Onyx Boox (stylized as BOOX ) is a brand of e-book reader produced by Onyx International Inc, based in China . Like most e-book readers, the Boox uses electronic paper technology.
102-468: The Onyx Boox i63ML Newton (I63MLP_HD) device is the first eReader with access to Google Play . It has a 1 GHz processor, 512MB DDR and 8 GB internal storage memory. Build on SoC Rockchip RK2906 and Android Gingerbread 2.3.1 (API level 9, NDK 5) Linux kernel 2.6.32.27. It has 6" E-Ink Carta display 1024×758 px (14:1 contrast) with Moonight backlight. Onyx Boox i62ML (Moon Light) (also called "Firefly", "Angel Glow" or "Aurora" depending on
204-678: A Balkanisation of the "Open Source Universe". Linus Torvalds, who decided not to adopt the GPLv3 for the Linux kernel, reiterated his criticism several years later. GPLv3 improved compatibility with several free software licenses such as the Apache License, version 2.0, and the GNU Affero General Public License, which GPLv2 could not be combined with. However, GPLv3 software could only be combined and share code with GPLv2 software if
306-601: A patent infringement claim or other litigation to impair users' freedom under the license. By 1990, it was becoming apparent that a less restrictive license would be strategically useful for the C library and for software libraries that essentially did the job of existing proprietary ones; when version 2 of the GPL (GPLv2) was released in June 1991, therefore, a second license – the GNU Library General Public License –
408-565: A web browser and through the Android and iOS apps. Applications are available through Google Play either for free or at a cost. They can be downloaded directly on an Android device through the proprietary Google Play Store mobile app or by deploying the application to a device from the Google Play website. Applications utilizing the hardware capabilities of a device can be targeted at users of devices with specific hardware components, such as
510-452: A "user" and a "consumer product". It also explicitly removed the section on "Geographical Limitations", the probable removal of this section having been announced at the launch of the public consultation. The fourth discussion draft, which was the last, was released on 31 May 2007. It introduced Apache License version 2.0 compatibility (prior versions are incompatible), clarified the role of outside contractors, and made an exception to avoid
612-504: A 5-point scale. App developers can respond to reviews using the Google Play Console. Google has redesigned Google Play's interface on several occasions. In February 2011, Google introduced a website interface for the then-named Android Market that provides access through a computer. Applications purchased are downloaded and installed on an Android device remotely, with a "My Market Account" section letting users give their devices
714-517: A 6-inch E Ink HD EPD multi-touch capacitive touch screen with 1024x758 pixel resolution at 212 ppi and 16 grey levels. It comes in two versions, the C67ML (no Google Play store support) and the C67ML "Afterglow 2". Specifications for the device include a 1 GHz Cortex-A9 dual core cpu, 512 MB RAM, 4 GB flash memory, 802.11 b/g/n WiFi, and a MicroSD card slot. Weight: 186 g (6.6 oz), Size: 171×117×9 mm (6.7×4.6×0.3 in). The Onyx BOOX T68
816-402: A CTM (warm and cold) frontlight. Onyx Boox Nova Pro and Onyx Boox Note Pro were released later in 2019. Onyx Boox Max Lumi is the long-awaited 13" ebook reader with integrated frontlight. It is an evolution of the previous Onyx Boox Max 3 with a faster hardware platform and of course the new glowing E-Ink panel. Onyx Boox Max Lumi is available since the end of September 2020. The Onyx Boox Poke
918-408: A US federal court ruled that an open-source license is an enforceable contract. In October 2021 SFC sued Vizio over breach of contract as an end user to request source code for Vizio's TVs, a federal judge has ruled in the interim that the GPL is an enforceable contract by end users as well as a license for copyright holders. The text of the GPL is itself copyrighted , and the copyright is held by
1020-443: A licensee has no right to redistribute it, not even in modified form (barring fair use ), except under the terms of the license. One is only required to adhere to the terms of the GPL if one wishes to exercise rights normally restricted by copyright law, such as redistribution. Conversely, if one distributes copies of the work without abiding by the terms of the GPL (for instance, by keeping the source code secret), they can be sued by
1122-456: A modified derivative of a GPL licensed content management system is not required to distribute its changes to the underlying software, because the modified web portal is not being redistributed but rather hosted, and also because the web portal output is also not a derivative work of the GPL licensed content management system. There has been debate on whether it is a violation of the GPLv1 to release
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#17328546923621224-465: A modified version of a covered work (such as the Linux kernel) is released, the corresponding source code must also be released under GPLv2. Google Play Online music store (until November 2021) Google Play , also known as the Google Play Store or Play Store and formerly known as Android Market , is a digital distribution service operated and developed by Google . It serves as
1326-478: A motion sensor (for motion-dependent games) or a front-facing camera (for online video calling). The Google Play Store had over 82 billion app downloads in 2016 and over 3.5 million apps published in 2017, while after a purge of apps, it is back to over 3 million. It has been the subject of multiple issues concerning security, in which malicious software has been approved and uploaded to the store and downloaded by users, with varying degrees of severity. Google Play
