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80-612: Burlington House is a building on Piccadilly in Mayfair , London. It was originally a private English Baroque and then Neo-Palladian mansion owned by the Earls of Burlington . It was significantly expanded in the mid-19th century after being purchased by the British government. Today, the Royal Academy and five learned societies occupy much of the building. The house was one of the earliest of

160-497: A cupid is also called an amorino (plural amorini ) or amoretto (plural amoretti ). The more commonly found form putti is the plural of the Italian word putto . The Italian word comes from the Latin word putus , meaning "boy" or "child". Today, in Italian, putto means either toddler winged angel or, rarely, toddler boy. It may have been derived from the same Indo-European root as

240-526: A cost of £5 million. The London bus routes 6 , 9 , 14 , 19 , 22 , 38 , N9 , N19 , N22 , N38 and N97 all run along Piccadilly. In 1972, a westbound bus lane was introduced between Piccadilly Circus and St James's Street. In November 1976 an eastbound bus lane was introduced between Old Park Lane and Berkeley Street. Part of the Piccadilly line on the London Underground travels under

320-523: A fire in 1733, and rebuilt as Devonshire House in 1737 by William Cavendish, 3rd Duke of Devonshire , and was subsequently used as the headquarters for the Whig party . Devonshire House survived until 1921, before being sold for redevelopment by Edward Cavendish, 10th Duke of Devonshire for £1 million. Burlington House has since been home to the Royal Academy of Arts , the Geological Society of London ,

400-573: A flawless one went for £300. The premises at 190–195, built in 1881–1883, housing the Royal Institute of Painters in Water Colours and known as the "Royal Institute Galleries", are grade II listed. Number 195 is now home to BAFTA , Lyons ' first teashop opened in Piccadilly in 1894, and from 1909 they developed into a chain, ultimately numbering around 200 locations, with the firm becoming

480-417: A game level designed around the street. Notes Citations Sources 51°30′25″N 0°08′32″W  /  51.50698°N 0.14235°W  / 51.50698; -0.14235 Putti The same figures were also seen in representations of classical myth , and increasingly in general decorative art. In Baroque art the putto came to represent the omnipresence of God . A putto representing

560-426: A law that allowed disused buildings to be used for emergency shelter for the homeless. The radical squatting movement that resulted foundered soon afterward, owing to the rise of drug dealers and Hells Angels occupying the site. An eviction took place on 21 September 1969; the events resulted in the licensing of squatting organisations that could take over empty premises to use as homeless shelters. In 1983, A. Burr of

640-474: A model but omitting sculpture and substituting a balustrade for the attic storey. The ground floor became a rusticated basement, which supported a monumental piano nobile of nine bays. This had no centrepiece but was highlighted by venetian windows in the projecting end bays, the first to be seen in England. Other alterations included a monumental screening gateway to Piccadilly and the reconstruction of most of

720-458: A number of very large private residences built on the north side of Piccadilly , previously a country lane, from the 1660s onwards. The first version was begun by Sir John Denham in about 1664. It was a red-brick double-pile hip-roofed mansion with a recessed centre, typical of the style of the time, or perhaps even a little old fashioned. Denham may have acted as his own architect, or he may have employed Hugh May , who certainly became involved in

800-438: A part of the gardens to the north of the main range and its art school premises; Smirke also raised the central block with a third storey. The former east and west service wings on either side of the courtyard and the wall and gate to Piccadilly were replaced by much more voluminous wings by the partnership of Robert Richardson Banks and Charles Barry Jr. , in an approximation of Campbell's style. These were completed in 1873, and

880-560: A shop on No. 181 in 1781. The business continued after his death in 1810, and was run by his family until 1835. Hatchards , now the oldest surviving bookshop in Britain, was started by John Hatchard at No. 173 in 1797; it moved to the current location at No. 189-90 (now No. 187) in 1801. Aldine Press moved to Piccadilly from Chancery Lane in 1842, and remained there until 1894. The Egyptian Hall at No. 170, designed in 1812 by P. F. Robinson for W. Bullock of Liverpool,

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960-631: A small parcel of land, 1 + 3 ⁄ 8 acres in area, on the east of what is now Great Windmill Street . That plot may have never belonged to the Crown, and was owned by Anthony Cotton in the reign of Henry VIII . John Cotton granted it to John Golightly in 1547, and his descendants sold it to a tailor, Robert Baker, in c.  1611 –12. Six or seven years later, Baker bought 22 acres of Wilson's land, thanks largely to money from his second marriage. Baker became financially successful by making and selling fashionable piccadills . Shortly after purchasing

