A barn is an agricultural building usually on farms and used for various purposes. In North America , a barn refers to structures that house livestock , including cattle and horses , as well as equipment and fodder , and often grain. As a result, the term barn is often qualified e.g. tobacco barn, dairy barn, cow house, sheep barn, potato barn. In the British Isles , the term barn is restricted mainly to storage structures for unthreshed cereals and fodder , the terms byre or shippon being applied to cow shelters, whereas horses are kept in buildings known as stables . In mainland Europe, however, barns were often part of integrated structures known as byre-dwellings (or housebarns in US literature). In addition, barns may be used for equipment storage, as a covered workplace, and for activities such as threshing .
29-444: (Redirected from Brown Huntsman Spider ) Brown huntsman spider may refer to: Heteropoda venatoria , a pantropical species of spider Heteropoda cervina , a large Australian species of spider Other species in the genus Heteropoda [REDACTED] Index of animals with the same common name This page is an index of articles on animal species (or higher taxonomic groups) with
58-416: A flat, brown body 2.2 to 2.8 cm (0.87 to 1.10 in) long, with leg spans of 7 to 10 cm (2.8 to 3.9 in). The female may be slightly larger than the male, particularly in the abdomen , but the male has longer legs and larger tips on its pedipalps . The clypeus , the area just in front of the eyes, is cream or yellowish, and the carapace behind the eyes has a wide band which is usually tan in
87-502: A hay fork mounted on a track contributed to a need for larger, more open barns, sawmills using steam power could produce smaller pieces of lumber affordably, and machine cut nails were much less expensive than hand-made (wrought) nails. Concrete block began to be used for barns in the early 20th century in the U.S. Modern barns are more typically steel buildings. From about 1900 to 1940, many large dairy barns were built in northern USA. These commonly have gambrel or hip roofs to maximize
116-462: A plowed fireguard. Many barns in the northern United States are painted barn red with a white trim. One possible reason for this is that ferric oxide , which is used to create red paint, was the cheapest and most readily available chemical for farmers in New England and nearby areas. Another possible reason is that ferric oxide acts a preservative and so painting a barn with it would help to protect
145-428: A rule, the aisled barn had large entrance doors and a passage corridor for loaded wagons. The storage floors between the central posts or in the aisles were known as bays or mows (from Middle French moye ). The main types were large barns with sideway passages, compact barns with a central entrance and smaller barns with a transverse passage. The latter also spread to Eastern Europe. Whenever stone walls were applied,
174-429: A treated wood frame (old telephone or power poles). By the 1960s it was found that cattle receive sufficient shelter from trees or wind fences (usually wooden slabs 20% open). In older style North American barns, the upper area was used to store hay and sometimes grain. This is called the mow (rhymes with cow) or the hayloft . A large door at the top of the ends of the barn could be opened up so that hay could be put in
203-400: A visual inspection of the building itself, noting (for example) reused timbers, former floors, partitions, doors and windows. The arrangement of the buildings within the farmstead can also yield valuable information on the historical farm usage and landscape value. Linear farmsteads were typical of small farms, where there was an advantage to having cattle and fodder within one building, due to
232-685: Is attested to at least sixty times in homilies and other Old English prose . The related words bere-tun and bere-flor both meant threshing floor. Bere-tun also meant granary ; the literal translation of bere-tun is "grain enclosure". While the only literary attestation of bere-hus (also granary) comes from the Dialogi of Gregory the Great , there are four known mentions of bere-tun and two of bere-flor . A Thesaurus of Old English lists bere-ærn and melu-hudern ("meal-store house") as synonyms for barn. The modern barn largely developed from
261-428: Is different from Wikidata All set index articles Heteropoda venatoria Heteropoda venatoria is a species of spider in the family Sparassidae , the huntsman spiders. It is native to the tropical regions of the world, and it is present in some subtropical areas as an introduced species . Its common names include giant crab spider , pantropical huntsman spider or cane spider . Adults have
290-541: The Southern house spider ), or sometimes wolf spiders (Not to be confused with Lycosidae , which are also called wolf spiders.) Besides insects it has been known to prey on scorpions and bats . Barn The word barn comes from the Old English bere , for barley (or grain in general), and aern , for a storage place—thus, a storehouse for barley. The word bere-ern , also spelled bern and bearn ,
319-512: The 1880s. Many barns had owl holes to allow for access by barn owls, encouraged to aid vermin control. The stable is typically the second-oldest building type on the farm. They were well built and placed near the house due to the value that the horses had as draught animals Modern granaries were built from the 18th century. Complete granary interiors, with plastered walls and wooden partitioning to grain bins, are very rare. Longhouses are an ancient building where people and animals used
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#1732858578957348-586: The aisled timber frame often gave way to single-naved buildings. A special type were byre-dwellings , which included living quarters, byres and stables, such as the Frisian farmhouse or Gulf house and the Black Forest house . Not all, however, evolved from the medieval barn. Other types descended from the prehistoric longhouse or other building traditions. One of the latter was the Low German (hall) house , in which
377-488: The area. Building methods include earth walling and thatching . Buildings in stone and brick, roofed with tile or slate, increasingly replaced buildings in clay, timber and thatch from the later 18th century. Metal roofs started to be used from the 1850s. The arrival of canals and railways brought about transportation of building materials over greater distances. Clues determining their age and historical use can be found from old maps, sale documents, estate plans, and from
406-515: The cellar or on the main level depending in the type of barn. Other common areas, or features, of an American barn include: The physics term " barn ", which is a subatomic unit of area, 10 m , came from experiments with uranium nuclei during World War II, wherein they were described colloquially as "big as a barn", with the measurement officially adopted to maintain security around nuclear weapons research. Barns have been classified by their function , structure, location, or other features. Sometimes