1428-568: A new logo for the Google Play Store that is more uniform in color with other Google services. Launched in 2017, Google Play Instant , also known as Google Instant Apps , allows a user to use an app or game without installing it first. Google states in its Developer Policy Center that "Google Play supports a variety of monetization strategies to benefit developers and users, including paid distribution, in-app products, subscriptions, and ad-based models", and requires developers to comply with
1530-453: A nickname for easy recognition. In May 2011, Google added new application lists to Android Market, including "Top Paid", "Top Free", "Editor's Choice", "Top Grossing", "Top Developers", and "Trending". In July, Google introduced an interface with a focus on featured content, more search filters, and (in the US) book sales and movie rentals. In May 2013, a redesign to the website interface matched
1632-526: A total of 4 gigabytes. Also in March 2012, Android Market was re-branded as Google Play. The Google Play Store, including all Android apps, came to ChromeOS in September 2016. In May 2021, Google Play announced plans to implement a new section with privacy information for all applications in its storefront. The project is similar to App Store's privacy labels and is expected to be released in full in
1734-479: A user's Google account usage history. Google introduced in-app subscriptions to Google Play in May 2012. In June 2016, some sources reported that Google announced that subscriptions charged through Google Play would now split the revenue 85/15, where developers receive 85% of revenue and Google takes 15%, a change from the traditional 70/30 split in years prior. The move followed Apple 's then-recently announced change of
1836-410: Is a Kindle Paperwhite sized (6 inches) ereader. The Onyx Boox Poke 2 Color is the first color ereader that Onyx Boox ever made. The Poke series does not have any pens to take notes with. The earlier version has a sunken screen, but the current (monochrome) Poke 3 has a flush screen. The Onyx Boox Tab Ultra is a 10.3" note taking device, with an optional keyboard cover. It contains a custom GPU to improve
1938-418: Is allowed to charge a fee for this service or do this free of charge. This latter point distinguishes the GPL from software licenses that prohibit commercial redistribution. The FSF argues that free software should not place restrictions on commercial use, and the GPL explicitly states that GPL works may be sold at any price. The GPL additionally states that a distributor may not impose "further restrictions on
2040-487: Is an Android 4.0 based e-reader with 8-inch E Ink Pearl 1600×1200, infrared touchscreen and runs on a 1 GHz Cortex A9 processor. It comes with 512 MB RAM, 4 GB of storage, a microSD card slot, audio jack, wifi, bluetooth. The Onyx Boox Max is an Android 4.0 based e-reader/tablet with a 13.3-inch E Mobius 1200x1600 screen. The Onyx Boox Max Carta is an Android 4.0 based e-reader/tablet with 13.3-inch E Carta flexible display 1650×2200 screen. The Onyx Boox Max 2
2142-464: Is an Android 4.0 based e-reader/tablet with 6.8-inch E Ink Pearl HD (1440×1080) screen. It runs on a 1 GHz Freescale i.MX6 ARM Cortex A9 processor. It comes with 512 MB RAM, 4 GB of storage, a microSD card slot, audio jack, wifi, bluetooth, can use Google Play Books and the Amazon Kindle Store and has a text-to-speech capability when a bluetooth speaker is used. The Onyx BOOX i86
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#17328546923622244-429: Is an Android 6 based e-reader/tablet with a 13.3-inch E Mobius 1650×2200 screen with 2 GB RAM, 32 GB internal memory, stereo output, microphone, HDMI and USB 2 specifications The Onyx Boox Max 2 Pro is an Android 6 based e-reader/tablet with a 13.3-inch E Mobius 1650×2200 screen with 4 GB RAM, 64 GB Internal memory, stereo output, microphone, micro HDMI and micro USB specifications The Onyx Boox Max 3
2346-614: Is an Android 9 based e-reader/tablet with a 13.3-inch E Mobius 1650×2200 screen with 4 GB RAM, 64 GB Internal memory, stereo output, microphone, micro HDMI and USB C specifications Onyx Boox Nova is a 7.8inch ereader with edge-to-edge glass and a brand new design. Onyx plans to make two different versions, a waterproof one with microUSB port, and standard one with USB-C. It will hit the market on 2018. After collecting feedback from many customers, Onyx decided to introduce Onyx Boox Note Pro and Boox Nova Pro at CES 2019. The two new models are equipped with pen input via Wacom digitizer and
2448-449: Is applied to ensure that end users retain the freedoms defined above. However, software running as an application program under a GPL-licensed operating system such as Linux is not required to be licensed under GPL or to be distributed with source-code availability—the licensing depends only on the used libraries and software components and not on the underlying platform. For example, if a program consists only of original source code , or
2550-427: Is combined with source code from other software components , then the custom software components need not be licensed under GPL and need not make their source code available; even if the underlying operating system used is licensed under the GPL, applications running on it are not considered derivative works. Only if GPL licensed parts are used in a program (and the program is distributed), then all other source code of
2652-495: Is how the compiled code was available and there are "clear directions" on where to find the source code. The FSF does not hold the copyright for a work released under the GPL unless an author explicitly assigns copyrights to the FSF (which seldom happens except for programs that are part of the GNU project). Only the individual copyright holders have the authority to sue when a license violation
