78-512: Brian Alexander Gallant KC (born April 27, 1982) is a Canadian retired politician who served as the 33rd premier of New Brunswick from October 7, 2014, until November 9, 2018. Of Acadian and Dutch descent, Gallant practised as a lawyer before winning the Liberal leadership in October 2012, securing the riding of Kent in a by-election on April 15, 2013, shortly followed by his swearing in as Leader of
156-701: A KC in Scotland in 1948. In Australia, the first QC appointed was Roma Mitchell , appointed 1962, who later became the first female Justice of the Supreme Court of South Australia (1965), and then the first female Acting Chief Justice. In 1994, solicitors of England and Wales became entitled to gain rights of audience in the higher courts, and some 275 were so entitled in 1995. In 1995, these solicitors became entitled to apply for appointment as Queen's Counsel. The first two solicitors were appointed on 27 March 1997, out of 68 new QCs. These were Arthur Marriott, partner in
234-541: A form of seniority that allowed them to address the court before others – allowed for the swift resolution of Crown litigation. The new rank of King's Counsel contributed to the gradual obsolescence of the formerly more senior serjeant-at-law by superseding it. The attorney-general and solicitor-general had similarly succeeded the king's serjeants as leaders of the Bar in Tudor times, though not technically senior until 1623, except for
312-540: A junior barrister, and led the direction of the case. The junior barrister on a case could not disagree with the direction determined by the senior barrister. On colonial appeals to the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council , established in 1833, the rule originally was that the case had to be led by a Queen's Counsel from England, even if the colonial counsel held the same rank in the colonial courts. This rule
390-470: A junior barrister, and they had to have barristers' chambers in London. These restrictions had a number of consequences: they made the taking of silk something of a professional risk, because the appointment abolished some of the staple work of the junior barrister; they made the use of leading counsel more expensive, and therefore ensured that they were retained only in more important cases; and they protected
468-469: A major contribution to the law of England and Wales but who operate outside court practice. Until the 1990s there was a practice that sitting members of the UK Parliament (MPs) who were barristers were appointed QC, if they wished, on reaching a certain level of seniority of around fifteen years at the bar. Such appointments were sometimes known as "courtesy" or even "false" silk, and also as "nylons". In
546-501: A screening committee of members of the judiciary and the legal community, which submitted recommendations for appointment to the Minister of Justice and Solicitor General and Cabinet for consideration, who in turn recommends names to Cabinet. In 2020, the province designated over 130 lawyers as Queen's Counsel, and another round of appointees in February 2022. King's Counsel are appointed by
624-525: A supervisory role in litigation. In practice this meant that the practitioner would review and revise the written pleadings of their junior. Initially the status of QC was reserved first for law officers ( Lord Advocate and Solicitor General for Scotland ) and soon after for the Dean of the Faculty of Advocates. In 1897, a petition by the Faculty of Advocates for the establishment of a Scottish roll of Queen's Counsel
702-533: A vigorous campaign was mounted in defence of the system. Supporters included those who considered it as an independent indication of excellence to those (especially foreign commercial litigants) who did not have much else to go on, and those who contended that it was a means whereby the most able barristers from ethnic minorities could advance and overcome prejudice as well as better represent members of an increasingly diverse society. The government's focus switched from abolition to reform and, in particular, reform of
780-608: A vocal champion of bilingualism. In 2019, the former premier authored a report on Bilingualism in New Brunswick– Canada's only officially bilingual province. Gallant has also been a weekly business and public policy commentator including on CBC Power & Politics , Radio-Canada's zone économie and Radio-Canada's coverage of the 2021 Canadian federal general election. In May 2021 he appeared on Ici Radio-Canada 's literary debate show Le Combat des livres , advocating for Jean Babineau 's novel Infini . Gallant also serves on
858-518: A vote-by-vote basis or with the agreement of the smaller parties, the Green Party of New Brunswick and the People's Alliance of New Brunswick , each of which won 3 seats in the election. On November 2, 2018, Gallant's Liberal minority government was defeated by a confidence vote on its throne speech by a margin of 25 to 23 with the opposition Progressive Conservatives and People's Alliance voting against
