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43-679: The language area comprises the North German states of Lower Saxony , North Rhine-Westphalia (the Westphalian part), Bremen , Hamburg , Schleswig-Holstein and Saxony-Anhalt (the northwestern areas around Magdeburg ) as well as the northeast of the Netherlands (i.e. Dutch Low Saxon , spoken in Groningen , Drenthe , Overijssel and northern Gelderland ) and the Schleswigsch dialect spoken by

86-415: A day: at breakfast, after lunch, in the evening at around 4 pm, and after dinner. Many people also drink a coffee at their place of work at the start of the day's work, and a coffee break with colleagues around an hour before or after lunch. There is also a strong tradition of taking coffee breaks and visiting cafés with friends and acquaintances. In places such as publicly funded universities where free coffee

129-941: A part of the southern boundary of the plain: the Eifel , Bergisches Land and the Sauerland . In the east the North German Plain spreads out beyond the Harz Mountains and Kyffhäuser further to the south as far as the Central Saxon hill country and the foothills of the Ore Mountains . It is known that the North German Plain was formed during the Pleistocene era as a result of the various glacial advances of terrestrial Scandinavian ice sheets as well as by periglacial geomorphologic processes. The terrain may be considered as part of

172-451: A slightly stronger tradition of hard liquor , such as corn , vodka , and schnapps . Binge drinking is far more common in the north – almost 70% of binge drinking hospitalizations on weekends happen in the eight northern provinces and states containing just 40% of the population. As in all of Germany, mulled wine is a popular alcoholic drink during the Christmas season. In

215-400: A variety of black puddings commonly eaten for brunch . Another northern German regional specialty are meatloaves ( Hackbraten ), made from a mixture of ground pork and beef and served with mashed potatoes, brown sauce and lingonberry jam. Many traditional meat-based lunch dishes are served with boiled or mashed potatoes and brown sauce. Eating brunch is very popular during weekends in

258-606: Is a linguistic, geographic, socio-cultural and historic region in the northern part of Germany which includes the coastal states of Schleswig-Holstein , Mecklenburg-Vorpommern and Lower Saxony and the two city-states Hamburg and Bremen . It contrasts with Southern Germany , Western Germany , and Eastern Germany . Northern Germany generally refers to the Sprachraum area north of the Uerdingen and Benrath line isoglosses , where Low German dialects are spoken. These comprise

301-409: Is an exception insofar as tea is largely preferred over coffee there, to the extent that East Frisians drink about 300 litres (79 US gal) of tea per capita and year, more than in any particular country. Lunch at workplaces and educational institutions in northern Germany begins very early – usually between 11:45 and 12:15 pm, and dinner is usually eaten between 7 and 8 pm. This

344-467: Is because the work and school day starts pretty early, at 8 am sharp. Lunches eaten at home during holidays and weekends usually start later – around 1 pm. The drinking culture in the north is more or less similar to that of the rest of the country, heavily based on beer with pale lagers and pilsners being favourites. Unlike Bavaria and Central Germany , dark beers or dark lagers are not at all popular in northern Germany. The north has

387-545: Is centered around boiled potatoes , rye bread, dairy products, cabbages, cucumbers, berries, jams, fish , and pork and beef . A breakfast specialty is the crispbread ( Knäckebrot ), eaten with a variety of toppings such as ham, soft cheese, cucumber, tomatoes, and liver paste. Lentil stews and soups are very popular as a working lunch. Regional specialties in Schleswig-Holstein , Mecklenburg-Vorpommern and Lower Saxony include blood sausage ( Blutwurst ) and

430-684: Is characterized by higher levels of income equality and gender equality than southern and south-western Germany. While the national federal Gini coefficient for Germany stands at around 30, the southern states have a Gini coefficient of 30.6 whereas for the Northern states the Gini coefficient stands at 27.5 which is closer to the Scandinavian average of 25. Traditional society in the western part of Northern Germany ( Schleswig-Holstein , Lower Saxony and some parts of North Rhine-Westphalia and Saxony-Anhalt ) until

473-726: Is drained by rivers that flow northwards into the North Sea or the Baltic and tributaries to the Rhine river that flows West. The Rhine, Ems , Weser , Elbe and Havel are the most important rivers which drain the North German Lowlands into the North Sea and created woods in their flood plains and folds, e.g. the Spreewald ("Spree Forest"). Only a small area of the North German Plain falls within