2754-500: Is no requirement that Android applications be acquired using the Google Play Store. Users may download Android applications from a developer's website or through a third-party app store alternative. Google Play Store applications are self-contained Android Package files (APK), similar to .exe files used to install programs on Microsoft Windows computers. On Android devices, an "Unknown sources" feature in Settings allows users to bypass
2856-628: Is only available through the Google News app. Until March 2015, Google Play had a "Devices" section for users to purchase Google Nexus devices, Chromebooks , Chromecasts , other Google-branded hardware, and accessories. A separate online hardware retailer called the Google Store was introduced on March 11, 2015, replacing the Devices section of Google Play. Apart from searching for content by name, apps can also be searched through keywords provided by
2958-500: Is prohibited by copyright law . The FSF argues that freedom-respecting free software should also not restrict commercial use and distribution (including redistribution): In purely private (or internal) use—with no sales and no distribution—the software code may be modified and parts reused without requiring the source code to be released. For sales or distribution, the entire source code needs to be made available to end users, including any code changes and additions—in that case, copyleft
3060-499: Is suspected. Software under the GPL may be run for all purposes, including commercial purposes and even as a tool for creating proprietary software , such as when using GPL-licensed compilers . Users or companies who distribute GPL-licensed works (e.g. software), may charge a fee for copies or give them free of charge. This distinguishes the GPL from shareware software licenses that allow copying for personal use but prohibit commercial distribution or proprietary licenses where copying
3162-579: Is using the same model as Apple with in-app subscriptions on the App Store. Google has deals with some companies to pay less fees than the rest of Android app developers. Google Play Store, shortened to Play Store on the Home screen and App screen, is Google's official pre-installed app store on Android-certified devices. It provides access to content on Google Play, including apps, books, magazines, music, movies, and television programs. Devices do not ship with
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3264-691: The ASP loophole in the GPL . As there were concerns expressed about the administrative costs of checking code for this additional requirement, it was decided to keep the GPL and the AGPL license separated. Others, notably some high-profile Linux kernel developers such as Linus Torvalds , Greg Kroah-Hartman , and Andrew Morton , commented to the mass media and made public statements about their objections to parts of discussion drafts 1 and 2. The kernel developers referred to GPLv3 draft clauses regarding DRM / Tivoization , patents, and "additional restrictions", and warned of
3366-499: The AGPL (v1) , and patent deals between Microsoft and distributors of free and open-source software, which some viewed as an attempt to use patents as a weapon against the free software community. Version 3 was developed as an attempt to address these concerns and was officially released on 29 June 2007. Version 1 of the GNU GPL, released on 25 February 1989, was written to protect against
3468-481: The Software Freedom Law Center . According to Stallman, the most important changes were in relation to software patents , free software license compatibility, the definition of "source code", and hardware restrictions on software modifications, such as tivoization . Other changes related to internationalization, how license violations are handled, and how additional permissions could be granted by
3570-546: The WIPO Copyright Treaty , and that those who convey the work waive all legal power to prohibit circumvention of the technical protection measure "to the extent such circumvention is effected by exercising rights under this License with respect to the covered work". This means that users cannot be held liable for circumventing DRM implemented using GPLv3-licensed code under laws such as the U.S. Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA). The distribution rights granted by
3672-500: The C65HD "Storia" (burgundy) and the C65ML "AfterGlow" (graphite), the latter with a Modern Front-Light system. Specifications for the device include a 1 GHz Cortex A8 CPU, 512 MB RAM, 4 GB flash memory, 802.11 b/g/n WiFi, and a MicroSD card slot. Weight: 186 g (6.6 oz), Size: 170×117×8.7 mm (6.7x4.6x0.3 in). The Onyx BOOX C67 is an Android-based (4.2) device with
3774-634: The Free Software Foundation. The FSF permits people to create new licenses based on the GPL, as long as the derived licenses do not use the GPL preamble without permission. This is discouraged, however, since such a license might be incompatible with the GPL and causes a perceived license proliferation . Other licenses created by the GNU project include the GNU Lesser General Public License , GNU Free Documentation License , and GNU Affero General Public License . The text of
3876-580: The GNU project. It was based on a unification of similar licenses used for early versions of GNU Emacs (1985), the GNU Debugger , and the GNU C Compiler . These licenses contained similar provisions to the modern GPL, but were specific to each program, rendering them incompatible, despite being the same license. Stallman's goal was to produce one license that could be used for any project, thus making it possible for many projects to share code. The second version of
3978-404: The GPL for modified versions of the work are not unconditional. When someone distributes a GPL licensed work plus their own modifications, the requirements for distributing the whole work cannot be any greater than the requirements that are in the GPL. This requirement is known as copyleft. It earns its legal power from the use of copyright on software programs. Because a GPL work is copyrighted,
