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37-588: The bibliography was first published in 1950, by the Council of the British National Bibliography under the editorship of A.J (Jack) Wells. Initial production was from a bomb-damaged building at 39 Russell Square . In 1964 a move was made to 7 Bedford Square together with office space in Ridgmount Street . In 1967 the office moved to 7/9 Rathbone Street . From 1974 BNB became part of and published by

74-487: A design by Charles Fitzroy Doll , dominates (its builders were connected with the company which created RMS Titanic ), alongside the Imperial Hotel , which was also designed by Charles Fitzroy Doll and built from 1905 to 1911. The old Imperial building was demolished in 1967. The square contained large terraced houses aimed mainly at upper-middle-class families. A number of the original houses survive, especially on

111-500: A garden becomes accessible to the public at large. The archetypal garden square is surrounded by tall terraced houses and other types of townhouse . Because it is designed for the amenity of surrounding residents, it is subtly distinguished from a town square designed to be a public gathering place: due to its inherent private history, it may have a pattern of dedicated footpaths and tends to have considerably more plants than hard surfaces or large monuments. At their conception in

148-777: A public private partnership between the Department of Parks and Recreation and the Fitler Square Improvement Association. In Boston tens of squares exist, some having a mainly residential use. The Kingstowne development in Fairfax County, Virginia , near Washington, DC , contains several townhouse complexes built around garden squares. In Africa, garden squares are rare. Many squares and parks in Africa were constructed during colonial rule, along with European-styled architecture. A well-known square like this in Africa

185-404: Is Stamford who subsequently introduces Dr Watson to Sherlock Holmes.) 51°31′18″N 0°7′34″W  /  51.52167°N 0.12611°W  / 51.52167; -0.12611 Garden square A garden square is a type of communal garden in an urban area wholly or substantially surrounded by buildings; commonly, it continues to be applied to public and private parks formed after such

222-479: Is famous for them; they are described as one of the glories of the capital. Many were built or rebuilt during the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, at the height of Georgian architecture , and are surrounded by townhouses . Large projects, such as the Bedford Estate , included garden squares in their development. The Notting Hill and Bloomsbury neighbourhoods both have many garden squares, with

259-625: The London Borough of Camden , built predominantly by the firm of James Burton . It is near the University of London 's main buildings and the British Museum . Almost exactly square, to the north is Woburn Place and to the south-east is Southampton Row . Russell Square tube station sits to the north-east. It is named after the surname of the Earls and Dukes of Bedford ; the freehold remains with

296-646: The London Mathematical Society moved from rooms in Burlington House to De Morgan House, at 57–58 Russell Square, in order to accommodate staff expansion. The Cabmen's Shelter Fund was established in London in 1875 to run shelters for the drivers of hansom cabs and later hackney carriages (and taxicabs ). In 2002, the square was re-landscaped in a style based on the original early 19th century layout by Humphry Repton (1752–1818). Since 2004,

333-801: The Place de la République . The enclosed garden terraces ( French: jardins terrasses ) and courtyards ( French: cours ) of some French former palaces have resulted in redevelopments into spaces equivalent to garden squares. The same former single-owner scenario applies to at least one garden square in London ( Coleridge Square ). Grandiose instances of garden-use town squares are a part of many French cities, others opt for solid material town squares. The Square de Meeûs and Square Orban are notable examples in Brussels. Dublin has several Georgian examples, including Merrion Square , Fitzwilliam Square , Mountjoy Square , St Stephens Green and Parnell Square . Perhaps

370-447: The 18th edition of DDC, and it has followed new editions since that time. A principal reason for deciding to adopt DDC 18 was the discovery that the sometimes manually adapted chain indexing, which depended on the structured unofficial schedule of DDC 14 could not be reliably computerized. From January 1974, BNB adopted a new indexing system: PRECIS (PREserved Context Indexing System) which was developed by Derek Austin out of research by

407-585: The 19th century, with notable exceptions below. Rittenhouse Square in the Center City, Philadelphia encases a public garden, one of the five original open-space parks planned by William Penn and his surveyor Thomas Holme during the late 17th century. It was first named Southwest Square. Nearby Fitler Square is a similar garden square named for late 19th century Philadelphia mayor Edwin Henry Fitler shortly after his death in 1896. The Square, cared for through

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444-636: The 20th century, many garden squares that were previously accessible only to defined residents became accessible to the public. Those in central urban locations, such as Leicester Square in London's West End, have become indistinguishable from town squares. Others, while publicly accessible, are largely used by local residents and retain the character of garden squares or small communal parks. Many private squares, even in busy locations, remain private, such as Portman Square in Marylebone in London, despite its proximity to London's busiest shopping districts. London