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516-719: Is given first. The German Football Association was founded in Leipzig in 1900. Several cities in Northern Germany have hosted matches of the 1974 FIFA World Cup , UEFA Euro 1988 and 2006 FIFA World Cup . The Nordderby ( Northern derby ) is played between Hamburger SV and SV Werder Bremen , whereas the Hamburg derby is played between Hamburger SV and FC St. Pauli . Other notable men's football clubs include Hertha Berlin , VfL Wolfsburg , Hannover 96 , Eintracht Braunschweig , F.C. Hansa Rostock , 1. FC Magdeburg . Hamburger SV won

559-457: Is not available to students, it is not uncommon for students to bring their own hot coffee in insulated flasks and drink from it intermittently. Cafés usually offer medium-fat milk and sugar cubes along with filter coffee . Commonly eaten desserts include waffles with ice cream, pancakes, the sweet bun roll with cream known as Heißwecke , and blueberry pie ( Heidelbeerkuchen ) with vanilla cream. The northwesternmost region of East Frisia

602-1173: The 1982–83 European Cup and six German championships, whereas Werder Bremen won the German championship four times and Hertha Berlin twice. In women's football, the VfL Wolfsburg won the Bundesliga three times and the UEFA Women's Champions League twice, whereas 1. FFC Turbine Potsdam won the Bundesliga six times and the UEFA Champions League twice. Notable Basketball Bundesliga teams include Alba Berlin , Basketball Löwen Braunschweig , Hamburg Towers and EWE Baskets Oldenburg . Notable Eishockey-Bundesliga teams include Eisbären Berlin , Grizzlys Wolfsburg , Hamburg Freezers , Hannover Scorpions and Fischtown Pinguins . Notable handball teams include GWD Minden , SG Flensburg-Handewitt , TuS Nettelstedt-Lübbecke , THW Kiel , Handball Hamburg , SC Magdeburg , Buxtehuder SV , VfL Oldenburg and HSG Blomberg-Lippe . Notable marathon races include

645-491: The Altes Land near Hamburg , which is characterised by relatively mild temperatures year round due to the proximity of the North Sea and lower Elbe river, providing excellent conditions for fruit production. Azonal vegetation complexes of moors, riparian forests, fens and water bodies originally stretched along the rivers Ems , Weser , Elbe , Havel and Spree . Distinctive salt marshes , tideflats and tidal reed beds in

688-859: The Berlin Marathon (one of the World Marathon Majors ), Hamburg Marathon , Hannover Marathon . Notable tennis tournaments include the Halle Open , International German Open and Sparkassen Open . Other notable competitions are the Kiel Week , EuroEyes Cyclassics and the Hanse Sail . The Olympiastadion in Berlin has hosted the 1936 Summer Olympics , 2009 IAAF World Championships in Athletics and Internationales Stadionfest . The sailing competitions for

731-890: The Early Middle Ages , Northern Germany was the settlement area of the Saxon tribes, which were subjugated by the Frankish ruler Charlemagne in the Saxon Wars from 772 onwards, whereafter the Imperial Duchy of Saxony was established in 804. In the 10th century the Saxon lands, enlarged by the Saxon Eastern March , became the cradle of the Kingdom of Germany and the Holy Roman Empire , when

774-877: The Low Saxon dialects in the west (including the Westphalian language area up to the Rhineland ), the East Low German region along the Baltic coast with Western Pomerania , the Altmark and northern Brandenburg , as well as the North Low German dialects. Although from the 19th century onwards, the use of Standard German was strongly promoted especially by the Prussian administration, Low German dialects are still present in rural areas, with an estimated number of five to eight million active speakers. However, since World War II and

817-588: The North German Confederation in the 19th century. The boundary between the spheres of political influence of Prussia (Northern Germany) and Austria (Southern Germany) within the German Confederation (1815–1866) was known as the "Main line" ( Mainlinie , after the river Main ), Frankfurt am Main being the seat of the federal assembly. The "Main line" did not follow the course of the river Main upstream of Frankfurt, rather corresponding to

860-640: The North Schleswig Germans in the southernmost part of Denmark. In the south the Benrath line and Uerdingen line isoglosses form the border with the area, where West Central German variants of High German are spoken. While Dutch is a Low Franconian language , the Dutch Low Saxon varieties form a dialect continuum with Westphalian . They consist of: A 2005 study found that there were approximately 1.8 million "daily speakers" of Low Saxon in