4080-523: The GPL include the Linux kernel and the GNU Compiler Collection (GCC). David A. Wheeler argues that the copyleft provided by the GPL was crucial to the success of Linux -based systems, giving the programmers who contributed to the kernel assurance that their work would benefit the whole world and remain free, rather than being exploited by software companies that would not have to give anything back to
4182-517: The GPL is not itself under the GPL. The license's copyright disallows modification of the license. Copying and distributing the license is allowed since the GPL requires recipients to get "a copy of this License along with the Program". According to the GPL FAQ, anyone can make a new license using a modified version of the GPL as long as they use a different name for the license, do not mention "GNU", and remove
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4284-431: The GPL licensed program, they may still use the software within their organization however they like, and works (including programs) constructed by the use of the program are not required to be covered by this license. Software developer Allison Randal argued that the GPLv3 as a license is unnecessarily confusing for lay readers, and could be simplified while retaining the same conditions and legal force. In April 2017,
4386-513: The GPLv2 license used had the optional "or later" clause and the software was upgraded to GPLv3. While the "GPLv2 or any later version" clause is considered by FSF as the most common form of licensing GPLv2 software, Toybox developer Rob Landley described it as a lifeboat clause . Software projects licensed with the optional "or later" clause include the GNU Project , while a prominent example without
4488-415: The Google Play Store and install APKs from other sources. Depending on developer preferences, some apps can be installed to a phone's external storage card . GNU General Public License The GNU General Public Licenses ( GNU GPL or simply GPL ) are a series of widely used free software licenses , or copyleft licenses, that guarantee end users the freedoms to run, study, share, and modify
4590-502: The Google Play Store in China, with manufacturers offering their own alternative. Google Play Store filters the list of apps to those compatible with the user's device. Developers can target specific hardware components (such as compass ), software components (such as widget ), and Android versions (such as 7.0 Nougat ). Carriers can also ban certain apps from being installed on users' devices, for example tethering applications. There
4692-501: The Google Play Store. This feature was initially introduced with Android Oreo but vendors had not added support yet. In 2020, Google launched a new children-focused 'Teacher Approved' section for the Google Play Store. Apps marked as 'Teacher Approved' meet higher standards approved for educational purposes. Google Play (previously styled Google play ) originated from three distinct products: Android Market, Google Music and Google Books, (formerly Google eBookstore). Android Market
4794-679: The Hanvon stylus for touchscreen navigation and note taking. It was released in November 2011. An Android-based (2.3) smart phone and e-reader, the primary screen of which will be a 4.3-inch e-Ink display. The specs indicate it will be a tri-band device and will lack the 850 MHz band that is needed in the USA. The Onyx BOOX C65 is an Android-based (2.3) device with a 6-inch E Ink HD EPD multi-touch capacitive touch screen with 1024×758 pixel resolution at 212 ppi and 16 grey levels. It comes in two versions,
4896-615: The Play Store app. The rumor of Google Play gift cards started circulating online in August 2012 after references to it were discovered by Android Police in the 3.8.15 version update of the Google Play Store Android app. Soon after, images of the gift cards started to leak, and on August 21, 2012, they were made official by Google and rolled out over the next few weeks. As of August 2024, Google Play gift cards are available in
4998-589: The Software Package Data Exchange (SPDX). The license includes instructions to specify "version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version" to allow the flexible optional use of either version 2 or 3, but some developers change this to specify "version 2" only. In late 2005, the Free Software Foundation (FSF) announced work on version 3 of the GPL (GPLv3). On 16 January 2006,
5100-580: The United States and the United Kingdom. In October 2020, Google Play Movies & TV was renamed Google TV. Google announced on March 22, 2022, that Google Play will remove Play Movies & TV from their store and will be moved to Google TV by May 2022. On September 23, 2019, Google launched its Google Play Pass games and apps subscription service in the US. As of September 2019, subscribers could access
5202-420: The app itself (e.g. songs that can be played on other music players)." Support for paid applications was introduced on February 13, 2009, for developers in the United States and the United Kingdom, with support expanded to an additional 29 countries on September 30, 2010. The in-app billing system was originally introduced in March 2011. All developers on Google Play are required to feature a physical address on
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#17328546923625304-478: The app was again updated in October 2015 to feature new animations, divide up the content into "Apps and Games" and "Entertainment" sections, as well as added support for languages read right-to-left. In April 2016, Google announced a redesign of all the icons used for its suite of Play apps, adding a similar style and consistent look. In May 2017, Google removed the shopping bag from the Google Play icon, with only