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#1732859339301936-754: Is made on the recommendation of the Lord Justice General to the First Minister of Scotland , formerly the Secretary of State for Scotland . In the 1990s, rules were changed so that solicitors with rights of audience in the Court of Session or High Court of Justiciary were permitted to apply for appointment, and two or three have done so. A solicitor advocate who is so appointed is designated as King's Counsel, Solicitor Advocate . An award of King's Counsel honoris causa (honorary KC) may be made to lawyers who have made
1014-465: Is organised as the Faculty of Advocates and its members are known not as barristers but as advocates. The position of Queen's Counsel was not recognised before 1868. The Scottish bar did have a concept of senior counsel before the introduction of the formal rank of Queen's Counsel. An advocate would self-declare that they were 'giving up writing', meaning that they would no longer draft pleadings and move onto
1092-448: The 2014 election campaign, Gallant pushed a $ 900 million package of infrastructure spending over six years as a way to create 1,700 jobs for a province with one of the country's worst unemployment rates. He also campaigned on a tax rate increase for some of the province's biggest earners, and on removing property tax breaks for businesses. The Liberal platform also promised a rise in the minimum wage, from $ 10 per hour, to $ 10.30 per hour by
1170-484: The Elliott Report , that the royal oath should be dropped and replaced by a more neutral statement. It suggested that, instead of declaring services to Queen Elizabeth, barristers should "sincerely promise and declare that I will well and truly serve all whom I may lawfully be called to serve in the office of one of Her Majesty's Counsel, learned in the law according to the best of my skill and understanding". In 1997,
1248-607: The Kingdom of England . The first Queen's Counsel Extraordinary was Sir Francis Bacon , who was given a patent giving him precedence at the Bar in 1597, and formally styled King's Counsel in 1603. The right of precedence before the Court granted to Bacon became a hallmark of the early King's Counsel. True to their name, King's and Queen's Counsel initially were representatives of the Crown. The right of precedence and pre-audience bestowed upon them –
1326-867: The Law Society of British Columbia . A recipient must have at least five years' standing at the bar of British Columbia. In practice, the Attorney General appoints an advisory committee which includes these officials and also the Chief Judge of the Provincial Court , the president of the British Columbia Branch of the Canadian Bar Association and the deputy attorney general . Candidates must be acknowledged by their peers as leading counsel, have demonstrated exceptional qualities of leadership in
1404-596: The Lord Chancellor , but without comment on individual applications. The Lord Chancellor supervises the process and reviews the panel's recommendations in general terms (to be satisfied that the process as operated is fair and efficient). Application forms under the new system were released in July 2005 and the appointment of 175 new Queen's Counsel was announced on 20 July 2006. A total of 443 people had applied (including 68 women, 24 ethnic minority lawyers, and 12 solicitors). Of
1482-605: The Lord Chief Justice , Sir Robert Carswell , wrote "I have little doubt myself that this is all part of an ongoing politically-based campaign to have the office of Queen's Counsel replaced by a rank entitled Senior Counsel, or something to that effect". In 2000, the Northern Ireland High Court ruled in the barristers' favour. After more wrangling, the barristers were permitted to make "a more neutral statement" of commitment to principles. The independent bar
1560-565: The Oath of Supremacy , which Daniel O'Connell refused as a Roman Catholic . Despite being the most prominent and best-paid barrister in Ireland, he was a junior counsel for 30 years until granted a patent of precedence in 1831. From the beginning, KCs were not allowed to appear against the Crown without a special licence, but this was generally given as a formality. This stipulation was particularly important in criminal cases, which are mostly brought in
1638-409: The 175 appointed, 33 were women, 10 were ethnic minorities, and four were solicitors. Six people were also appointed QC honoris causa . The title of KC continues to be used. In 1998 two Northern Ireland barristers ( Seamus Treacy and Barry Macdonald) opposed the requirement of swearing an oath of allegiance to the Crown. The Bar Council, the body which represents barristers' interests, had agreed, in
