58-549: (Redirected from Broad Street Station ) Broad Street Station may refer to: Broad Street railway station (England) , a former station in London, England Newark Broad Street Station , a station in Newark, New Jersey, United States The former name of Military Park (NLR station) , renamed when the system was extended to the above station Broad Street station (BMT Nassau Street Line) ,
116-406: A Second Empire style roof. The frontage was 250 feet (76 m) long and 110 feet (34 m) wide, constructed from white Suffolk brick and Peterhead granite, with a 75-foot (23 m) clock tower as a centrepiece. Initial services were to Chalk Farm , Bow and Kew via Hampstead Heath . Services to Watford began on 1 September 1866. Cheap fares for the working class were available from
174-421: A stagecoach shuttle service linking the two parts to allow through journeys to London. The line was officially fully opened on 17 September 1838, with the first passenger train from London to Birmingham arriving that day. The first London-to-Birmingham trains took 5 + 1 ⁄ 2 hours to complete the 112 + 1 ⁄ 2 -mile (181.1 km) journey. It has often been claimed that initially, owing to
232-450: A fixed engine and endless rope are used, for they can and have done so, but because the Company are restricted, by their Act of Parliament, from running locomotive engines nearer London than Camden Town." The railway opened from Euston on 20 July 1837; the stationary engines and rope haulage did not commence until 27 September, and handled all trains from 14 October 1837. Until then, and whenever
290-678: A more direct line from London to Liverpool and Manchester by avoiding the original route through Birmingham. The Rugby and Stamford Railway , a further branch into the Eastern Counties was approved in 1846. In July 1846 the L&;BR merged with the Grand Junction Railway and the Manchester and Birmingham Railway to form the London and North Western Railway , which in turn was later absorbed into
348-413: A number of days. Similar disruption occurred on 13 October and 11 November. The service to Shoreditch closed in 1940, while the service to Poplar was withdrawn on 14 May 1944 and never reinstated. A number of peak-season mainline trains to Cambridge used Broad Street to take pressure off King's Cross in the early 1950s, but otherwise only a small number of local services remained. The main station building
406-495: A result of the plague, or burial pits from Bethlehem Hospital . The overall cost of the station and extension was £1.2m (£145m in 2023). The station was opened on 1 November 1865 as the terminus of a network of commuter railways linking east and west London via the looping route of the NLR, originally with seven platforms and three approach tracks. The main building was designed by William Baker and constructed in an Italianate style and
464-623: A short space of time. A fourth approach line was added in 1874, a further (eighth) platform in 1891, and a final (ninth) platform in 1913. Two covered footbridges were added at the front of the main building in 1890 in order to provide direct access from the street to the platforms. At its peak at the turn of the 20th century, Broad Street was the third-busiest station in London (after Liverpool Street and Victoria ). At this time, more than one train per minute arrived or departed Broad Street during rush hour, with over 27 million passengers in 1902. The Great Northern Railway also used Broad Street as
522-632: A station in the New York City Subway system Broad Street Station (Philadelphia) , a former station in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States Broad Street Station (Richmond) , a former station in Richmond, Virginia, United States [REDACTED] Topics referred to by the same term This disambiguation page lists articles about railway and public transport stations with the same name. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change
580-450: A supplement to its King's Cross terminal to the west. On 1 February 1910, the LNWR introduced a "City to City" service from Broad Street to Coventry , Birmingham New Street and Wolverhampton . The service only lasted for a few years, before being withdrawn on 22 February 1915 as a result of World War I . Nevertheless, the majority of Broad Street's traffic was local suburban services. In
638-408: Is located one mile (1.6 km) outside the town centre, at Boxmoor . Peter Lecount, an assistant engineer of the London and Birmingham railway, produced a number of – possibly hyperbolic – comparisons in an effort to demonstrate that the London and Birmingham Railway was "the greatest public work ever executed either in ancient or modern times". In particular, he suggested that the effort to build
SECTION 10
#1732851540891696-561: The Birmingham and Derby Junction Railway at Hampton-in-Arden between Coventry and Birmingham. In 1845, the Northampton and Peterborough Railway , a 47-mile (76 km) branch from the main line, was opened from Blisworth . Also in 1845 branch lines, from Bletchley to Bedford and from Leighton to Dunstable , were leased; they opened in 1846 and 1848. The ' London and Birmingham Railway Act 1845 ( 8 & 9 Vict. c. clvi) authorised