5406-899: The app's page in Google Play, a requirement established in September 2014. In February 2017, Google announced that it would let developers set sales for their apps, with the original price struck out and a banner underneath informing users when the sale ends. Google also announced that it had made changes to its algorithms to promote games based on user engagement and not just downloads. Finally, it announced new editorial pages for what it considers "optimal gaming experiences on Android", further promoting and curating games. Google allows users to purchase content with credit or debit cards, carrier billing, gift cards, or through PayPal . Google began rolling out carrier billing for purchases in May 2012, followed by support for PayPal in May 2014. On July 31, 2023, Hong Kong and Macau added support for China UnionPay cards, and users can bind UnionPay cards through
5508-431: The application price, while the remaining 15% goes to the distribution partner and operating fees. Developers can set up sales, with the original price struck out and a banner underneath informing users when the sale ends. Google Play allows developers to release early versions of apps to a select group of users, as alpha or beta tests. Users can pre-order select apps (as well as movies, music, books, and games) to have
5610-497: The best of all time; and "Top Developer", a list of apps made by developers considered the best. In March 2017, Google added a "Free App of the Week" section, offering one normally paid app for free. In July 2017, Google expanded its "Editors' Choice" section to feature curated lists of apps deemed to provide good Android experiences within overall themes, such as fitness, video calling, and puzzle games. Google Play enables users to know
5712-429: The clause is the Linux kernel. The final version of the license text was published on 29 June 2007. The terms and conditions of the GPL must be made available to anybody receiving a copy of a work that has a GPL applied to it ("the licensee"). Any licensee who adheres to the terms and conditions is given permission to modify the work, as well as to copy and redistribute the work or any derivative version. The licensee
5814-438: The community. In 2007, the third version of the license (GPLv3) was released to address some perceived problems with the second version (GPLv2) which were discovered during the latter's long-time usage. To keep the license current, the GPL license includes an optional "any later version" clause, allowing users to choose between the original terms or the terms in new versions as updated by the FSF. Software projects licensed with
5916-470: The copyright holder. The concept of "software propagation", as a term for the copying and duplication of software, was explicitly defined. The public consultation process was coordinated by the Free Software Foundation with assistance from Software Freedom Law Center, Free Software Foundation Europe , and other free software groups. Comments were collected from the public via the gplv3.fsf.org web portal, using purpose-written software called stet . During
6018-414: The country it is sold in) is a device with 800 MHz Cortex A8 CPU, 128MB DDR, 4 GB internal memory, a 6-inch E Ink Pearl HD infrared touch screen, with 1024×758 resolution, 16 level grey scale and built in front-light technology called Moon Light. Onyx Boox M92 is a device with a 9.7-inch E Ink Pearl screen with electromagnetic touch, 1200×825 resolution and 16 level grey scale. It supports
6120-421: The developer. When searching for apps, users can press on suggested search filters, helping them to find apps matching the determined filters. For app discoverability , Google Play Store consists of lists featuring top apps in each category, including "Top Free", a list of the most popular free apps of all time; "Top Paid", a list of the most popular paid apps of all time; "Top Grossing", a list of apps generating
6222-442: The features of Google Play Magazines and Google Currents into a single product. As of January 2017 , the basic Newsstand service, was available worldwide. As of 2017, paid Newsstand content was available in more than 35 countries. On May 15, 2018, the mobile app merged with Google News & Weather to form Google News . The Newsstand section continued to appear on the Google Play website until November 5, 2018, but now
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#17328546923626324-399: The first "discussion draft" of GPLv3 was published, and the public consultation began. The public consultation was originally planned for nine to fifteen months, but ultimately lasted eighteen months, with four drafts being published. The official GPLv3 was released by the FSF on 29 June 2007. GPLv3 was written by Richard Stallman, with legal counsel from Eben Moglen and Richard Fontana from
6426-578: The first half of 2022. The feature will show users what kind of information each app collects, whether the data it stores is encrypted and whether users can opt out of being tracked by the application. In December 2023, Google agreed to pay $ 700 million, mostly to its customers, to resolve complaints of anti-competitive behavior from U.S. states. Google also agreed to give users the option to pay through another party other than Google at download time, and make it easier to download apps from web sites directly. Google Play has until March 6, 2024, to comply with
6528-673: The following countries: Australia, Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Malaysia, Mexico, Netherlands, New Zealand, Poland, Portugal, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, South Korea, Spain, Switzerland, Turkey, the United Arab Emirates, the United Kingdom, the United States, and Vietnam. Starting from June 2021, Google began enforcing region-locking by preventing users from redeeming gift cards of other countries despite usage of VPNs , based on location history tracking and device fingerprint activity data associated with