903-528: The estuaries existed permanently in the tidal zone of the North Sea coast. The natural vegetation of the North German Plain is thought to have been forest formed mainly by the dominant species European Beech (Fagetalia). According to Germany's Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, the BfN , the North German Plain consists of the natural regions listed below. Where possible, their names have been derived from authoritative English-language source(s), as indicated by

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946-765: The geest and heaths inland. Also prominent are the low hills of the Baltic Uplands , the ground moraines , end moraines , sandur , glacial valleys , bogs and Luch . These features were formed during the Weichselian glaciation and contrast topographically with the adjacent Central Uplands of Germany to the south, such as the Harz and Teutoburg Forest , which are occasionally counted as part of Northern Germany. Northern Germany has traditionally been dominated by Protestantism , especially Lutheranism . The two northern provinces of Schleswig-Holstein and Lower Saxony have

989-656: The 1936 and 1972 Summer Olympics were held at the Bay of Kiel. North German Plain The North German Plain or Northern Lowland ( German : Norddeutsches Tiefland ) is one of the major geographical regions of Germany . It is the German part of the North European Plain . The region is bounded by the coasts of the North Sea and the Baltic Sea to the north, Germany's Central Uplands ( die Mittelgebirge ) to

1032-555: The Börde areas (Hildesheim Börde, Magdeburg Börde, with their fertile, loess soils). High-level bog peat can be found in the poorest soils, e.g. in the Teufelsmoor . In the loess areas of the lowland are found the oldest settlement locations in Germany ( Linear Pottery culture ). The northeastern part of the plain (Young Drift) is geomorphologically distinct and contains a multitude of lakes (e.g.

1075-529: The Fulda Gap option was seen as the most likely invasion route because of easier and closer access to tactical and strategic goals important for an invasion of Western Europe. Of the two North German plain invasion options, the southern route of the attack, which had the better strategic opportunities, would have been led by the Soviet Third Shock Army . The plain's geography, which makes it suitable for

1118-631: The Mueritz lake in the Mecklenburg Lake Plateau ) which are vestiges of the last ice age. The retreating glaciers left this landscape behind around 16,000 to 13,000 years ago. In comparison, the dry plains of northwestern Germany (Lower Saxony, western Schleswig-Holstein, and the Bochum area of North Rhine Westphalia) are more heavily weathered and levelled ( Old Drift ) as the last large scale glaciations here occurred at least 130,000 years ago. The region

1161-411: The Netherlands. 53% spoke Low Saxon or Low Saxon and Dutch at home and 71% could speak it. According to another study the percentage of speakers among parents dropped from 34% in 1995 to 15% in 2011. The percentage of speakers among their children dropped from 8% to 2% in the same period. Northern Germany Northern Germany (German: Norddeutschland , [ˈnɔʁtdɔɪ̯tʃlant] )

1204-573: The Old or Young Drift ( Alt- or Jungmoräne ), depending on whether or not it was formed by the ice sheets of the last glacial period, the Weichselian Ice Age . The surface relief varies from level to undulating. The lowest points are low moorlands and old marshland on the edge of the ridge of dry land in the west of Schleswig-Holstein (the Wilster Marsh is 3.5 m (11 ft) below sea level) and in

1247-553: The catchment area of the Oder and Neiße rivers which drain into the Baltic. The North Sea coast and the adjacent coastal areas of the facing East and North Frisian Islands are characterised by a maritime climate . South of the coast, a broad band of maritime and sub-maritime climate stretches from the east coast of Schleswig-Holstein to the western edges of the Central Uplands . To

1290-569: The dukes of the Ottonian dynasty were elected King of the Romans and crowned Holy Roman Emperors . From 1500 onwards, the former Saxon territories (except for Westphalia) were incorporated into the Lower Saxon Circle of the Holy Roman Empire . The Hanseatic League is also part of the common history and culture of the cities in northern Germany. Northern Germany corresponds to the territory of

1333-460: The early 20th century was based on well-off, literate and landowning yeoman farmers owning relatively large pieces of land, making a living growing grain crops and raising dairy cattle and pigs, and a large and educated middle class in the towns and cities working in the civil service, or as businessmen, artisans, blue-collar workers and skilled workers. Thus, the proportion of serfs, landless labourers, semi-skilled industrial workers and large landlords