754-622: The Broad Street ward of the City of London , with Liverpool Street station immediately to the east. It was near Liverpool Street and Moorgate tube stations. The station was proposed by the North London Railway (NLR). The line originally opened as the East & West India Docks & Birmingham Junction Railway in 1850, in order to transport freight between the London and Birmingham Railway and
812-399: The Grand Junction Railway (GJR), whose adjacent platforms gave an interchange with full connectivity (with through carriages) between Liverpool , Manchester and London. As early as 1823, a company was formed with the objective of building a railway between London and Birmingham, and in 1826, the engineer John Rennie surveyed a route through Oxford and Banbury , a route later taken by
870-646: The Great Pyramid of Giza amounted to the lifting of 15,733,000,000 cu ft (445,500,000 m ) of stone by 1 foot (0.305 m). The railway, excluding a long string of tasks (drainage, ballasting, and so on) involved the lifting of 25,000,000,000 cu ft (710,000,000 m ) of material reduced to the weight of stone used in the pyramid. The pyramid involved, he says, the effort of 300,000 men (according to Diodorus Siculus ) or 100,000 (according to Herodotus ) for twenty years. The railway involved 20,000 men for five years. In passing, he also noted that
928-498: The Great Western Railway . In 1829 a rival company was formed by Francis Giles who proposed building a line through Watford Gap and Coventry . Neither company obtained backing for its scheme, and in late 1830 the two companies decided to merge. The new company appointed Robert Stephenson chief engineer, and after preparing a detailed survey, he chose the route through Watford Gap, largely to avoid possible flooding from
986-460: The House of Lords to "the forcing of the proposed railway through the land and property of so great a proportion of dissentient landowners." The L&BR company's first application for an act of Parliament to construct the line was rejected in 1832, due to pressure from landowners and road and canal interests. The railway route proposals through Hertfordshire were modified; a second parliamentary bill
1044-521: The Kilsby Tunnel in Northamptonshire delayed the opening. The first part of the line between Euston Station and Boxmoor ( Hemel Hempstead ) opened on 20 July 1837. Services were extended to Tring on 16 October 1837. On 9 April 1838 the company opened the north end of the line, between Birmingham and Rugby, and the south end from London to a temporary station at Denbigh Hall near Bletchley with
1102-633: The LNWR in 1846. The Warwick and Leamington Union Railway , a branch of almost nine miles (14 km) between Coventry and Leamington, was purchased by the L&BR in 1843 and opened in 1844. From 1840, when the Midland Counties Railway made a junction to its line at Rugby, the L&BR also provided through connections from London to the East Midlands and the North East. It also made connections to
1160-571: The London Docklands . By the time it had been renamed to the NLR in 1853, passenger traffic had grown in equal importance, so it was decided to build a station with direct access to the City. The London and North Western Railway (LNWR) was also keen to have a goods depot in the City, and agreed to help the NLR fund the new extension. The connecting line to Broad Street (via the Kingsland Viaduct )
1218-751: The London Midland and Scottish Railway , before finally passing into the hands of the nationalised British Railways in 1948 to become part of the West Coast Main Line as it is known today. The major change to the line during this period was electrification, which was carried out during the mid-1960s as part of BR's Modernisation Plan. Neither of the L&BR's original termini, both designed by Philip Hardwick , has survived in its original form. Curzon Street station in Birmingham closed to passenger traffic in 1854 (the original entrance building remains) when it
SECTION 20
#17328515408911276-475: The River Thames at Oxford. The prospectus for the London and Birmingham Railway offered the following inducements to potential investors: First, the opening of new and distant sources of supply of provisions to the metropolis; Second, Easy, cheap and expeditious travelling; Third; The rapid and economical interchange of the great articles of consumption and of commerce, both internal and external; and Lastly,
1334-578: The Great Eastern Street viaduct to Broad Street has been used as a location for artists' studios, housed in converted Jubilee line Underground trains . The Crossrail project, now called the Elizabeth Line , to construct a new underground railway line through central London, has one of its stations at Liverpool Street. A new ticket hall serving the Elizabeth Line station has been built within