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#17328593393011716-482: The 1990s, it was felt that the practice of granting silk to MPs in this way, without considering their abilities, devalued the rank and the practice was abolished. However, for now the practice persists for law officers of the Crown. Former Attorney General for England and Wales Jeremy Wright was not a QC when he was appointed, a subject which attracted some comment. Despite not having practised law for some time, Wright took silk shortly after his appointment, which
1794-594: The 74 Senior Counsel appointed in Queensland before the reintroduction of Queen's Counsel in June 2013, only four opted to retain their title of Senior Counsel. In 2014, Victoria also restored the rank of Queen's Counsel, by way of making new appointments first as Senior Counsel, but then giving the option to seek appointment as Queen's Counsel by letters patent. In 2019, the South Australian Government announced it
1872-723: The Commonwealth Government followed over the next 15 years, including the ACT in 1995, Victoria in 2000, Western Australia in 2001, Tasmania in 2005, and South Australia in 2008. In the Northern Territory , the rank of King's Counsel was never formally abolished, but in 2007 the rules of the Territory's Supreme Court were amended to facilitate the appointment of Senior Counsel by the Chief Justice. Those appointed QC before
1950-642: The London office of the Wilmer Cutler Pickering Hale and Dorr , and Lawrence Collins , a partner in the City of London law firm Herbert Smith . Collins was subsequently appointed a High Court judge and ultimately a Justice of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom . The appointment of new Queen's Counsel was suspended in 2003, and it was widely expected that the system would be abolished. However,
2028-679: The Minister responsible for women's equality, and the Leader of Her Majesty's Loyal Opposition. The 2018 provincial election resulted in Gallant's Liberals winning only 21 seats compared to Blaine Higgs and the Progressive Conservative Party of New Brunswick who won 22. Gallant vowed to attempt to remain in power with a minority government and hoped to retain the confidence of the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick either on
2106-533: The Opposition . After the 2014 election , in which the Progressive Conservative government of David Alward was defeated, Gallant was sworn in as Premier at the age of 32. Gallant announced on November 15, 2018, that he would be stepping down as Liberal leader as soon as a leadership election was held to choose his successor. He resigned as MLA for Shediac Bay-Dieppe on October 7, 2019. At age 32, he
2184-476: The Opposition in February 2019, also announcing that he would not be standing for re-election as an MLA. In September 2019, he announced his intention to resign his seat in the legislature by October 7, 2019, after accepting a position as an advisor to the president of Ryerson University (now Toronto Metropolitan University) in Toronto on innovation, cybersecurity, and the law. In the 2020 general election his seat
2262-489: The Opposition is often seen as the alternative Premier to the present incumbent, and heads a rival alternative government known as the Shadow Cabinet or Opposition Front Bench . A cohesive and consistent official opposition first formed when A. G. Blair formed the Liberal party in the early 1880s. Previously oppositions occasionally organized over major issues such as anti-prohibitionists led by John Hamilton Gray in
2340-461: The Privy Council , that: The exact position occupied by a Queen's Counsel duly appointed is a subject which might admit of a good deal of discussion. It is in the nature of an office under the Crown, although any duties which it entails are almost as unsubstantial as its emoluments; and it is also in the nature of an honour or dignity to this extent, that it is a mark and recognition by the Sovereign of
2418-635: The Solicitor General. It is still the rule that junior counsel must follow the lead of senior counsel in pleading a case, and cannot depart from senior counsel's approach to the issues. The first woman appointed King's Counsel was Helen Kinnear in Canada in 1934. The first women to be appointed as King's Counsel in England and Wales were Helena Normanton and Rose Heilbron in 1949. They were preceded by Margaret Kidd KC (later Dame Margaret Kidd QC) appointed
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2496-485: The appointment of Senior Counsel is not by letters patent, when a Senior Counsel takes office, there is no doctrinal reason why the title of Senior Counsel is lost. However, this is customarily not done, and the New South Wales Bar Association instructs that "KC" and "SC" postnominals should not be used for superior court judges. In Canada, both the federal government and the provincial governments have
2574-522: The bench and the bar, who give advice to the relevant Attorney General on appointments. The reforms have been designed to make the award a recognition of merit by individual members of the bar, often coupled with community service. The federal government stopped appointing Queen's Counsel in 1993, but resumed the practice in 2013 under the Harper Ministry . Appointments are recommended by the Minister of Justice, assisted by an advisory committee. In 2014,
