Bourn Brook is a minor tributary of the River Cam in Cambridgeshire , England .
45-631: Bourn Brook is a common name for small rivers, reflected in a number of place names. See: Bourn Brook, Cambridgeshire Bournbrook , Birmingham named after the Bourn Brook, a tributary of the River Rea, which it joins at Cannon Hill Park in Birmingham. Bournville , Birmingham See also [ edit ] Bourne (disambiguation) Bourne Brook (disambiguation) [REDACTED] Topics referred to by
90-667: A community who call themselves the Camboaters. Navigation on the lowest section of the Cam, below and including Bottisham Lock, is the responsibility of the Environment Agency . The stretch above Jesus Lock is sometimes known as the middle river (with the section above the Mill Pond being referred to as the upper river). Between Jesus Lock and the Mill Pond, it passes through the Backs below
135-527: A further kilometre. At this point its course turns east and from here until it merges with the Granta it forms the parish boundary between a succession of villages, though until it reaches Barrington it remains at a distance of around a kilometre from any settlement of any size. Just after flowing under the Roman Ermine Street , it crosses the avenue of Wimpole Hall and a few kilometres later it receives
180-414: A maximum of eleven, had powers to mortgage the tolls, in order to raise capital for improvements to the river immediately. This they did, and built sluices at Jesus Green, Chesterton, Baits Bite and Clayhithe. Most of the tolls were collected at Clayhithe. Prior to 1722, Denver sluice had been destroyed, and although Cambridge Corporation opposed its reconstruction, it was rebuilt by 1750. The river entered
225-485: A period of steady profitability, with toll receipts rising from £432 in 1752 to over £1,000 by 1803. In 1835 they peaked at £1,995, and then declined slightly until 1846. The Convervators also raised some revenue from rents on the public houses which they owned adjacent to each of the sluices. Another Act of Parliament was obtained on 21 July 1813 which allowed the Conservators to alter the tolls and charge penalties, while
270-565: A person to operate them. The colleges and at least one private operator also own punts which are available for members of the public to travel on. Canoeing and kayaking , both recreational and competitive, are popular at all times of year, especially on the section above the Mill Pond towards Grantchester. Both Cambridge Canoe Club (on Sheep's Green ) and Cambridge University Canoe Club (just upstream from Newnham ) are based here. Powered boats may navigate as far upstream as La Mimosa restaurant (next to Jesus Green) all year round, and as far as
315-457: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Bourn Brook, Cambridgeshire The Bourn Brook has its source just to the east of the village of Eltisley , 10 miles west of Cambridge , where the hills rise to around 60 metres above sea level. Minor tributaries known as the Eastern Brook, Hay Dean, Crow Dean and Gascote Dean merge just to
360-696: Is extant and the foundations of the mill can be seen when the water is low. Byron's Pool is named after the poet, Lord Byron , who is reputed to have swum there. It was certainly a bathing place for Rupert Brooke and the Cambridge neo-Pagans . Brooke used to canoe from Cambridge to lodgings in Grantchester, which included the Old Vicarage . His homesick poem of 1912 evokes the river: —" The Old Vicarage, Grantchester ", Collected Poems (1916) One of Brooke's contemporaries, Gwen Darwin , later Raverat, grew up in
405-631: Is fed by many streams. The two principal tributaries of the Cam are the Granta and the Rhee , though both are also known as the Cam. The Rhee begins just off the High Street ( Ashwell Springs ), at Ashwell in Hertfordshire . Running north out of Ashwell, it forms the county boundary between Bedfordshire and Hertfordshire for around two kilometres, then the boundary between Bedfordshire and Cambridgeshire for
450-624: Is not murky and is clean enough from its source to its confluence with the Great Ouse to support fish. The fishing rights on the west bank are leased annually to the Cambridge Fish Preservation and Angling Society. The Cam below Bottisham Sluice may still hold burbot , a fish thought to be extinct in English waters since the early 1970s. The last known burbot caught in Britain was in 1969, on
495-410: Is prohibited above 'La Mimosa' Pub (at the upstream end of Jesus Green ) between 1 April and 30 September, when the middle and upper river are open only to manually propelled craft. The most common of these are the flat-bottomed punts . Between 1 October and 31 March powered boats are allowed as far as Mill Pool, but few people take advantage of this, as there are very few public mooring places along