Low Saxon - Misplaced Pages Continue

1376-531: The former Iron Curtain and mutual prejudices regarding what once was the other side may still persist today. A number of Scottish and English Lutheran Families settled in Northern Germany between the years 1683 and 1709, with the result that many Germans in Northwest Germany can claim Scottish and English ancestry. The term northern German states is always used to refer to the following coastal federal States of Germany : In some cases, it also includes

1419-475: The highest proportion of self-reported Lutherans in Germany. Exceptions include the Catholic districts of Emsland , Cloppenburg and Vechta in the west, traditionally linked to the Catholic region of Westphalia in the south, and the southernmost region of Lower Saxony , around the city of Duderstadt , comprising part of the traditional Catholic enclave of Eichsfeld . Culturally and socially, Northern Germany

1462-576: The immigration of expellees from the former eastern territories of Germany , its prevalence has steadily reduced. Besides which, Frisian is spoken in East and North Frisia , as well as Danish (Standard and South Jutlandic ) in parts of Schleswig . The key terrain feature of Northern Germany is the North German Plain including the marshes along the coastline of the North and Baltic Seas , as well as

1505-429: The larger towns and cities. In regions nearer to the coast, fish is very popular, with pickled herring and salmon being delicacies. Drinking coffee is firmly rooted in northern Germany and the northern provinces on average consume around 8 kilograms (18 lb) of coffee per capita annually. This is more than the 6 kilograms (13 lb) of coffee per capita consumed in the south. Coffee is frequently drunk four times

1548-457: The non-coastal states of: Northern Germany as a region or as a historical landscape includes additional federal states (see geography above). Northwestern Germany is usually considered to be part of Northern Europe both culturally and geographically where as the southern states are much closer to Central European cultures. Where a city has different names in English and German, the English name

1591-504: The northern border of the Kingdom of Bavaria . Cultural or political east–west divisions have existed in northern Germany since at least the early modern period, when During the Cold War of the second half of the 20th century, a cultural division of northern Germany into an Eastern and a Western part has become more pronounced due to the 1949–1990 division of all of Germany into West Germany and East Germany , where identities based upon

1634-923: The northwest of Lower Saxony (Freepsum, 2.3 m (7.5 ft) below sea level). The highest points may be referred to as Vistula and Hall glaciation terminal moraines (depending on the ice age which formed them) – e.g., on the Fläming Heath (200 m (660 ft) above sea level) and the Helpt Hills 179 m (587 ft)). Following the ice ages, rain-fed, raised bogs originated in western and northern Lower Saxony during warm periods of high precipitation (as influenced by Medieval Warm Period). These bogs were formerly widespread but much of this terrain has now been drained or otherwise superseded. The coastal areas consist of Holocene lake and river marshes and lagoons connected to Pleistocene Old and Young Drift terrain in various stages of formation and weathering. After or during

1677-580: The references. During the Cold War , in the event of war between NATO and the Warsaw Pact , NATO military strategists identified the North German plain as an area that could have been used for two of three major invasion routes into Western Europe by Warsaw Pact forces. The third route was the Fulda Gap further south. The North German plain routes were the best attack options for an attacking army. However,

1720-487: The retreat of the glaciers, wind-borne sand often formed dunes, which were later fixed by vegetation. Human intervention caused the emergence of open heath such as the Lüneburg Heath , and measures such as deforestation and the so-called Plaggenhieb (removal of the topsoil for use as fertilizer elsewhere) caused a wide impoverishment of the soil ( Podsol ). The most fertile soils are the young marshes ( Auen-Vegen ) and

1763-549: The south east and east, the climate becomes increasingly subcontinental: characterised by temperature differences between summer and winter which progressively increase away from the tempering effect of the ocean. Locally, a drier continental climate can be found in the rain shadow of the Harz and some smaller areas of upland like the Drawehn and the Fläming . Special microclimates occur in bogs and heathlands and, for example, in

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1806-417: The south, by the Netherlands to the west and Poland to the east. In the west, the southern boundary of the North German Plain is formed by the Lower Saxon Hills : specifically the ridge of the Teutoburg Forest , the Wiehen Hills , the Weser Hills and the Lower Saxon Börde, which partly separate it from that area of the Plain known as the Westphalian Lowland . Elements of the Rhenish Massif also act

1849-406: Was relatively smaller, making for a more stable society than elsewhere in Germany like the Rhineland region and the region east of the Elbe river. Additionally, Northern cities like Hamburg , Bremen and Rostock have always been economic powerhouses of trade and commerce and have had a long tradition of innovation and creativity in business and industry. The traditional northern German daily diet

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