1040-493: A staircase by Sebastiano Ricci and Giovanni Antonio Pellegrini makes it one of the richest interiors in London. In between his two Grand Tours of Italy (1714 and 1719), the 3rd Earl of Burlington's taste was transformed by the publication of Giacomo Leoni 's Palladio , which made him develop a passion for Palladian architecture . In 1717 or 1718, the young Lord Burlington began making major modifications to Burlington House, and

1120-601: A staple of the High Street in the UK. By the 1920s, most old buildings on the street had been demolished or were in institutional use; traffic noise had driven away residents, but a few residential properties remained. Albert, Duke of York lived at No. 145 at the time of his accession as King George VI in 1936. The clothing store Simpson's was established at 203 - 206 Piccadilly by Alec Simpson in 1936, providing factory-made men's clothing. The premises were designed by

1200-487: A statue of Eros was constructed on the junction in 1893, and the erection of large electric billboards in 1923. At the western end of Piccadilly is Hyde Park Corner , and the street has a major road junction with St James's Street and other significant junctions at Albemarle Street , Bond Street and Dover Street . The road is part of the A4 connecting central London to Hammersmith , Earl's Court , Heathrow Airport and

1280-490: Is a road in the City of Westminster , London, England, to the south of Mayfair , between Hyde Park Corner in the west and Piccadilly Circus in the east. It is part of the A4 road that connects central London to Hammersmith , Earl's Court , Heathrow Airport and the M4 motorway westward. St James's is to the south of the eastern section, while the western section is built up only on

1360-412: Is deliberately unfixed, so that it is difficult to tell the difference between putti, cupids, and various forms of angels. They have no unique, immediately identifiable attributes, so that putti may have many meanings and roles in the context of art. Some of the more common associations are: The historiography of this subject matter is very short. Many art historians have commented on the importance of

1440-483: Is evocative of many aspects of life in the city, both by day and by night. The music hall song " It's a Long Way to Tipperary " mentions Piccadilly and Leicester Square in its lyrics. It was written in 1912 about an Irishman living in London, but became popular after being adopted by the mostly Irish Connaught Rangers during World War I. The street is mentioned in Gilbert and Sullivan 's 1881 operetta Patience , in

1520-507: Is now No. 221 Piccadilly and the parallel Jermyn Street since 1685. It remained in use throughout the 18th century before being demolished in 1870 to make way for a restaurant. St James's Church was first proposed in 1664, when residents wanted the area to become a separate parish from St Martin in the Fields . After several Bill readings, construction began in 1676. The building was designed by Christopher Wren and cost around £5,000. It

1600-676: Is now the London campus of the Limkokwing University of Creative Technology . Several members of the Rothschild family had mansions at the western end of the street. Nathan Mayer Rothschild moved his banking premises to No. 107 in 1825, and the construction of other large buildings, complete with ballrooms and marble staircases, led to the street being colloquially referred to as Rothschild Row. Ferdinand James von Rothschild lived at No. 143 with his wife Evelina while Lionel de Rothschild lived at No. 148. Melbourne House

1680-472: Is the most extreme of these. These are often termed spiritelli , sometimes translated as " imps ". Older putto-like figures are seen in other art; they are very typical as winged teenage boys in the borders of works by the Embriachi workshop from the years around 1400. Most Renaissance putti are essentially decorative and they ornament both religious and secular works, without usually taking any actual part in

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1760-517: The British Journal of Addiction published an article on "The Piccadilly Drug Scene", in which the author discussed the regular presence of known dealers and easy accessibility of drugs. Today, Piccadilly is regarded as one of London's principal shopping streets, hosting several famous shops. The Ritz Hotel, Park Lane Hotel , Athenaeum Hotel and Intercontinental Hotel are located on the street, along with other luxury hotels and offices. During

1840-474: The Fortnum & Mason partnership on Piccadilly in 1705, selling recycled candles from Buckingham Palace . By 1788, the store sold poultry, potted meats, lobsters and prawns, savoury patties, Scotch eggs, and fresh and dried fruits. The street acquired a reputation for numerous inns and bars during this period. The Old White Horse Cellar , at No. 155, was one of the most famous coaching inns in England but