2652-521: The boards of the Canadian Olympic Foundation and Asia-Pacific Foundation of Canada. In 2022, Gallant was named the CEO of Space Canada. King%27s Counsel A King's Counsel ( post-nominal initials KC ) is a senior lawyer appointed by the monarch (or their viceregal representative) of some Commonwealth realms as a "Counsel learned in the law". When the reigning monarch is a woman,
2730-445: The change in each jurisdiction were permitted to retain the old title. In the 2010s, some states moved to revert to the old title of Queen's Counsel. In 2013, Queensland restored the rank of Queen's Counsel. Those appointed Senior Counsel before the reintroduction of Queen's Counsel were given the option of retaining their old title or seeking appointment as Queen's Counsel, while all new appointments would be as Queen's Counsel only. Of
2808-673: The constitutional authority to appoint a lawyer as King's Counsel. During the reign of a queen, the title is properly "Her Majesty's Counsel learned in the law" but normally referred to as "Queen's Counsel" and abbreviated "Q.C." in English or "c.r." in French ( conseiller de la reine or conseillère de la reine for a female counsel). During the reign of a king, the title is "King's Counsel" or "K.C." in English, but continues to be "c.r." in French ( conseillier du roi or conseillière du roi ). Lawyers continue to be appointed King's Counsel by
2886-472: The designation is regulated by formal statute, such as, for example, "King's Counsel Act" of British Columbia, that requires the candidates to have a minimum five years of experience, and to have made an outstanding contribution to the practice of law with high professional standards and good character and repute. The attorney general , solicitor-general and king's serjeants were King's Counsel in Ordinary in
2964-478: The election was far from being a runaway. The campaign against a sitting premier gave added exposure to Gallant. When the Liberal government of Shawn Graham was defeated in 2010 , Gallant authored a paper on reforming the Liberal Party, to make it more accessible for new members and a new generation of leaders to emerge; many of its recommendations were reportedly adopted. After Graham's resignation as leader of
3042-481: The end of 2014, and to $ 11 by the end of 2017. On an election night marred by technical glitches with the voting tabulators, the Liberals won a majority and formed the government in the 58th New Brunswick Legislature with Gallant as Premier on October 7, 2014. Gallant's first cabinet, of 13 members, was smaller than the outgoing cabinet. During his government's mandate the province's economy and exports grew each year;
3120-573: The end of his teenage years he decided he would pursue a political career. In order to pay his way through university, he started and ran two small companies, eventually allowing him to graduate from the Université de Moncton with both a BA in Business Administration and a Bachelor of Laws degree, later receiving a Master's in Law from McGill University . Whilst at Moncton, he was made president of
3198-413: The environment including by creating the “Transitioning to a Low Carbon Economy” plan which commits to historic measures to fight climate change. The Gallant government also placed a moratorium on hydraulic fracturing and a ban on the disposal of fracked wastewater in municipal systems. In addition to premier, Gallant has served New Brunswick as the Attorney General, the Minister responsible for innovation,
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3276-545: The family into the small home of Gallant's grandparents. He ended up graduating from Polyvalente Louis-J.-Robichaud back in Shediac - his principal recalled telling Gallant he predicted he would one day be Premier, saying, "You have all the qualities of being a future premier here in New Brunswick." Gallant says his interest in politics started when, with nobody else offering, he became vice president of his grade 5 class, and by
3354-414: The federal government and by nine of the ten Canadian provinces . The award has been criticised in the past on the basis that appointment as King's Counsel depended largely on political affiliation. However, in those provinces which continue to appoint lawyers as King's Counsel reforms have been made to de-politicise the award. Candidates are increasingly screened by committees composed of representatives of
3432-476: The government and the Greens voting with the government. Gallant resigned as premier on November 2, 2018, after a vote of non confidence was held in the New Brunswick legislature. Blaine Higgs was appointed in his place after having won the most seats in the 2018 provincial general election. Gallant announced his intention to step down as Liberal leader days later and officially resigned as Liberal leader and Leader of