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#1732844232281540-565: The Conservators of the River Cam was formed in 1702, charged with keeping the river navigable. The Conservators are responsible for the two locks in and north east of Cambridge: Jesus Lock and Baits Bite Lock. The stretch north (downstream) of Jesus Lock is sometimes called the lower river. The stretch between Jesus Lock and Baits Bite Lock is much used for rowing . There are also many residential boats on this stretch, their occupants forming
585-508: The Granta and (unusually) its present name derives from the city of Cambridge ( Old English : Grantebrycge ) rather than the other way around: After the city's present name developed in Middle English , the river's name was backformed to match. This was not universally applied, however, and the upper stretch of the river continues to be informally known as the Granta . It has been said that
630-632: The Association in 1643 regulated use of the river for trade, but the biggest change was the construction of Denver Sluice on the River Great Ouse, which reduced river levels on the lower river as tidal waters were excluded from the Ouse. Both the university and the Corporation of Cambridge complained to Parliament in 1697 that the trade route to the town from King's Lynn had been severely impaired. In 1699,
675-460: The Backs, and the river is too narrow and the bridges too low to afford easy passing or turning for many boats. Punts and canoes can be manhandled around the weir above the Mill Pool by means of the rollers, a slipway from lower to upper level. From the Mill Pool and its weir, the river can be followed upstream through Grantchester meadows to the village of Grantchester and Byron's Pool, where it
720-410: The Cam at Byron's Pool. " The Reeve's Tale " from Geoffrey Chaucer 's Canterbury Tales begins: At Trumpyngtoun, nat fer fro Cantebrigge, Ther gooth a brook, and over that a brigge, Upon the whiche brook ther stant a melle; And this is verray sooth that I yow telle: A millere was ther dwellynge many a day. The mill formerly stood by Brasley Bridge on Grantchester Road. The mill pond
765-566: The Cam, and in 2010 a fisherman reported spotting two in the Great Ouse. Above Hinxton and Great Chesterford the river holds a stock of wild brown trout, though it is also stocked by the Audley Fly Fishers club and other angling societies who own the rights. All boats require a navigation licence from either the Conservators of the River Cam or the Environment Agency. There are public moorings just below Jesus Lock on both sides of
810-653: The City Council for holders of its long-term mooring permits. There are also some privately owned moorings. There is a public slipway next to the garden of the Green Dragon pub in Water Street, Chesterton . This is occasionally used for launching small boats. Punting is the most popular form of boating on the stretch of the river between Jesus Lock and Grantchester. Several of the colleges own punts, and they can also be hired from various companies, either with or without
855-439: The Corporation sought to obtain an Act of Parliament which would allow them to improve the river from Clayhithe to Queens Mill at Cambridge. This was obtained on 27 February 1702 and created the Conservators of the River Cam, a legal body with authority to charge tolls for use of the river, which ranged from four shillings (20p) a ton for wine to one penny (0.4p) per person for passengers. The Conservators, of which there were
900-510: The Dean Brook. Upon meeting the B1046 it turns east and runs alongside the former Varsity Line railway that closed in 1968. From this point until it reaches the River Cam it also forms the boundary between neighbouring parishes. Firstly it forms the northern parish boundary of Kingston then Great Eversden and the southern boundary of Caldecote and Toft , though at points it deviates slightly from
945-589: The Mill Pool between 1 October and 31 March. The lower river between Jesus Lock and Baits Bite Lock is the training and racing home of the Cambridge University Combined Boat Clubs ' university and college, and the Cambridgeshire Rowing Association 's town, rowing teams. The Cambridge Lent , May and Town Bumps rowing races, where boats set off at regular intervals, and the object is to catch and touch (that is, 'bump')
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#1732844232281990-550: The Rhee a mile south of Grantchester at Hauxton Junction. From source to its confluence with the Rhee it is 41.7 kilometres (25.9 mi) in length. A further tributary, also known as the Granta, runs 10 mi (16 km) from south of Haverhill to join the larger Granta south of Great Shelford . Another minor tributary is Bourn Brook which has its source near the village of Eltisley , 10 mi (16 km) west of Cambridge, running east through Caxton , Bourn and Toft to join
1035-467: The River Cam prior to the draining of the Fens . As the university colleges rose in importance, the course of the river through the town, known as the Backs, was moved further to the east to accommodate their new buildings. A report conducted in 1618 by Richard Atkyns highlighted the problems caused by sandbanks above Clayhithe and watermills obstructing navigation. An order made by the parliamentary Committee of
