation by Carl Frosch and Lincoln Derick in 1955,

4200-481: The information stored in it and delay-line memory was volatile in the fact that it had to be continuously refreshed, and thus was lost once power was removed. The earliest form of non-volatile computer storage was the magnetic drum , invented in 1932 and used in the Ferranti Mark 1 , the world's first commercially available general-purpose electronic computer. IBM introduced the first hard disk drive in 1956, as

4275-524: The introduction of computer science-related courses in K-12 education . Ideas of computer science were first mentioned before the 1950s under the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard University , where they had discussed and began thinking of computer circuits and numerical calculations. As time went on, the field of information technology and computer science became more complex and

4350-761: The jurisdiction of Seongnam , the High School Equalization Policy, ( 고교평준화제도 ), takes in place. Korea International School and Seongnam Foreign Language High school ( 성남외국어고등학교 ) are also located in Baekhyeon-dong , part of Pangyo. Pangyo has 19 schools, including: 8 primary schools, 6 middle schools, and 6 high schools. Pangyo also has a library, located in Pangyo-dong 533. Pangyo Techno Valley , Academy of Korean Studies, Korea Food Research Institute, Korea Petroleum Management Institute, and Daehan Oil Pipeline Corporation are located in Pangyo. In

4425-614: The name of Pangyo (Board Footbridge) was 'Neodeori' or 'Neoldari', meaning a footbridge made of planks of wood over the Unjungcheon (Cloud Staying Brook) originating from the west and running toward the east in the front of Pangyo, written in Chinese characters. According to Sinjeung Dongguk Yeoji Seungnam (a survey of Korean geography published in the Joseon Dynasty) in 1530, Pangyo-won, Yeokwon-gun, Gwangju-mok are recorded to be 45 ri away to

4500-764: The present day, dotted as it was with dozens of small villages. Before the early 1990s, Bundang was a large farmland of rice paddies. The local government announced on April 27, 1989, that it would undertake construction of a futuristic and environmentally conscious city with a population of 450,000 people. Sixteen dongs in the surrounding area were to be amalgamated into a single city. This would include nine dongs from Dolma- myeon : Bundang-dong, Sunae-dong, Seohyeon-dong, Jeongja-dong, Imae-dong, Yatap-dong, Dochon-dong, Yeosu-dong and Yul-dong; in addition to six dongs from Nakseng-myeon: Gumi-dong, Baekhyun-dong, Dongwon-dong, Geumgok-dong, Sampyeong-dong and Gungnae-dong; and one dong from Daewong-myeon: Sasong-dong (now Pangyo-dong ). Bundang

4575-494: The reputation of being one of the richest parts of Gyeonggi Province. Bundang is home to Gyeonggi Province 's only international banks, Citibank and HSBC . Their presence serves to further solidify Bundang's reputation as an upscale area. A total of 174 companies in Bundang employ 29,783 people. This also includes several notable corporations, including the corporate headquarters of Korea Telecom , better known as KT and leading Korean internet portal Naver as well as SK C&C ,

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4650-520: The road between Seohyeon and Sunae stations , has a lake, fountain, and several old houses, while Yuldong Park , to the east, has a larger reservoir and a bungee jumping platform, 45 m high. Bundang is also home to St. John's Church , which is one of the largest Roman Catholic buildings on the Asian continent. It is conspicuously located in the eastern part of Bundang. It employs a balance of both modern as well as gothic-style architecture , and features

4725-595: The south of the state. Therefore, it can be assumed that the use of the place name Pangyo traces back to the early Joseon Dynasty. It has been said that the place name of Naksaeng (Pleasant Life) from Naksaeng-myun has its origins in either Nakseong from the Nakseong Market or Nakseong (Defeated Castle) in that the king surrendered hearing the news of Sea-gyu Jeong, a soldier in Chungju, who was marching north to protect Namhansanseong Fortress but defeated at Pangyo. However, in

4800-503: The storage and processing technologies employed, it is possible to distinguish four distinct phases of IT development: pre-mechanical (3000 BC — 1450 AD), mechanical (1450 — 1840), electromechanical (1840 — 1940), and electronic (1940 to present). Information technology is a branch of computer science , defined as the study of procedures, structures, and the processing of various types of data. As this field continues to evolve globally, its priority and importance have grown, leading to