3510-518: The government appointed seven lawyers as Queen's Counsel. All were employed in the federal public service. Since 2015, under the Trudeau Ministry , federal appointments as a Queen's Counsel (or King's Counsel since 8 September 2022) has been limited to the Attorney General of Canada . Jody Wilson-Raybould was appointed as Queen's Counsel when she served as Attorney General and David Lametti
3588-461: The inner bar of court. As members wear silk gowns of a particular design, appointment as King's Counsel is known informally as taking silk and KCs are often colloquially called silks . Appointments are made from within the legal profession on the basis of merit and not a particular level of experience. Successful applicants are normally barristers , or in Scotland, advocates , with at least 15 years of experience. In most Canadian jurisdictions,
3666-492: The most support. The Gallant government also created programs to help the middle class with the cost of tuition and to provide free tuition for those who need the most support. The Gallant government eliminated the two-doctor rule that was hindering women's right to choose abortion for decades in New Brunswick. Gallant was the first premier in the history of New Brunswick to walk in a pride parade. The Gallant government also advanced women's equality by moving pay equity forward to
3744-589: The much-criticised "secret soundings" of judges and other establishment legal figures upon which the old system was based. This was held to be inappropriate and unfair given the size of the modern profession, as well as a possible source of improper government patronage (since the final recommendations were made by the Lord Chancellor, who is a member of the government), and discriminatory against part-time workers, women, and ethnic minorities. In November 2004, after much public debate in favour of and against retaining
3822-512: The name of the Crown. The result was that, until 1920 in England and Wales , KCs had to have a licence to appear in criminal cases for the defence. King's Counsel and serjeants were prohibited, at least from the mid-nineteenth century, from drafting pleadings alone; a junior barrister had to be retained. They could not appear in judges' chambers or inferior courts, either, other than in exceptional cases. They were not permitted to appear in court without
3900-477: The number of Queen's Counsel was seventy. In 1882, the number of Queen's Counsel was 187. The list of Queen's Counsel in the Law List of 1897 gave the names of 238, of whom hardly one third appeared to be in actual practice. In 1959, the number of practising Queen's Counsel was 181. In each of the five years up to 1970, the number of practising Queen's Counsel was 208, 209, 221, 236 and 262, respectively. In each of
3978-479: The option of changing their post-nominal to QC. With the death of Queen Elizabeth II, the Australian Bar Association confirmed that all existing Queen's Counsel would become King's Counsel automatically. When taking judicial office in a superior court, a barrister loses the title of King's Counsel and only regains it if new letters patent are issued after the person leaves office. Conversely, since
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#17328593393014056-492: The party, Gallant put himself forward to succeed him, winning against former justice minister Mike Murphy and dairy farmer Nick Duivenvorden in its 2012 leadership election . After a successful by-election run in Graham's former riding of Kent , where he gained a commanding lead, Gallant was sworn into the Legislative Assembly on April 30, 2013, making him Leader of the Opposition to David Alward 's PC government. Heading into
4134-500: The point of New Brunswick having the second lowest gender wage gap of all the Canadian provinces in 2017; by having over 50% of government appointments to agencies, boards, and commissions go to women; and by providing the first gender parity on New Brunswick's provincial court. Gallant has repeatedly stated that climate change is the greatest challenge facing humanity. With this in mind, the Gallant government took concrete action to protect
4212-414: The prestige of the serjeants and their priority before the courts. The earliest English law list, published in 1775, lists 165 members of the Bar, of whom 14 were King's Counsel, a proportion of about 8.5%. As of 2010 roughly the same proportion existed, though the number of barristers had increased to about 12,250 in independent practice (i.e., excluding pupil barristers and employed barristers). In 1839,
4290-551: The process involves a committee made up of senior members of the State's bar, and usually a non-practising former barrister such as a retired judge. The committee then consults with judges, peers, and law firms on the applicant's suitability for the position. The selection committee deliberates in private, and reasons for the decisions are not published. From 1993, the Commonwealth and most state and territory governments began to replace