6630-502: The games and apps without ads and in-app purchases. The program is invitation-only for app developers, who then can integrate the service into their existing apps. Google introduced Project Mainline in Android 10 , allowing core OS components to be updated via the Google Play Store, without requiring a complete system update. Android 10 supports updates for core OS components including: On December 4, 2019, Qualcomm announced their Snapdragon 865 supports GPU drivers updated via
6732-405: The highest amounts of revenue; "Trending Apps", a list of apps with recent installation growth; "Top New Free", a list of the most popular new free apps; "Top New Paid", a list of the most popular new paid apps; "Featured", a list of new apps selected by the Google Play team; "Staff Picks", a frequently updated list of apps selected by the Google Play team; "Editors' Choice", a list of apps considered
6834-638: The items delivered as soon as they are available. Some network carriers offer billing for Google Play purchases, allowing users to opt for charges in the monthly phone bill rather than on credit cards. Users can request refunds within 48 hours after a purchase. At the Google I/O 2013 Developer Conference, Google announced the introduction of Google Play Games. Google Play Games is an online gaming service for Android that features real-time multiplayer gaming capabilities, cloud saves , social and public leaderboards, and achievements . Its standalone mobile app
6936-536: The legal distinction between a license and a contract is an important one: contracts are enforceable by contract law , whereas licenses are enforced under copyright law . However, this distinction is not useful in the many jurisdictions where there are no differences between contracts and licenses, such as civil law systems. Those who do not accept the GPL's terms and conditions do not have permission, under copyright law, to copy or distribute GPL-licensed software or derivative works. However, if they do not redistribute
7038-450: The license, version 2, was released in 1991. Over the following 15 years, members of the free software community became concerned over problems in the GPLv2 license that could let someone exploit GPL-licensed software in ways contrary to the license's intent. These problems included tivoization (the inclusion of GPL-licensed software in hardware that refuses to run modified versions of its software), compatibility issues similar to those of
7140-420: The license. Copyleft applies only when a person seeks to redistribute the program. Developers may make private modified versions with no obligation to divulge the modifications, as long as they do not distribute the modified software to anyone else. Copyleft applies only to the software, and not to its output (unless that output is itself a derivative work of the program). For example, a public web portal running
7242-431: The major change in GPLv2 was the "Liberty or Death" clause, as he calls it – Section 7. The section says that licensees may distribute a GPL-covered work only if they can satisfy all of the license's obligations, despite any other legal obligations they might have. In other words, the obligations of the license may not be severed due to conflicting obligations. This provision is intended to discourage any party from using
7344-527: The new Digital Markets Act in the European Union. Google Play Music was a music and podcast Streaming media and online music locker . It features over 40 million songs, and gives users free cloud storage of up to 50,000 songs. As of May 2017 , Google Play Music was available in 64 countries. In June 2018, Google announced plans to shut down Play Music by 2020 and offered users to migrate to YouTube Music , migration to Google Podcasts
7446-545: The official app store for certified devices running on the Android operating system and its derivatives , as well as ChromeOS , allowing users to browse and download applications developed with the Android software development kit and published through Google. Google Play has also served as a digital media store, offering games, music, books, movies, and television programs. Content that has been purchased on Google Play Movies & TV and Google Play Books can be accessed on
7548-464: The optional "or later" clause include the GNU Project, while projects like the Linux kernel is licensed under GPLv2 only. The "or any later version" clause is sometimes known as a "lifeboat clause" since it allows combinations between different versions of GPL-licensed software to maintain compatibility. The original GPL was written by Richard Stallman in 1989, for use with programs released as part of
7650-453: The original author under copyright law. Copyright law has historically been used to prevent distribution of work by parties not authorized by the creator. Copyleft uses the same copyright laws to accomplish a very different goal. It grants rights to distribution to all parties insofar as they provide the same rights to subsequent ones, and they to the next, etc. In this way, the GPL and other copyleft licenses attempt to enforce libre access to
7752-509: The parties who would receive the covered work from you, a discriminatory patent license ... This aimed to make such future deals ineffective. The license was also meant to cause Microsoft to extend the patent licenses it granted to Novell customers for the use of GPLv3 software to all users of that GPLv3 software; this was possible only if Microsoft was legally a "conveyor" of the GPLv3 software. Early drafts of GPLv3 also let licensors add an AGPL -like requirement that would have plugged