1920-644: The Greek Eros or Roman Amor / Cupid , the god of love and companion of Aphrodite or Venus ; the Roman, genius , a type of guardian spirit; or sometimes the Greek, daemon , a type of messenger spirit, being halfway between the realms of the human and the divine. Putti are a classical motif found primarily on child sarcophagi of the 2nd century, where they are depicted fighting, dancing , participating in bacchic rites , playing sports , etc. The putto disappeared during

2000-826: The Linnean Society of London , the Royal Astronomical Society , the British Astronomical Association , the Society of Antiquaries of London and the Royal Society of Chemistry . The land to the south of Piccadilly was leased to trustees of the Earl of St Albans in 1661 for a thirty-year term, subsequently extended to 1740. Nos. 162–165 were granted freehold by the king to Sir Edward Villiers in 1674. The White Bear Inn had been established between what

2080-481: The M4 motorway . Congestion along the road has been reported since the mid-19th century, leading to its progressive widening and removing the northern portions of Green Park. Traffic signals were installed in the 1930s. In the late 1950s, the Ministry of Transport remodelled Hyde Park Corner at the western end to form a major traffic gyratory system, including enlargement of Park Lane . It opened on 17 October 1962 at

2160-667: The Mannerist period and late Renaissance in France , and throughout Baroque ceiling frescoes . Many artists have depicted them, but among the best-known are the sculptor Donatello and the painter Raphael . The two relaxed and curious putti who appear at the foot of Raphael's Sistine Madonna are often reproduced. They also experienced a major revival in the 19th century, where they gamboled through paintings by French academic painters, from advertisements to Gustave Doré ’s illustrations for Orlando Furioso . The iconography of putti

2240-639: The Middle Ages and was revived during the Quattrocento . The revival of the figure of the putto is generally attributed to Donatello , in Florence , in the 1420s, although there are some earlier manifestations (for example the tomb of Ilaria del Carretto , sculpted by Jacopo della Quercia in Lucca ). Since then, Donatello has been called the originator of the putto because of the contribution to art he made in restoring

2320-630: The Royal Academy , the RAF Club , Hatchards , the Embassy of Japan and the High Commission of Malta . Piccadilly has inspired several works of fiction, including Oscar Wilde 's The Importance of Being Earnest and the work of P. G. Wodehouse . It is one of a group of squares on the London Monopoly board. The street has been part of a main road for centuries, although there is no evidence that it

2400-414: The Royal Academy of Arts , the Geological Society of London , the Linnean Society , and the Royal Astronomical Society . Several members of the Rothschild family had mansions at the western end of the street. St James's Church was consecrated in 1684 and the surrounding area became St James Parish . The Old White Horse Cellar , at No. 155, was one of the most famous coaching inns in England by

2480-584: The University of London . This plan, however, was abandoned in the face of strong opposition. In 1857, Burlington House was occupied by the scientifically focused, Royal Society , the Linnean Society , and the Chemical Society (later the Royal Society of Chemistry ). The Royal Academy of Arts took over the main block in 1867 on a 999-year lease, with rent of £1 per year. It was required to pay for its top-lit main art galleries, designed by Sidney Smirke on

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2560-650: The 1981 Granada Television dramatisation, Bridgewater House in Cleveland Row was used as the exterior of Marchmain House. In Bram Stoker's novel Dracula , Jonathan Harker is astonished to see the Count in Piccadilly, which sets off a chain of events that leads to the formation of the group of vampire hunters. Later, Dracula is confronted by the vampire hunters in his house in Piccadilly, before making his escape. In Arthur Machen 's 1894 novella The Great God Pan , Helen Vaughan,

2640-611: The 20th century, it had been an established area for gentlemen's clubs; this usage has sharply declined, and only the Cavalry and Guards Club and the Royal Air Force Club remain. Piccadilly is a major thoroughfare in the West End of London and has several major road junctions. To the east, Piccadilly Circus opened in 1819 connecting it to Regent Street . It has become one of the most recognised landmarks in London, particularly after

2720-563: The 20th century. Notable instances are present in the characters of Bertie Wooster and his Drones Club companions in the Jeeves stories, and the character of James Crocker in the story " Piccadilly Jim ". Dorothy Sayers ' fictional detective Lord Peter Wimsey is described as living at 110A Piccadilly in the inter-war period. In the 1963 movie The Great Escape the character Ashley-Pitt portrayed by David McCallum tells Squadron Leader Roger Bartlett "See you in Piccadilly, Scott's Bar" as he