1392-589: The L&BR to lease the West London Railway , and this took effect from 1846 (jointly with the GWR ). The West London Railway has opened in 1844 between Willesden Junction and the canal basin at Kensington. The L&BR purchased the Trent Valley Railway in 1846 on behalf of the LNWR ; this fifty-mile (80 km) line connected Rugby on the L&BR with Stafford on the Grand Junction Railway thus creating
1450-510: The NLR and the London and North Western Railway (LNWR) in order to have a station serving freight closer to the City. It was immediately successful for both goods and passenger services, and saw a significant increase in NLR traffic. Usage peaked in the early 20th century, after which it suffered from competition from London trams , buses and, especially, the London Underground network. Patronage gradually fell and services decreased, while
1508-467: The building became increasingly dilapidated. Freight services were withdrawn towards the end of the 1960s and the station closed in 1986. The station building was replaced by Broadgate , an office and retail complex, while part of the connecting line to the station was reinstated in 2010 as part of the London Overground . The station was sited at the junction of Broad Street and Liverpool Street in
1566-617: The company would provide locomotives to Bury's specification, while he would maintain them in good repair and convey each passenger and each ton of goods for a fixed sum at a speed not to exceed 22 + 1 ⁄ 2 miles per hour (36.2 km/h). Bury provided specifications and drawings for a passenger and a goods engine, and by mid-1841 the L&BR was equipped with sixty 2-2-0 passenger engines and thirty 0-4-0 goods engines. They all had inside cylinders and dome-topped fireboxes, and were mounted on inside bar-frames; they were manufactured by seven different firms, including Bury's own. Working
1624-440: The connexion by railways, of London with Liverpool, the rich pastures of the centre of England, and the greatest manufacturing districts; and, through the port of Liverpool, to afford a most expeditious communication with Ireland. The company was created with an initial capitalisation of £5,500,000. Much of the subscribed funds came from Lancashire, where great profits were being made in the cotton industries. The construction of
1682-425: The cost of the railway in penny pieces, was enough to more than form a belt of pennies around the equator; and the amount of material moved would be enough to build a wall 1 foot (305 mm) high by one foot wide, more than three times around the equator. The line had been planned to open at the same time as the Grand Junction Railway which entered Birmingham from the north. However great difficulty in constructing
1740-501: The early years of the 20th century, the North London Line suffered a reduction in passengers and, especially, revenue, owing to the expansion of the bus , tram and Underground networks. In 1909, the NLR passed general handling of trains to the LNWR. By 1913, numbers had dropped to 44.6 per cent compared to 1900, and by 1921 to only 23.3 per cent and the patronage of Broad Street station declined accordingly. On 8 September 1915,
1798-466: The lack of power available to early locomotives, trains from Euston were cable-hauled up the relatively steep incline to Camden by a stationary steam engine . However, this was denied by Peter Lecount , one of the L&BR engineers, who wrote in his 'History of the Railway connecting London and Birmingham' (1839), page 48: "It is not because locomotives cannot draw a train of carriages up this incline that
Broad Street station - Misplaced Pages Continue
1856-603: The line by contract never worked in practice, because of the unforeseen ever-increasing traffic and the demand for higher speeds, so in July 1839 the contract was annulled, and thereafter Bury was engaged as manager of the Locomotive Department in the normal way, on a fixed salary with a profits bonus. By the end of the L&BR's separate existence in July 1846, the total stock was about 120 locomotives; some six-wheeled engines had been acquired, but some of these proved inferior to
1914-571: The line was the subject of much opposition by landowners, who organised a campaign in the early 1830s to prevent the L&BR from driving a line across their estates. Turbulent public meetings were held in towns in west Hertfordshire to protest against the project, including one held at the King's Arms public house in Berkhamsted . Another was held in Watford which was attended by wealthy and influential peers of
1972-422: The link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Broad_Street_station&oldid=1169616028 " Category : Station disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Broad Street railway station (England) Broad Street
2030-576: The major part of the train shed roof was removed, having become unsafe, while goods services were withdrawn on 27 January 1969. Four of the nine platforms were taken out of use in the same year. On 6 November 1976, peak-hour services to the Eastern Region via the Canonbury Spur were withdrawn with the opening of the Northern City Line , and an additional platform was disconnected. The station