481-494: The Belgian writer Stanislas-André Steeman . In John Dickson Carr 's detective novel The Hollow Man , the victim, Professor Grimaud, lives in a house on the western side of Russell Square. In Alan Hollinghurst 's novel The Swimming Pool Library (1988), the protagonist William Beckwith spends time here with his lover who works in a hotel overlooking the square. In chapter 6 ("Rendezvous") of John Wyndham 's novel The Day of

518-686: The Bibliographic Services Division of the British Library with a further office move to 14 Store Street adjacent to the Library Association (later CILIP )'s Ridgmount Street offices. In 1981 production was transferred to Novello House on the corner of Wardour Street and Sheraton Street (adjacent to the British Library's then Central Administration offices), and in 1992 from London to the British Library's northern site on

555-553: The Classification Research Group into the theoretical basis for a new general classification scheme. Initial subject analysis by PRECIS indexers formed the basis of the entire subject package comprising index entries and references, DDC numbers, Library of Congress Classification numbers and Library of Congress Subject Headings . Russell Square Russell Square is a large garden square in Bloomsbury , in

592-470: The Earls and Dukes of Bedford , who developed the family's London landholdings in the 17th and 18th centuries. Between 1805 and 1830, Thomas Lawrence had a studio at number 65. Other past residents include the famous 19th-century architectural father-and-son partnership, Philip and Philip Charles Hardwick , who lived at number 60 in the 1850s. On the eastern side the Hotel Russell , built in 1898 to

629-571: The HQ of the British Medical Association on Tavistock Square . In condolence and commemoration the public and public institutions laid flowers at both squares; Tavistock Square has a later monument. In 2016 the Russell Square stabbing took place. Following the demolition of Bedford House , Russell Square and Bedford Square were laid out in 1804. The square is named after the surname of

666-598: The Thorp Arch Trading Estate near to Boston Spa where it became the National Bibliographic Service. As a printed publication it was a subject catalogue accompanied by various indexes. The weekly issues were cumulated during each year and then into an annual volume. Some of the cumulations were for three year periods and as the volume of entries increased the indexes became separate volumes. The entries were based on printed publications received at

703-512: The Triffids (1951) the main characters William (Bill) Masen and Josella Playton are photographed by Elspeth Cary in Russell Square while practicing with triffid guns. In Ben Aaronovitch ’s Peter Grant books, the first of which is The Rivers of London (also known as Midnight Riot ), The Folly – headquarters of British wizardry – is located in Russell Square. Russell Square is the location of

740-522: The copyright deposit law. The BNB operated a catalogue card service to libraries which was used by many public and other libraries. BNB's first intake was classified using the (then current) 14th edition of the Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC) but it was considered to be inadequate in specificity, currency and consistency to express the range of subjects to be found in the year's expected intake of around 15,000 items. The editor A. J. Wells

777-646: The copyright receipt office of the British Library (of the British Museum before 1973). Certain printed materials were excluded: periodical publications (except the first issue of each), printed maps, music (covered from 1957 by the British Catalogue of Music), and some government publications. However publications of publishers in the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland were included as these were subject to

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814-428: The early 17th century, each such garden was a private communal amenity for the residents of the overlooking houses akin to a garden courtyard within a palace or community. Such community courtyards date back to at least Ur in 2000 BC where two-storey houses were built of fired brick around an open square. Kitchen , working, and public spaces were located on the ground floor, with private rooms located upstairs. In

851-463: The early chapters of Thackeray 's Vanity Fair (1848), set in about 1812, Russell Square is evoked as the residence of "John Sedley, Esquire, of Russell Square, and the Stock Exchange ." Virginia Woolf set many scenes of her novel Night and Day (1919) in Russell Square. Jenny Chawleigh, daughter of business man Jonathan Chawleigh, lives with her father in Russell Square before she marries

888-556: The eponymous bookshop in the Channel 4 sitcom Black Books . In the BBC's 2010 'Sherlock' episode entitled "A Study in Pink", Russell Square is the park in which the character of Dr Watson (Freeman) was re-acquainted with his previous classmate Mike Stamford (Nellist). The Imperial Hotel façade that lines Russell Square served as a backdrop for the park-bench conversation between Watson and Stamford. (It

925-467: The former mostly still restricted to residents, and the latter open to all. Other UK cities prominent in the Georgian era such as Edinburgh , Bath , Bristol and Leeds have several garden squares. Householders with access to a private garden square are commonly required to pay a maintenance levy. Normally the charge is set annually by a garden committee. Sometimes private garden squares are opened to