7854-452: The perceived problems of a Microsoft–Novell style agreement, saying in Section 11 paragraph 6 that: You may not convey a covered work if you are a party to an arrangement with a third party that is in the business of distributing software, under which you make payment to the third party based on the extent of your activity of conveying the work, and under which the third party grants, to any of
7956-408: The policies in order to "ensure the best user experience". It requires that developers charging for apps and downloads through Google Play must use Google Play's payment system. In-app purchases unlocking additional app functionality must also use the Google Play payment system, except in cases where the purchase "is solely for physical products" or "is for digital content that may be consumed outside of
8058-576: The popularity of apps by displaying the number of times the app has been downloaded. The download count is a color-coded badge, with special color designations for surpassing certain app download milestones, including grey for 100, 500, 1,000, and 5,000 downloads, blue for 10,000 and 50,000 downloads, green for 100,000 and 500,000 downloads, and red/orange for 1 million, 5 million, 10 million, and 1 billion downloads. Users can submit reviews and ratings for apps and digital content distributed through Google Play, which are displayed publicly. Ratings are based on
8160-409: The preamble, though the preamble can be used in a modified license if permission to use it is obtained from the Free Software Foundation (FSF). According to the FSF, "The GPL does not require you to release your modified version or any part of it. You are free to make modifications and use them privately, without ever releasing them." However, if one releases a GPL-licensed entity to the public, there
8262-522: The program needs to be made available under the same license terms. The GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) was created to have a weaker copyleft than the GPL, in that it does not require custom-developed source code (distinct from the LGPL licensed parts) to be made available under the same license terms. The fifth section of version 3 states that no GPL-licensed code shall be considered an effective "technical protection measure" as defined by Article 11 of
8364-420: The public consultation process, 962 comments were submitted for the first draft. By the end of the comment period, a total of 2,636 comments had been submitted. The third draft was released on 28 March 2007. This draft included language intended to prevent patent-related agreements such as the controversial Microsoft-Novell patent agreement , and restricted the anti-tivoization clauses to a legal definition of
8466-482: The refresh performance of the e-ink display. The Onyx Boox Tab X is a 13.3" note taking device, which supports a separate Bluetooth keyboard and also uses a custom GPU. As of 2022, Onyx International Inc. has declined to release the source code with Linux kernel modifications licensed under the GNU General Public License version 2 in response to a written request by a user. The GPLv2 license states that if
8568-426: The rights granted by the GPL". This forbids activities such as distributing the software under a non-disclosure agreement or contract. The fourth section for version 2 of the license and the seventh section of version 3 require that programs distributed as pre-compiled binaries be accompanied by a copy of the source code, a written offer to distribute the source code via the same mechanism as the pre-compiled binary, or
8670-416: The same model, although commentators were quick to point out that while Apple grants the 85/15 revenue share after one year of active subscriptions, Google's subscription change takes effect immediately. As of January 1, 2018, the transaction fee for subscription products decreased to 15% for any subscribers developers retain after 12 paid months, establishing that, unlike what sources were reporting, Google
8772-488: The same or equivalent license terms. It is more restrictive than the Lesser General Public License and even further distinct from the more widely-used permissive software licenses such as BSD , MIT , and Apache . Historically, the GPL license family has been one of the most popular software licenses in the free and open-source software (FOSS) domain. Prominent free software programs licensed under
8874-492: The software. The GPL was the first copyleft license for general use. It was originally written by Richard Stallman , the founder of the Free Software Foundation (FSF), for the GNU Project . The license grants the recipients of a computer program the rights of the Free Software Definition . The licenses in the GPL series are all copyleft licenses, which means that any derivative work must be distributed under
8976-440: The source code in obfuscated form, such as in cases in which the author is less willing to make the source code available. The consensus was that while unethical, it was not considered a violation. The issue was clarified when the license was altered with v2 to require that the "preferred" version of the source code be made available. The GPL was designed as a license , rather than a contract. In some common law jurisdictions,
9078-417: The terms of GPLv1 could be combined with software under more permissive terms, as this would not change the terms under which the whole could be distributed. However, software distributed under GPLv1 could not be combined with software distributed under a more restrictive license, as this would conflict with the requirement that the whole be distributable under the terms of GPLv1. According to Richard Stallman,
9180-500: The then-recently redesigned Android app. In July 2014, the Google Play Store Android app added new headers to the Books/Movies sections, a new Additional Information screen offering a list featuring the latest available app version, installed size, and content rating, and simplified the app permissions prompt into overview categories. A few days later, it got a redesign consistent with the then-new Material Design design language, and