2088-510: The morning peak. From 13 May 1985, the service to Richmond was diverted away from Broad Street, leaving the peak hour Watford Junction services. It was agreed that Broad Street would be closed, trains being diverted to Liverpool Street once a new connecting chord was built from the North London Line. Until this was done, it was possible to accommodate this last service from the outer end of one platform, and, in November that year, demolition of
2146-525: The old Underground ticket hall with its entrance at 100 Liverpool Street, the old entrance to the Underground that served Broad Street, with the platforms themselves under the Broadgate complex. A feature of the concourse was the 10-foot-tall (3.0 m) North London Railway war memorial . Made of white marble, it was installed on 10 February 1921, containing inscriptions of 64 names. The memorial commemorated
2204-541: The original four-wheelers. The locomotive workshops were established in 1838 at Wolverton , roughly halfway between the two termini at London and Birmingham. These workshops remained in use for locomotive repairs until 1877, but had been gradually taken over by the Carriage Dept from 1864, and remained as a manufacturing facility up until the 1980s; today just a few parts of the original Wolverton railway works are used solely for rolling stock maintenance and repair. When
2262-429: The outset. A goods station was built next to the passenger station, opening to traffic on 18 May 1868. It was constructed on a deck , and a hydraulic lift was provided to move wagons down to warehouses below. Because of this, the station used only 2.5 acres (1.0 ha) of land, which was convenient owing to the high price of land in the City. Broad Street was an immediate success and caused NLR traffic to double in
2320-460: The ownership of the London, Midland and Scottish Railway as part of the Big Four grouping in 1923. The former GNR services from Broad Street were stopped completely in 1939 in order to accommodate essential World War II traffic. Broad Street was badly damaged during the war. The lines leading to the station were taken out of action after an overnight raid on 3–4 October 1940, closing the station for
2378-451: The railway was fully opened, it had sixteen intermediate stations between London and Birmingham. The "first-class" stations (served by all trains) were at Watford , Tring , Leighton , Wolverton , Blisworth , Weedon , Rugby and Coventry . Additionally, "second-class" intermediate stations (served by slower second-class trains only) were at Harrow , Boxmoor , Berkhamsted , Bletchley , Roade , Crick , Brandon and Hampton . Roade
Broad Street station - Misplaced Pages Continue
2436-490: The realm who had property interests on the planned route of the line: the Earl of Essex was keen to protect his Cassiobury Estate from invasion by the " iron horse ", as was the Earl of Clarendon , who owned The Grove Estate . The anatomist Sir Astley Cooper was also in attendance, intent on preventing the new railway from cutting across his Gadebridge Estate. On 22 June 1832, Lord Brownlow of Ashridge voiced his opposition in
2494-453: The rope system was stopped for repairs, locomotives hauled the trains up the incline. From November 1843 some expresses were worked without recourse to the rope, and from 15 July 1844 the rope working ceased permanently. Initially, it was decided that it would be cheaper to work the railway by a contractor, and Edward Bury was chosen and awarded the contract in May 1836. The contract stipulated that
2552-513: The route from Watford to the City, was closed at the same time. Broad Street station was completely demolished and replaced by the Broadgate office and shopping complex. Most of the Kingsland Viaduct leading to the North London Line remains largely intact, and has been restored to carry the London Overground along the old trackbed as far as Highbury & Islington . The former line over
2610-422: The station began. The remaining single platform was used until 27 June 1986. The station was formally closed on 30 June, along with Dalston Junction , the other station serving the North London Line's City branch. Demolition of the station was completed by the end of 1986. The service from Watford to Liverpool Street was withdrawn on 28 September 1992. Primrose Hill station , the only station exclusively served by
2668-499: The station was damaged by a Zeppelin attack. In the face of the competition, the governing board finally decided to electrify the NLR, on the two-conductor-rail at 600 V DC system, and electrified passenger services started on 1 October 1916, using Oerlikon rolling stock, though the Watford service was not electrified until 10 July 1922. At the terminus, only the western five lines were ever electrified. Electrification appeared to stem
2726-425: The station. In one of the last scenes of the film, McCartney walks into the station and sits alone on one of its benches. Broad Street is the target of an unsuccessful IRA bombing in television spy drama Spooks ; although set in 2002, Broad Street had been closed 16 years prior. Shots of Marylebone station were used. London and Birmingham Railway The London and Birmingham Railway ( L&BR )