4368-410: The profession, giving the holder certain rights and privileges in the courts. They were ranked as senior counsel, and took precedence in argument after the Attorney General and the Solicitor General of England. Barristers who were not King's (or Queen's) Counsel were termed junior barristers , and followed senior barristers in argument. King's (or Queen's) Counsel normally always appeared in courts with
4446-481: The profession, or have done outstanding work in legal scholarship. In 2020, the province designated twenty-six lawyers as Queen's Counsel, from a group of 136 nominees. Leader of the Opposition (New Brunswick) The Leader of the Opposition in the Legislative Assembly of the Province of New Brunswick , Canada is a title traditionally held by the leader of the largest party not in government . The leader of
4524-529: The professional eminence of the counsel upon whom it is conferred. Until the late 19th century, some barristers were granted a patent of precedence in order to obtain the same precedence as a KC without the concomitant restrictions. King's Counsel were originally considered an office of profit and hence, under the Act of Settlement 1701 , incompatible with membership of the House of Commons . KCs were also required to take
4602-443: The provinces in the country, welcoming almost 1,500 refugees. The Gallant government increased the budget for education and early childhood development by 15% over its mandate in order to invest in literacy initiatives, introduce coding in more schools, and reintroduce trades in high schools. The Gallant government created programs to help the middle class with the cost of childcare and to provide free childcare to families which need
4680-454: The provincial Cabinet on the advice of the Attorney General of British Columbia . No more than 7% of the bar of British Columbia can be awarded the designation. Before making the recommendation to Cabinet, the Attorney General is required by statute to consult with the Chief Justice of British Columbia , the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of British Columbia , and two lawyers appointed by
4758-471: The student federation. Afterwards, he practised corporate and commercial law with the firm Stewart McKelvey, and then became a partner at Veritas Law in Dieppe . His first foray into provincial politics came at 24, when he secured the Liberal nomination to run against Premier Bernard Lord in the Progressive Conservative 's riding of Moncton East for the 2006 election . Although in the end Lord held his seat,
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#17328593393014836-473: The title is Queen's Counsel ( QC ). The position originated in England and Wales. Some Commonwealth countries have retained the designation, while others have either abolished the position or renamed it so as to remove monarchical connotations — for example, " Senior Counsel " or "Senior Advocate". Appointment as King's Counsel is an office recognised by courts . Members in the UK have the privilege of sitting within
4914-408: The title of Queen's Counsel and appointment by letters patent with the title Senior Counsel as an honorific conferred by the legal profession, a trend that would reverse in the 2010s. There is no difference in status between a King's Counsel and a Senior Counsel. The first states to change to the title of Senior Counsel were New South Wales in 1993 and Queensland in 1994. Most other states and
4992-459: The title, the government announced that appointments of Queen's Counsel in England would be resumed but that future appointees would be chosen not by the government but by a nine-member panel, the Queen's Counsel Selection Panel , chaired by a lay person, to include two barristers, two solicitors, one retired judge, and three non-lawyers. Formally, the appointment remains a royal one made on the advice of
5070-420: The two senior king's serjeants, and 1813, respectively. King's Counsel came to prominence during the early 1830s, prior to which they were relatively few in number. It became the standard means to recognise a barrister as a senior member of the profession, and the numbers multiplied accordingly. It became of greater professional importance to become a KC, and the serjeants gradually declined. The KCs inherited
5148-557: The unemployment rate which was hovering around 10% was reduced to just over 7%; in 2016 KPMG found that three of the four most cost competitive cities in which to do business in Canada and the United States were in New Brunswick; one of the most vibrant cybersecurity clusters in North America was developed in New Brunswick's capital city; and the province saw its first budget surplus in a decade. The 2016 census found that New Brunswick
5226-401: The work of the junior bar, which could not be excluded by the retention of leading counsel. By the end of the twentieth century, however, all of these rules had been abolished. Appointment as QC has been said to be a matter of status and prestige only, with no formal disadvantages. In the 21st century, King's Counsel continue to have the seniority in audience, following the Attorney General and