4875-542: The streets around Seohyeon station , the quieter, more restaurant-oriented area around Sunae station , and the junction under which lies Migeum station . The nightlife areas of Bundang are more wholesome than those in the rest of Seongnam (infamous for love hotels and places of dubious nature and the red light district in Joong-dong). Seoul National University Bundang Hospital , Bundang Cha Hospital [2] and Bundang Jesaeng Hospital are also located in Bundang. Bundang

4950-495: The suburbs Bundang and Yongin to Southern Seoul , pass through Dongpangyo. Pangyo Station of Shinbundang Line opened service to public on October 28, 2011. This subway line enables travel to Gangnam within 15 minutes. In 2016, Pangyo became the terminal station for Gyeonggang Line . The Seongnam-Yeoju Line is one of the three sections of the main-line railway that is to connect the cities of Seongnam and Mungyeong upon its expected completion in 2016. Since Pangyo lies under

5025-417: The system of regular (paper) mail, borrowing both terms (mail, letter, envelope, attachment, box, delivery, and others) and characteristic features — ease of use, message transmission delays, sufficient reliability and at the same time no guarantee of delivery. The advantages of e-mail are: easily perceived and remembered by a person addresses of the form user_name@domain_name (for example, somebody@example.com);

5100-405: The world's storage capacity per capita required roughly 40 months to double (every 3 years); and per capita broadcast information has doubled every 12.3 years. Massive amounts of data are stored worldwide every day, but unless it can be analyzed and presented effectively it essentially resides in what have been called data tombs: "data archives that are seldom visited". To address that issue,

5175-403: The worldwide capacity to store information on electronic devices grew from less than 3  exabytes in 1986 to 295 exabytes in 2007, doubling roughly every 3 years. Database Management Systems (DMS) emerged in the 1960s to address the problem of storing and retrieving large amounts of data accurately and quickly. An early such system was IBM 's Information Management System (IMS), which

5250-503: Was able to handle the processing of more data. Scholarly articles began to be published from different organizations. Looking at early computing, Alan Turing , J. Presper Eckert , and John Mauchly were considered some of the major pioneers of computer technology in the mid-1900s. Giving them such credit for their developments, most of their efforts were focused on designing the first digital computer. Along with that, topics such as artificial intelligence began to be brought up as Turing

5325-452: Was adopted as this new district's popular name. In the early 1990s, the Bundang area became a planned community as a response to alleviating the excessive demand for apartments in the similarly affluent, but much older Gangnam area. Before this period of expansion, however, there was mostly farmland in this area. There are still a few farms in the Bundang area, particularly in the Pangyo area. As

5400-492: Was beginning to question such technology of the time period. Devices have been used to aid computation for thousands of years, probably initially in the form of a tally stick . The Antikythera mechanism , dating from about the beginning of the first century BC, is generally considered the earliest known mechanical analog computer , and the earliest known geared mechanism. Comparable geared devices did not emerge in Europe until

5475-509: Was extended from Suseo to Seolleung in September 2003. It stretched 18.5 km from Seolleung to Ori, but as of 2005, it stretches from Seolleung to Bojeong. Shinbundang Line allows Bundang residents to commute to Gangnam station of Seoul in 15 min. The line was opened in October 2011 and connects with the Bundang Line at Jeongja station . Pangyo station is also on the line and it became

5550-613: Was issued by real estate speculation and apart application in the beginning. Also, it carried over that government of Seongnam declared moratorium for the first time. World class medical centers with the latest technologies such as Seoul National University Hospital , Samsung Medical Center, and Hyundai Asan Medical Center are located near Pangyo. Construction of the town began in December 2003, and phase 1 and phase 2 were completed in December 2009 and December 2010, respectively. However, construction projects such as Pangyo Techno Valley and

5625-461: Was the Manchester Baby , which ran its first program on 21 June 1948. The development of transistors in the late 1940s at Bell Laboratories allowed a new generation of computers to be designed with greatly reduced power consumption. The first commercially available stored-program computer, the Ferranti Mark I , contained 4050 valves and had a power consumption of 25 kilowatts. By comparison,

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