2800-531: The Albany, as does Jack Worthing from Oscar Wilde 's The Importance of Being Earnest . According to author Mary C King, Wilde chose the street because of its resemblance to the Spanish word peccadillo , meaning "slashed" or "pierced". In Evelyn Waugh 's novel Brideshead Revisited , the mansion Marchmain House, supposedly located in a cul-de-sac off St James's near Piccadilly, is demolished and replaced with flats. In

2880-747: The Learned Societies had a very constructive meeting on 16 March which envisages the continued presence of the Learned Societies at Burlington House. Discussions are continuing with a view to formalising the arrangement on a basis which is acceptable to all parties." In August 2019, the MHCLG (the successor body to the Office of the Deputy Prime Minister) gave formal notice to the Courtyard Societies that by 2022 they would have to pay commercial rents for

2960-479: The Piccadilly wing at the southern end. Collectively known as the Courtyard Societies, these societies are as listed below: Burlington House has been listed Grade II* on the National Heritage List for England since February 1970. The courtyard of Burlington House, known as the "Annenberg Courtyard", is open to the public during the day. It features a statue of Joshua Reynolds and fountains arranged in

3040-628: The Royal Society of Chemistry took over the rest of the east wing. In 2004, the Courtyard Societies went to court against the Office of the Deputy Prime Minister over the terms of their tenure of the apartments in Burlington House, which they have enjoyed rent-free. The dispute was sent to mediation, after which the following statement was released: "The Office of the Deputy Prime Minister and

3120-511: The Sanskrit word "putra" (meaning "boy child", as opposed to "son"), Avestan puθra -, Old Persian puça -, Pahlavi (Middle Persian) pus and pusar , all meaning "son", and the New Persian pesar "boy, son". Putti, in the ancient classical world of art, were winged infants that were believed to influence human lives. In Renaissance art , the form of the putto was derived in various ways including

3200-600: The Walsingham were demolished when the Ritz Hotel opened on the site in 1906. No. 106, on the corner of Piccadilly and Brick Street, was built for Hugh Hunlock in 1761. It was subsequently owned by the 6th Earl of Coventry who remodelled it around 1765; most of the architecture from this renovation has survived. In 1869, it became home to the St James's Club , a gentleman's club that remained there until 1978. The building

3280-567: The aesthetic style of their close associate William Kent (who worked on interiors at Burlington House), were to provide the leading strain in English architecture and interior decoration for two generations. Campbell's work closely followed the form of the previous building and reused much of the structure, but the conventional front (south) façade was replaced with an austere two-storey composition, taking Palladio's Palazzo Iseppo di Porti in Vicenza for

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3360-551: The architect Joseph Amberton in a style that mixed art deco and Bauhaus school design and an influence from Louis Sullivan . On opening, it claimed to be the largest menswear store in London. It closed in January 1999; its premises are currently the flagship shop of the booksellers Waterstones . During the 20th century, Piccadilly became known as a place to acquire heroin . Jazz trumpeter Dizzy Reece recalled people queuing outside Piccadilly's branch of Boots for heroin pills in

3440-522: The building in March 2024, with the Geological Society paying £5.5 million in instalments over 10 years for their share. Burlington House is most familiar to the general public as the venue for art exhibitions from the Royal Academy . The academy is housed in the main building at the northern end of the courtyard. Five learned societies occupy the two wings on the east and west sides of the courtyard and

3520-441: The classical form of putto. He gave putti a distinct character by infusing the form with Christian meanings and using it in new contexts such as musician angels . Putti also began to feature in works showing figures from classical mythology, which became popular in the same period. Some of Donatello's putti are rather older than the usual toddler type, and also behaving in a less than angelic way. The bronze figure of Amore-Attis

3600-407: The collection. The east, west and Piccadilly wings are occupied by the learned societies and are generally not open to the public unless for attending public lectures or academic exhibitions by appointment. 51°30′32″N 0°8′22″W  /  51.50889°N 0.13944°W  / 51.50889; -0.13944 Piccadilly Piccadilly ( / ˌ p ɪ k ə ˈ d ɪ l i / )