9282-541: The triangle and associated colors remaining. In March 2018, Google experimented by changing the format of the screenshots used for the App pages from the WebP format to PNG but reverted the change after it caused the images to load more slowly. The update also saw small UI tweaks to the Google Play Store site with the reviews section now opening to a dedicated page and larger images in the light box viewer. In July 2022, Google announced
9384-446: The two main methods by which software distributors restricted the freedoms that define free software. The first problem was that distributors might publish only binary files that are executable, but not readable or modifiable by humans. To prevent this, GPLv1 stated that copying and distributing copies of any portion of the program must also make the human-readable source code available under the same licensing terms. The second problem
9486-510: The work and all derivatives. Many distributors of GPL licensed programs bundle the source code with the executables . An alternative method of satisfying the copyleft is to provide a written offer to provide the source code on a physical medium (such as a CD) upon request. In practice, many GPL licensed programs are distributed over the Internet, and the source code is made available over FTP or HTTP . For Internet distribution, this complies with
9588-422: The world". In January 2011 Google eBookstore was rebranded as Google Books. In November 2011, Google announced Google Music, a section of the Google Play Store offering music purchases. In March 2012, Google increased the maximum allowed size of an app by allowing developers to attach two expansion files to an app's basic download; each expansion file with a maximum size of 2 gigabytes , giving app developers
9690-510: The written offer to obtain the source code that the user got when they received the pre-compiled binary under the GPL. The second section of version 2 and the fifth section of version 3 also require giving "all recipients a copy of this License along with the Program". Version 3 of the license allows making the source code available in additional ways in fulfillment of the seventh section. These include downloading source code from an adjacent network server or by peer-to-peer transmission, provided that
9792-461: Was announced by Google on August 28, 2008, and was made available to users on October 22. In December 2010, content filtering was added to Android Market, each app's details page started showing a promotional graphic at the top, and the maximum size of an app was raised from 25 megabytes to 50 megabytes. The Google eBookstore was launched on December 6, 2010, debuting with three million ebooks, making it "the largest ebooks collection in
9894-458: Was announced in May 2020. In October 2020, the music store for Google Play Music was shut down. Google Play Music was shut down in December 2020 and was replaced by YouTube Music and Google Podcasts. Google Play Newsstand was a news aggregator and digital newsstand service offering subscriptions to digital magazines and topical news feeds. Google released Newsstand in November 2013, combining
9996-516: Was discontinued and replaced by YouTube Music and Play Movies & TV was rebranded as Google TV on November 1, 2021. By 2017, Google Play featured more than 3.5 million Android applications. After Google purged a lot of apps from the Google Play Store, the number of apps has risen back to over 3 million Android applications. As of 2017, developers in more than 150 locations could distribute apps on Google Play, though not every location supports merchant registration. Developers receive 85% of
10098-439: Was introduced at the same time and numbered with version 2 to show that both were complementary. The version numbers diverged in 1999 when version 2.1 of the LGPL was released, which renamed it the GNU Lesser General Public License to reflect its place in the philosophy. The GPLv2 was also modified to refer to the new name of the LGPL, but its version number remained the same, resulting in the original GPLv2 not being recognised by
10200-734: Was launched on July 24, 2013. Google Play Books is an ebook digital distribution service. Google Play offers over five million ebooks available for purchase, and users can also upload up to 1,000 of their own ebooks in the form of PDF or EPUB file formats . As of January 2017 , Google Play Books is available in 75 countries. Google Play Movies & TV was a video on demand service offering movies and television shows available for purchase or rental, depending on availability. As of January 2017 , movies are available in over 110 countries, while TV shows are available only in Australia, Austria, Canada, France, Germany, Japan, Switzerland,
10302-535: Was launched on March 6, 2012, bringing together Android Market, Google Music , Google Movies, and Google Books under one brand, marking a shift in Google's digital distribution strategy. Following their rebranding, Google has expanded the geographical support for each of the services. Since 2021, Google has gradually sunsetted the Play brand: Google Play Newsstand was discontinued and replaced by Google News , Google Play Music
10404-426: Was that distributors might add restrictions, either to the license or by combining the software with other software that had other restrictions on distribution. The union of two sets of restrictions would apply to the combined work, thus adding unacceptable constrictions. To prevent this, GPLv1 stated that modified versions, as a whole, had to be distributed under the terms of GPLv1. Therefore, software distributed under
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