5304-408: The years 1973 to 1978, the number of practising Queen's Counsel was 329, 345, 370, 372, 384 and 404, respectively. In 1989, the number of practising Queen's Counsel was 601. In each of the years 1991 to 2000, the number of practising Queen's Counsel was 736, 760, 797, 845, 891, 925, 974, 1006, 1043, and 1072, respectively. In the 19th century in England, the position was primarily one of rank within
5382-555: Was also going to reinstate the title of Queen's Counsel, and most eligible took the opportunity. The Commonwealth appointed Queen's Counsel until March 2007. On 8 July 2010, Gillard government Attorney-General Robert McClelland appointed the first Commonwealth "Senior Counsel". In March 2014, Attorney-General George Brandis QC announced that the Commonwealth would revert to using the title of Queen's Counsel for new appointments and would give all existing Commonwealth Senior Counsel
5460-470: Was appointed a Queen's Counsel on 15 April 2019. However, Arif Virani , Attorney General of Canada since July 2023, does not appear to have received a federal King's Counsel appointment. The provincial Cabinet appoints lawyers, of at least 10 years' standing, as King's Counsel. Traditionally, the appointments are made every second year, but no appointments were made between 2016 and 2020. The nomination process resumed in 2019. Applications are reviewed by
5538-517: Was approved, and the names of the first appointees were published in the Edinburgh Gazette on September 3, 1897. By decision of Lord President Robertson , these first Scottish Queen's Counsel were not required to make a declaration not to act against the Crown, and so Scottish King's Counsel have never been required to obtain a licence to plead in order to do so. In 2005, there were more than 150 QCs in Scotland. The appointment of King's Counsel
5616-526: Was criticised by some as a breach of the protocol against "courtesy silk". Similarly when Harriet Harman was appointed as Solicitor General she was made a QC. Suella Braverman took silk on 25 February 2020; earlier that month she had, like Wright, been appointed Attorney General. Upon the death of Queen Elizabeth II and the succession of Charles III , the General Council of the Bar wrote that all QC titles changed to KC "with immediate effect". This
5694-636: Was not a matter of decision by the Bar Council, nor by the Crown Office. It is the automatic effect of the Demise of the Crown Act 1901 , s 1. King's Counsel are retained in several Commonwealth realms where Charles III is head of state . Appointments in the Commonwealth of Australia are made at both a federal and state level. The selection process varies from state to state. In New South Wales , for example,
5772-584: Was not eliminated until 1884, half a century after the establishment of the Judicial Committee. Gradually, the appointment as King's Counsel or Queen's Counsel shifted from a vocational calling to a badge of honour and prestige. In 1898, Lord Watson noted in his opinion in Attorney General of the Dominion of Canada v. Attorney General for the Province of Ontario, writing on behalf of the Judicial Committee of
5850-665: Was retained for the Liberals by Robert Gauvin . Gallant is currently the CEO of the Canadian Centre for the Purpose of the Corporation, a think-tank which publishes thought leadership and research about the evolving purpose of business in society. In 2021, Gallant co-authored a report with Global Canada on “Canadian Voices on the Role of Business in Society”. Since leaving office, Gallant has been
5928-436: Was the only province in Canada to see a drop in population from the 2011 census , declining 0.5% to 747,101 people. Just two years later, however, due largely to an influx of immigrants and non-permanent residents, the province's population grew to a record high surpassing 770,000 people for the first time. For instance, in 2016, New Brunswick welcomed the most Syrian refugees displaced by the humanitarian crisis per capita of all
6006-563: Was the second youngest Premier of New Brunswick to assume office ( George Edwin King became premier at age 30 in 1870). When Gallant left office at age 36, he was the youngest premier in Canada at the time and second youngest in history. Gallant is CEO of the Canadian Centre for the Purpose of the Corporation, a research think tank. Gallant was born in Shediac Bridge . His Acadian father, Pierre,
6084-428: Was the youngest of seven children, while his mother, Marilyn (born Scholten), was the child of Dutch immigrants who arrived in the 1950s. He also has two siblings, Melissa and Pierre. In his youth, he was educated at a variety of schools across New Brunswick; he ascribed his many moves to his parents' search for work, labouring at minimum wage jobs in convenience stores and fast food restaurants, eventually having to move
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