3680-640: The construction after the house was sold in an incomplete state in 1667 to Richard Boyle, 1st Earl of Burlington , from whom it derives its name. Burlington had the house completed, which was the largest structure on his land, the Burlington Estate . In 1704, the house was passed on to ten-year-old Richard Boyle, 3rd Earl of Burlington , who was to become the principal patron of the Neo-Palladian movement in England, and an architect in his own right. Around 1709, during Burlington's minority, Lady Juliana Boyle,

3760-402: The development of Portugal Street and the area to the north ( Mayfair ), and they became fashionable residential localities. Some of the grandest mansions in London were built on the northern side of the street. Edward Hyde, 1st Earl of Clarendon and close political adviser to the king, purchased land for a house; Clarendon House (now the location of Albemarle Street ) was built in 1664, and

3840-401: The earl sold the surplus land partly to Sir John Denham, who built what later became Burlington House . Denham chose the location because it was on the outskirts of London surrounded by fields. The house was first used to house the poor, before being reconstructed by the third Earl of Burlington in 1718. Berkeley House was constructed around the same time as Clarendon House. It was destroyed by

3920-525: The events depicted in narrative paintings. There are two popular forms of the putto as the main subject of a work of art in 16th-century Italian Renaissance art: the sleeping putto and the standing putto with an animal or other object. Putti, cupids , and angels (see below) can be found in both religious and secular art from the 1420s in Italy, the turn of the 16th century in the Netherlands and Germany ,

4000-414: The government to ban developments. Owing to the momentum of growth, the laws had little real effect. A plot of land bounded by Coventry , Sherwood, Glasshouse and Rupert streets and the line of Smith's Court was granted by Elizabeth I to William Dodington, a gentleman of London, in 1559–60. A year or so later it was owned by a brewer, Thomas Wilson of St Botolph-without-Aldgate. The grant did not include

4080-538: The hall, including Great Expectations and Oliver Twist . The hall hosted performances from Antonín Dvořák , Edvard Grieg and Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky . It was demolished in 1905, and replaced by the Piccadilly Hotel. In the late 18th century, Piccadilly was a favoured place for booksellers. In 1765, John Almon opened a shop in No. 178, which was frequented by Lord Temple and other Whigs. John Stockdale opened

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4160-413: The land, he enclosed it (the parishioners had Lammas grazing rights ) and erected several dwellings, including a residence and shop for himself; within two years his house was known as Pickadilly Hall. A map published by Faithorne in 1658 describes the street as "the way from Knightsbridge to Piccadilly Hall". A nearby gaming house, known as Shaver's Hall and nicknamed "Tart Hall" or "Pickadell Hall",

4240-401: The land, he enclosed it and erected several dwellings, including his home, Pikadilly Hall. What is now Piccadilly was named Portugal Street in 1663 after Catherine of Braganza , wife of Charles II , and grew in importance after the road from Charing Cross to Hyde Park Corner was closed to allow the creation of Green Park in 1668. Some of the most notable stately homes in London were built on

4320-407: The land. Several relatives claimed it, but after Mary Baker's death in about 1665, the estate reverted to the Crown. A great-nephew, John Baker, obtained possession of part of it, but squabbled over the lands with his cousin, James Baker; trying to play one another off, they paid or granted rights to Oxenden and a speculator, Colonel Thomas Panton , eventually losing out to them. By the 1670s, Panton

4400-523: The late 18th century, by which time the street had become a favoured location for booksellers. The Bath Hotel emerged around 1790, and Walsingham House was built in 1887. Both the Bath and the Walsingham were purchased and demolished, and the prestigious Ritz Hotel built on their site in 1906. Piccadilly Circus station , at the east end of the street, was opened in 1906 and rebuilt to designs by Charles Holden between 1925 and 1928. The clothing store Simpson's

4480-413: The late 1940s. By the 1960s, the street and surrounding area were notorious as the centre of London's illegal drug trade , where heroin and cocaine could be purchased on the black market from unscrupulous chemists. By 1982, up to 20 people could be seen queueing at a chemist dealing in illegal drugs in nearby Shaftesbury Avenue . No. 144 was occupied by squatters in 1968, taking advantage of

4560-589: The lyrics of the song "If You're Anxious For To Shine". One of the major hit songs of the Edwardian musical play The Arcadians (1909) which enjoyed long runs in the West End of London and on New York's Broadway is "All down Piccadilly" (Simplicitas and Chorus, Act III, revised version), with music by Lionel Monckton who also co-wrote the words with Arthur Wimperis . Piccadilly is mentioned in several works of fiction. E. W. Hornung 's "gentleman thief" Raffles lives at