2784-487: The three morning peak hours. The line and station came in for criticism in the Beeching Report of 1963, whose recommendations resulted in the closing of many branch lines and stations across the country. Though Broad Street itself was not specifically listed for closure, it was earmarked as "stopping passenger services to be modified". The station was gradually run down and the level of service steadily reduced. In 1967
2842-532: The tide of passenger losses. Electric services to Richmond and Kew began on 1 October 1916, followed by peak services to Watford on 16 April 1917. The latter were increased to all-day services on 10 July 1922. By this time, there were four trains per hour to Richmond and two per hour to Watford. Steam services continued to Poplar , with a peak service to Tring . These latter trains continued to use old livery, without modern conveniences such as heating and electric light, and were unpopular. The station came under
2900-507: The workers of the North London Railway company who lost their lives in ' The Great War '. Upon closure, the memorial was put in store at Richmond station in 1989. On 7 June 2011, it was rededicated outside Hoxton station by Rev James Westcott of St. Chad's Church and London's transport commissioner Peter Hendy . Paul McCartney 's 1984 feature film and album of the same name, Give My Regards to Broad Street , makes reference to
2958-413: Was a major rail terminal in the City of London , adjacent to Liverpool Street station . It served as the main terminus of the North London Railway (NLR) network, running from 1865 to 1986. During its lifetime, it catered for mainly local suburban services around London, and over time struggled to compete with other modes of transport, leading to its closure. The station was built as a joint venture by
SECTION 50
#17328515408913016-674: Was a railway company in the United Kingdom , in operation from 1833 to 1846, when it became part of the London and North Western Railway (L&NWR). The 112-mile (180 km) railway line which the company opened in 1838, between London and Birmingham , was the first intercity line to be built into London. It is now the southern section of the West Coast Main Line . The line was engineered by Robert Stephenson . It started at Euston Station in London, went north-west to Rugby , where it turned west to Coventry and on to Birmingham. It terminated at Curzon Street Station , which it shared with
3074-556: Was approved in May 1833 as the London and Birmingham Railway Act 1833 ( 3 & 4 Will. 4 . c. xxxvi), and the line received royal assent . Construction began in November of that year. The line would follow the River Bulbourne instead of the River Gade , skirting around the edge of Hemel Hempstead to protect Sir Astley Cooper's interests; for this reason, Hemel Hempstead railway station
3132-461: Was authorised by the North London Railway (City Branch) Act 1861 ( 24 & 25 Vict. c. cxcvi) of 22 July 1861. The work involved a 2-mile (3 km) extension from Kingsland down towards Broad Street, and required the demolition of numerous properties in Shoreditch and Haggerston . During construction of the terminus, a large burial ground was unearthed, exposing human remains. This may have been
3190-470: Was by then very dilapidated, with vegetation growing between disused platforms, and most of the old goods area was used as a car park. In 1979, British Rail was granted planning permission to completely redevelop Broad Street and Liverpool Street stations, and the latter took over the former's few services still remaining. This put Broad Street into a terminal decline. By 1985, 6,000 passengers per week were using Broad Street station and 300 arrived daily in
3248-461: Was closed in 1957, after which passengers were directed to a new concourse-level hut at the platform entrance to buy tickets. Curving around the north of London before turning south into the City, the North London Line was, for most passengers, a slower route into the financial district than alternative options like taking the Underground or changing at Euston or King's Cross. By 1960, only 41 trains carrying 6,400 passengers arrived at Broad Street in
3306-490: Was later redesignated as first-class due to its stagecoach connections. From about 1844 platforms were opened at Camden for tickets to be collected on southbound trains. This became a public station in 1851. The first branch from the main line was the Aylesbury Railway at Aylesbury Railway Junction , seven miles (11 km) of single track, which opened in 1839 and was leased to the L&BR until purchased outright by
3364-445: Was replaced by New Street station and the original Euston station in London was demolished in 1962 to make way for the present structure which opened in 1968. On the closure of Curzon Street as a passenger station, the site became the London and North Western Railway goods depot (Birmingham) and became fully operational in 1865. The Curzon Street goods site continued railway operations as a parcel depot until 1966. The remaining parts of
#890109