1080-466: The South Level Act of 1827 created Commissioners who had responsibility for the river below Bottisham . This act also appointed the vice-chancellor of the university and the mayor as navigation commissioners. The Conservators built locks at Baits Bite and Bottisham, and removed the sluice at Chesterton. The river was sufficiently profitable that the Conservators were able to contribute £400 towards
1125-469: The boat in front, are held here. The Cam Sailing Club was founded in 1899. It is based at Clayhithe near Waterbeach and organises sailing races most weekends between March and November. Swimming on the upper river is popular in the summer, and people bathe at Grantchester Meadows all year round. Hardy bathers take part in the New Year's Day swim. Cambridge had been an inland port due to its location on
1170-606: The boundaries, indicating that its flow has altered since early medieval times. After skirting the southern edge of Toft village, it crosses the Prime Meridian still following the former railway line that is now used as part of the Mullard Radio Astronomy Observatory . Here it forms the southern boundary of Comberton and then Barton and the northern boundary of Little Eversden , Harlton , and Haslingfield parishes, though it flows some distance away from
1215-754: The cost of rebuilding the Great Bridge, now called the Magdalene Bridge , in 1823, and a further £300 for the rebuilding of the Small Bridge, now Silver Street Bridge, in 1841. A year later they constructed a house at Clayhithe, which cost £880, and included a large room for meetings and banquets. Just three years later the Eastern Counties Railway reached Cambridge, and the navigation declined rapidly. Receipts dropped from £1,393 in 1846 to £367 in 1850, and were just £99 in 1898. Most commercial carrying on
1260-420: The downstream end. Jesus lock is manually operated, and has mitre gates at both ends. Boat sizes are restricted to 96.8 ft (29.5 m) by the length of Bottisham lock, and to 14 ft (4.3 m) by the width of Baits Bite lock. Jesus lock is only 9.7 ft (3.0 m) wide. The navigable lodes of Reach , Swaffham Bulbeck and Bottisham, the last of which is no longer navigable, can be reached from
1305-436: The house at Clayhithe is now the residence of the foreman of the Conservators. The Conservators are still responsible for the river above Bottisham lock, while the lower river has been managed by the Environment Agency since its creation in 1995. The three locks are all of different sizes. Bottisham and Baits Bite locks are both fully automated, with a vertical guillotine gate at the upstream end and traditional mitre gates at
1350-747: The old mill by the Mill Pond. Her book, Period Piece , is a memoir of a childhood messing about on the river. The mill house is now part of Darwin College . Children's author Philippa Pearce , who lived in Great Shelford until her death in December 2006, featured the Cam in her books, most notably Minnow on the Say . The river is renamed the River Say, with Great and Little Shelford becoming Great and Little Barley, and Cambridge becoming "Castleford" (not to be confused with
1395-479: The real town of the same name in West Yorkshire). River Cam is referred to as "Camus, reverend Sire" in line 103 of John Milton 's pastoral elegy Lycidas . Edward King , in whose memory the elegy was composed, was a fellow student at Cambridge. Like many rivers, the Cam is extensively used for several forms of recreational activity. These include angling, swimming and various kinds of boating. The water
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1440-494: The river and on the western bank just north of the bridge at Clayhithe (both with a maximum stay of 48 hours), and unofficial moorings on the railings adjoining Riverside in Cambridge (unlimited stay, but usually fully occupied) which are under review by Cambridge City Council and likely to be reduced to eight or nine formalised residential moorings, or removed altogether. The moorings on the commons in Cambridge (Jesus Green, Midsummer Common and Stourbridge Common) are reserved by
1485-409: The river had stopped by World War I , although Banhams operated two steam tugs and three barges until the late 1930s, carrying gas water from Cambridge Gasworks to King's Lynn, where it was used in the manufacture of fertiliser. The last recorded passenger services had ceased nearly 100 years earlier, in 1839 and were started again in 2008 with the passenger vessel moored on Jesus Green. Traffic using
1530-645: The river is the "Granta" above the Silver Street Bridge (in Cambridge) and the "Cam" below it. The Rhee tributary is also formally known as the Cam, and the Granta has a tributary on its upper stretch also known as the Granta. On Ordnance Survey maps, the two main tributaries' alternative names are recognised: "River Cam or Granta" and "River Cam or Rhee". The Cam has no connection with the much smaller River Cam in Gloucestershire . An organisation called