4640-444: The northern side of the street during this period, including Clarendon House and Burlington House in 1664. Berkeley House , constructed around the same time as Clarendon House, was destroyed by a fire in 1733 and rebuilt as Devonshire House in 1737 by William Cavendish, 3rd Duke of Devonshire . It was later used as the main headquarters for the Whig party . Burlington House has since been home to several noted societies, including

4720-448: The northern side. Piccadilly is just under 1 mile (1.6 km) in length, and it is one of the widest and straightest streets in central London. The street has been a main thoroughfare since at least medieval times, and in the Middle Ages was known as "the road to Reading " or "the way from Colnbrook ". Around 1611 or 1612, Robert Baker acquired land in the area, and prospered by making and selling piccadills . Shortly after purchasing

4800-532: The pattern of the planets at the time of his birth. The Royal Academy's public art exhibitions are staged in nineteenth-century additions to the main block which are of little architectural interest. However, in 2004 the principal reception rooms on the piano nobile were opened to the public after restoration as the " John Madejski Fine Rooms". They contain many of the principal works in the academy's permanent collection, which predominantly features works by Royal Academicians and small temporary exhibitions drawn from

4880-402: The premises at Burlington House. The imposition of higher rents on the Courtyard Societies who are reliant on charitable funds and membership income was set to bankrupt them unless they leave, effectively ending 150 years of joint intellectual effort and public scientific meetings at Burlington House. After several years of negotiations, the Courtyard Societies and MHCLG agreed a 999-year lease for

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4960-563: The principal interiors, with typical Palladian features such as rich coved ceilings. The Saloon, constructed immediately after William Kent's return from Rome in December 1719, has survived in the most intact condition; it was the first Kentian interior designed in England. Its plaster putti above the pedimented doorcases were probably by Giovanni Battista Guelfi . Lord Burlington transferred his architectural energies to Chiswick House after 1722. Upon Burlington's death in 1753, Burlington House

5040-432: The road as "Portugal Street aka Piccadilly". John Rocque's Map of London , published in 1746, refers to the entire street as Piccadilly. Piccadilly was increasingly developed, and by the middle of the 18th century it was continuously built on as far as Hyde Park Corner. The development of St James's and Mayfair, in particular, made Piccadilly one of the busiest roads in London. Hugh Mason and William Fortnum started

5120-409: The satanic villainess and offspring of Pan, lives off Piccadilly in the pseudonymous Ashley Street. Margery Allingham 's fictional detective Albert Campion has a flat at 17A Bottle Street, Piccadilly, over a police station, although Bottle Street is equally fictitious. Several P.G. Wodehouse novels use the setting of Piccadilly as the playground of the rich, idle bachelor in the inter-war period of

5200-419: The second Countess, commissioned James Gibbs to reconfigure the staircase and make exterior alterations to the house, including a quadrant Doric colonnade which was later praised by Sir William Chambers as "one of the finest pieces of architecture". The colonnade separated the house from increasingly urbanized Piccadilly with a cour d'honneur . Inside, Baroque decorative paintings in the entrance hall and

5280-464: The street. Green Park , Hyde Park Corner , and Piccadilly Circus stations (which are all on the Piccadilly line) have entrances in or near Piccadilly. Down Street station also served the western end of the street from 1907 until it closed in 1932 because of low usage. [REDACTED] Piccadilly . is one of Letitia Elizabeth Landon 's Scenes in London in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1836. It

5360-465: The supervision of the work was undertaken by Gibbs. Later, Colen Campbell was appointed to replace Gibbs, who was working in the Baroque style of Sir Christopher Wren , to recast the work in a new manner on the old foundation. This was a key moment in the history of English architecture, as Campbell's work was in a strict Palladian style. The aesthetic preferences of Campbell and Burlington, soon joined by

5440-566: The three societies moved into these. In 1874, they were joined by the Geological Society of London , the Royal Astronomical Society and the Society of Antiquaries. This arrangement lasted until 1968, when the Royal Society moved to new premises in Carlton House Terrace , and its apartments were split between the Royal Society of Chemistry and the British Academy . The British Academy also moved to Carlton House Terrace in 1998, and