435-469: The colder climate. Dispersed clusters of unplanned groups were more widespread. Loose courtyard plans built around a yard were associated with bigger farms, whereas carefully laid out courtyard plans designed to minimize waste and labour were built in the latter part of the 18th century. The barns are typically the oldest and biggest buildings to be found on the farm. Many barns were converted into cow houses and fodder processing and storage buildings after
464-413: The farm and built as a log crib barn or timber frame , although stone barns were sometimes built in areas where stone was a cheaper building material. In the mid to late 19th century in the U.S. barn framing methods began to shift away from traditional timber framing to "truss framed" or "plank framed" buildings. Truss or plank framed barns reduced the number of timbers instead using dimensional lumber for
493-411: The female and cream in the male. The body is not very hairy, but the legs have erectile setae , each of which is marked with a black dot. Females produce an egg sac up to about 2.5 centimeters wide, carrying it with their pedipalps under the body. Egg sacs are variable in size, usually containing over 100 eggs, with larger ones holding over 400. The spiderlings undergo their first molt while still in
522-661: The harvest was stored in the attic. In many cases, the New World colonial barn evolved from the Low German house, which was transformed to a real barn by first generation colonists from the Netherlands and Germany. In the Yorkshire Dales , England, barns, known locally as cowhouses were built from double stone walls with truffs or throughstones acting as wall ties. In the U.S., older barns were built from timbers hewn from trees on
551-406: The loft. The hay was hoisted into the barn by a system containing pulleys and a trolley that ran along a track attached to the top ridge of the barn. Trap doors in the floor allowed animal feed to be dropped into the mangers for the animals. In New England it is common to find barns attached to the main farmhouse ( connected farm architecture ), allowing for chores to be done while sheltering
580-463: The rafters, joists, and sometimes the trusses. The joints began to become bolted or nailed instead of being mortised and tenoned. The inventor and patentee of the Jennings Barn claimed his design used less lumber, less work, less time, and less cost to build and were durable and provided more room for hay storage. Mechanization on the farm, better transportation infrastructure, and new technology like
609-618: The sac. In one small laboratory sample, the life span of the male averaged 465 days, and that of the female was 580 days. As part of its courtship behavior, the male produces a sound by vibrating its abdomen while keeping its feet firmly planted. This is faintly audible to humans as a "buzz" or "hum". The spider is not considered dangerous, but it does deliver enough venom to give a painful bite. The spider feeds on insects, which includes various species of butterflies and moths such as Deilephila elpenor . The spider captures them directly instead of spinning webs . After capturing its prey,
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#1732858578957638-466: The same common name ( vernacular name). If an internal link led you here, you may wish to edit the linking article so that it links directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Brown_huntsman_spider&oldid=1111906208 " Categories : Set index articles on animal common names Set index articles on spiders Hidden categories: Articles with short description Short description
667-416: The same building falls into multiple categories. Old farm buildings of the countryside contribute to the landscape, and help define the history of the location, i.e. how farming took place in the past, and how the area has been settled throughout the ages. They also can show the agricultural methods, building materials, and skills that were used. Most were built with materials reflecting the local geology of
696-969: The same entrance. These can still be seen, for example, in North Germany, where the Low Saxon house occurs. Few interiors of the 19th century cow houses have survived unaltered due to dairy-hygiene regulations in many countries. Old farm buildings may show the following signs of deterioration: rotting in timber-framed constructions due to damp, cracks in the masonry from movement of the walls, e.g. ground movement, roofing problems (e.g. outward thrust of it, deterioration of purlins and gable ends), foundation problems, penetration of tree roots; lime mortar being washed away due to inadequate weather-protection. Walls made of cob , earth mortars or walls with rubble cores are all highly vulnerable to water penetration, and replacement or covering of breathable materials with cement or damp-proofing materials may trap moisture within
725-478: The size of the hay loft above the dairy roof, and have become associated in the popular image of a dairy farm . The barns that were common to the wheatbelt held large numbers of pulling horses such as Clydesdales or Percherons . These large wooden barns, especially when filled with hay , could make spectacular fires that were usually total losses for the farmers. With the advent of balers it became possible to store hay and straw outdoors in stacks surrounded by
754-652: The spider injects them with venom . The venom of this spider contains the toxin HpTX2, a potassium channel blocker . In some tropical areas the spider is considered a useful resident of households because of its efficient consumption of pest insects. It commonly lives in houses and other structures such as barns and sheds , especially in areas that experience cold temperatures. It is sensitive to cold and can live outdoors only in warmer climates. In Bermuda , where they are mostly found indoors, they are generally called house spiders (which may cause its identity to be confused with
783-628: The structure. The custom of painting barns in red with white trim is widely spread in Scandinavia . Especially in Sweden the Falu red with white trims is the traditional colouring of most wooden buildings. With the popularity of tractors following World War II many barns were taken down or replaced with modern Quonset huts made of plywood or galvanized steel. Beef ranches and dairies began building smaller loftless barns often of Quonset huts or of steel walls on
812-497: The three aisled medieval barn, commonly known as tithe barn or monastic barn. This, in turn, originated in a 12th-century building tradition, also applied in halls and ecclesiastical buildings. In the 15th century several thousands of these huge barns were to be found in Western Europe. In the course of time, its construction method was adopted by normal farms and it gradually spread to simpler buildings and other rural areas. As
841-574: The worker from the weather. In the middle of the twentieth century the large broad roof of barns were sometimes painted with slogans in the United States. Most common of these were the 900 barns painted with ads for Rock City . In the past barns were often used for communal gatherings, such as barn dances . A farm may have buildings of varying shapes and sizes used to shelter large and small animals and other uses. The enclosed pens used to shelter large animals are called stalls and may be located in
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