1575-454: The river today consists of private cruisers making the journey to Jesus Lock, with the section above Baits Bite lock regularly in use by the University rowing clubs, both for practice and for races. Motorised craft can navigate along the Backs in winter, but headroom is severely restricted. The Conservators of the River Cam now have an office in the former lock-keepers cottage at Baits Bite, while
1620-428: The same term This disambiguation page lists articles about distinct geographical locations with the same name. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bourn_Brook&oldid=813252004 " Category : Place name disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description
1665-567: The sea is about 40 mi (64 km) and is navigable for punts, small boats, and rowing craft. The Great Ouse also connects to England's canal system via the Middle Level Navigations and the River Nene . In total, the Cam runs for around 69 kilometres (43 mi) from its furthest source (near Debden in Essex ) to its confluence with the Great Ouse. The original name of the river was
1710-406: The stream known as Fulfen Slade. It then skirts the edges of a number of villages as it moves into Cambridgeshire, successively Littlebury , Little Chesterford , Great Chesterford , Ickleton , Hinxton , Duxford and Whittlesford , powering a number of water mills along the way. Forming the boundary between Great Shelford and Little Shelford , it turns west to flow past Hauxton to merge with
1755-399: The village of Haslingfield before joining the Granta at Hauxton Junction. From source to its confluence with the Granta it is 33.2 kilometres (20.6 mi) in length. The longer tributary, the Granta, starts in the parish of Debden to the east of the village of Widdington in Essex . After initially running south west to descend from the hills of Uttlesford , it turns north just west of
1800-476: The village of Henham . From there until Great Shelford it largely follows the course of the West Anglia Main Line railway. Its northward journey passes first through Newport , where it is joined by the streams known as Wicken Water and Debden Water. A couple of miles later it forms a picturesque addition to views of the stately home as it flows past the front of Audley End House , and is also joined by
1845-708: The villages themselves. Finally it crosses the M11 motorway and forms the boundary between Grantchester and Haslingfield before flowing into the River Cam at Byron's Pool a few hundred metres south of Grantchester village, where the poet Lord Byron is reputed to have swum. Bourn Brook is used for angling, though there are few fish in its waters. The fish most commonly seen are small roach , dace and perch . After exceptionally heavy rainfall, Bourn Brook has occasionally flooded, most notably in 2001 when it reached an all-time high of 3.11 meters at bourn causing significant damage
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1890-445: The walls of many of the colleges . This is the section of river most popular with tourists, with its picture-postcard views of elegant bridges, green lawns and graceful willows. This stretch also has the unusual feature of the remains of a submerged towpath : the riverside colleges did not permit barge horses on the Backs, so the beasts waded up the Cam to the mill pulling their loads behind them. Access for mechanically powered boats
1935-408: The waters of the minor River Mel that runs through Meldreth . It runs along the southern edge of the village of Barrington, where it still powers a water mill known as Bulbeck Mill. At Harston it passes Harston Mill, the site of a water mill from at least the 11th century until the need for mill died out in the mid-20th century, and the parish church of All Saints. It then touches the eastern edge of
1980-614: The west of Caxton before it flows through Caxton, crossing the Roman road Ermine Street at its junction with the Bourn and Gransden roads. A footpath then follows its course to the outskirts of Bourn , where it is forded by the Caxton End road, and then bisects the village of Bourn. The village takes its name from the brook − "bourn" being another word for a brook. Flowing south-east from Bourn, it runs through Bourn Golf Course where it merges with
2025-499: Was done to properties in Bourn and other villages. It regularly rises significantly in height making the Caxton End ford in Bourn impassable. River Cam The River Cam ( / ˈ k æ m / ) is the main river flowing through Cambridge in eastern England . After leaving Cambridge, it flows north and east before joining the River Great Ouse to the south of Ely , at Pope's Corner. The total distance from Cambridge to
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