962-452: The latter's conservation trusts who have agreed public access and management by Camden Council. The gardens are in the mainstream, initial category (of Grade II listing) on the Register of Historic Parks and Gardens . In 2005, two terrorist bombings occurred nearby; one on a tube train between Kings Cross St Pancras and Russell Square , the other on a bus (Route 30, on diversion) outside

999-591: The most famous garden square in the United States is Gramercy Park in southern Midtown Manhattan . Famously, it has remained private and gated throughout its existence; possession of a key to the park is a jealously guarded privilege that only certain local residents enjoy. The tradition of fee simple land ownership in American cities has made collective amenities such as garden squares comparatively rare. Very few sub-dividers and developers included them in plats during

1036-435: The much reduced and partly restructured 15th edition of DDC was published in 1951 BNB continued to use its own extended DDC 14 while adopting some new numbers that covered emerging concepts. Similarly, on the publication of the 16th edition of DDC in 1958 BNB incorporated new numbers that provided useful extensions to those in its own extended schedule of DDC 14. In 1960 BNB refined its faceted extensions to DDC 14 numbers through

1073-599: The outset, is the Square René Viviani . Gardens substantially cover a few of the famous Places in the capital; instead, the majority are paved and replete with profoundly hard materials such as Place de la Concorde . Inspired by ecological interests and a 21st-century focus on pollution mitigation, an increasing number of the Places in Paris today many have a focal tree or surrounding raised flower beds/and or rows of trees such as

1110-681: The protagonist, Captain Adam Deveril (Viscount Lynton), in Georgette Heyer's Regency romance novel " A Civil Contract ", published in 1961. They converse about the history of the Square on Lord Lynton's first visit to the house, and Mr. Chawleigh is not impressed with the statue of the Duke of Bedford. 21 Russell Square is the murderer's street address in the novel (but not in the movie adaptation ) The Murderer Lives at Number 21 ( L'Assassin habite au 21 ) by

1147-530: The public, such as during Open Garden Squares Weekend. Privately owned squares which survived the decades after the French Revolution and 19th century Haussmann's renovation of Paris include the Place des Vosges and Square des Épinettes in Paris. The Place des Vosges was a fashionable and expensive square to live in during the 17th and 18th centuries, and one of the central reasons that Le Marais district became so fashionable for French nobility. It

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1184-507: The southern and western sides. Those to the west are occupied by the University of London , and there is a blue plaque on one at the north-west corner commemorating the fact that T. S. Eliot worked there from the late 1920s when he was poetry editor of Faber & Faber . That building is now used by the School of Oriental and African Studies (a college of the University of London). In 1998,

1221-592: The two buildings on the southern side, at numbers 46 and 47, have been occupied by the Huron University USA in London (now the London campus for EF International Language Centres and is the Centre for Professional Students over the age of 25). On 7 July 2005, two terrorist bombings occurred near the square. One of them was on a London Underground train at that moment running between King's Cross St Pancras tube station and Russell Square tube station , and another

1258-432: The use of suffixed lower case alphabetic characters to represent common subdivisions and extensions. These were published as Supplementary Classification Schedules in 1963. The 17th edition of DDC was published in 1965 but BNB again announced that it would not adopt it; a conversion table from its own 'unofficial' Dewey to DDC 17 was however produced in 1968. In January 1971 BNB abandoned its 'unofficial' schedule and adopted

1295-617: Was an adherent of S. R. Ranganathan 's theories of faceted classification and in 1951 BNB applied Ranganathan's technique of chain indexing as well as adding additional symbols to the basic DDC decimal number. The colon and slash were borrowed from the Universal Decimal Classification and a suffixed [1] (assigned a filing value between zero and one) was used to extend the specificity of more general DDC numbers by adding faceted text extensions following Ranganathan's PMEST (Personality / Matter / Energy / Space / Time) order. When

1332-475: Was inaugurated in 1612 with a grand carrousel to celebrate the engagement of Louis XIII to Anne of Austria and is a prototype of the residential squares of European cities that were to come. What was new about the Place Royale as it was known in 1612 was that the house fronts were all built to the same design, probably by Baptiste du Cerceau . In town squares, similarly green but publicly accessible from

1369-437: Was on a bus on Tavistock Square , near Russell Square. To commemorate the victims, many flowers were laid at a spot on Russell Square just south of the café. The location is now marked by a memorial plaque and a young oak tree. The square was also the site of a mass stabbing in 2016 . The London Branch of École Jeannine Manuel has occupied 52–53 Russell Square since 2019. Russell Square appears in various novels. In

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