5520-430: Was a rich man in his own right due to having married an heiress, purchased the house from his nephew, William Cavendish, 6th Duke of Devonshire , for £70,000 in 1815. Lord George employed Samuel Ware to shift the staircase to the centre and reshape the interiors to provide a suite of "Fine Rooms" en enfilade , linking the new state dining room at the west end to the new ballroom at the east end. Like Carr's work, Ware's

5600-423: Was consecrated in 1684, when the surrounding area became St James Parish . By 1680, most of the original residential properties along Portugal Street had been demolished or built over. The name Piccadilly was applied to part of the street east of Swallow Street by 1673, and eventually became the de facto name for the entire length of Portugal Street. A plan of the area around St James Parish in 1720 describes

5680-563: Was designed by William Chambers for Peniston Lamb, 1st Viscount Melbourne and built between 1770 and 1774. It was converted to apartments in 1802, and is now the Albany . The house has been the residence for the British Prime Ministers William Ewart Gladstone and Edward Heath . St James's Hall was designed by Owen Jones and built between 1857 and 1858. Charles Dickens gave several readings of his novels in

5760-446: Was developing the lands; despite the claims of some distantly-related Bakers, he steadily built them up. Piccadilly was named Portugal Street in 1663 after Catherine of Braganza , wife of Charles II . Its importance to traffic increased after an earlier road from Charing Cross to Hyde Park Corner was closed to allow the creation of Green Park in 1668. After the restoration of the English monarchy in 1660, Charles II encouraged

5840-459: Was established at Nos. 203–206 Piccadilly by Alec Simpson in 1936. During the 20th century, Piccadilly became known as a place to acquire heroin , and was notorious in the 1960s as the centre of London's illegal drug trade . Today, it is regarded as one of London's principal shopping streets. Its landmarks include the Ritz, Park Lane , Athenaeum and Intercontinental hotels, Fortnum & Mason ,

5920-636: Was later destroyed. The Black Bear and White Bear (originally the Fleece) public houses were nearly opposite each other, although the former was demolished in about 1820. Also of note were the Hercules' Pillars, just west of Hamilton Place, the Triumphant Car, which was popular with soldiers, and the White Horse and Half Moon. The Bath Hotel emerged around 1790 and Walsingham House was built in 1887. The Bath and

6000-555: Was making his escape from the tunnel. The street is a square on the British Monopoly board, forming a set with Leicester Square and Coventry Street . When a European Union version of the game was produced in 1992, Piccadilly was one of three London streets selected, along with Oxford Street and Park Lane . In 1996, Latvian singer Laima Vaikule released an album titled Ya vyshla na Pikadilli ("I Went Out on Piccadilly"). In 2019, Call of Duty: Modern Warfare featured

6080-554: Was modelled on Ancient Egyptian architecture, particularly the Great Temple of Dendera (Tentyra). One author described it as "one of the strangest places Piccadilly ever knew". It was a venue for exhibitions by the Society of Painters in Water Colours and the Society of Female Artists during the 19th century. It contained numerous Egyptian antiquaries; at an auction in June 1822, two "imperfect" Sekhmet statues were sold for £380, and

6160-456: Was part of a Roman road , unlike Oxford Street further north. In the Middle Ages it was known as "the road to Reading " or "the way from Colnbrook ". During the Tudor period , relatively settled conditions made expansion beyond London's city walls a safer venture. Property speculation became a lucrative enterprise, and developments grew so rapidly that the threat of disease and disorder prompted

6240-469: Was passed on to the Dukes of Devonshire , but they had no need of it as they already owned Devonshire House just along Piccadilly. The fourth Duke's younger son Lord George Cavendish and a Devonshire in-law, William Cavendish-Bentinck, 3rd Duke of Portland , each used the house for at least two separate periods. Portland had some of the interiors altered by John Carr in the 1770s. Eventually Lord George, who

6320-448: Was popular with the gentry of London. Lord Dell lost £3,000 gambling at cards there in 1641. After Robert Baker's death in 1623 and the death of his eldest son Samuel shortly afterward, his widow and her father purchased the wardship of their surviving children; the death of the next eldest son, Robert in 1630 allowed them to effectively control the estate. Their only daughter died, and her widower Sir Henry Oxenden retained an interest in

6400-527: Was sympathetic with the Palladian style of the house, providing an early example of the "Kent Revival", a particularly English prefiguration of Baroque Revival architecture . In 1819, the Burlington Arcade was built along the western part of the grounds. In 1854, Burlington House was sold to the British government for £140,000, originally with the plan of demolishing the building and using the site to build

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