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55-549: Bombardier Transportation was a Canadian-German rolling stock and rail transport manufacturer, with headquarters in Berlin , Germany. It was one of the world's largest companies in the rail vehicle and equipment manufacturing and servicing industry. Bombardier Transportation had many regional offices, production and development facilities worldwide. It produced a wide range of products including passenger rail vehicles , locomotives , bogies , propulsion and controls. In February 2020,

110-549: A memorandum of understanding to do so, for between €5.8 billion and €6.2 billion. The deal required approval by Alstom shareholders at a meeting held in October 2020, as well as approval by European regulators. Bombardier's major shareholder, Caisse de dépôt et placement du Québec , had already agreed to the sale. In July 2020, the European Commission approved the sale. Bombardier Inc. announced on 1 December 2020 that

165-530: A chronicle". Asteroid 11580 Bautzen is named in honour of the city. Like other cities and places in Lusatia , Bautzen has several different names across languages. Its German name was also officially changed in 1868. Besides Bautzen (German) and Budyšin ( Upper Sorbian ), the town has had the following names: The town on the River Spree is situated about 50 km (31 mi) east of Dresden between

220-639: A city wall on the steep embankment to the river Spree , with one of the oldest preserved waterworks in central Europe (built 1558). Sites of interest include: There are six museums in Bautzen, including the Stadtmuseum Bautzen ("Bautzen city Museum"), the Sorbisches Museum ("Sorbian Museum", Sorbian: Serbski muzej ) and the Senfmuseum ( Mustard Museum ). Bautzen is the seat of several institutions of

275-606: A lawsuit against Bombardier "for at least $ 50 million to recoup lost costs", according to Chair Josh Colle , because of the company's failure to deliver the additional new streetcars. Footnotes Rolling stock The term rolling stock in the rail transport industry refers to railway vehicles , including both powered and unpowered vehicles: for example, locomotives , freight and passenger cars (or coaches), and non-revenue cars . Passenger vehicles can be un-powered, or self-propelled, single or multiple units. In North America, Australia and other countries,

330-591: A migration background. (as of December 31 unless otherwise stated) The Bautzen City Council consists of 34 members. It meets either in the Town Hall  [ de ; hsb ] or in the Gewandhaus  [ de ] . There are also four local councils (Niederkaina, Stiebitz, Kleinwelka, and Salzenforst-Bolbritz), whose honorary members are elected for five years. Bautzen has a very compact and well-preserved medieval town centre with numerous churches and towers and

385-669: A part of the northwesternmost foothills of the Sudetes , just north of the Lusatian Highlands . Bautzen is the first larger town on the Spree River ( Spree → Havel → Elbe → North Sea ), and the Bautzen Reservoir ( Budyska rěčna zawěra ) lies in the north of the town. In 2021, Bautzen had a population of around 38,000. Although Görlitz is larger, it is Bautzen that is regarded as the historical capital of Upper Lusatia . Bautzen

440-452: A plant in Villeneuve , Switzerland which DW had purchased the prior year from Ateliers de Constructions Mécaniques de Vevey . The company's biggest acquisition came just after the turn of the century when it purchased Adtranz from DaimlerChrysler . Adtranz was a sprawling multi-national company twice the size of Bombardier at the time, which had only become profitable in the months before

495-495: A quarter of the maximum possible capacity of the fleet in a 12-hour day. A reason suggested for this is the fare of 1100 KRW (about US$ 1 in 2015); it is impossible to pay for Everline trips via a transfer surcharge on a connecting subway ticket. A 2014 web page of a Seoul tour service retailer makes no mention of the Everline among the suggested modes of bus transport between Seoul and Everland. A lawyer who filed legal action on behalf of

550-503: A separate publicly traded company, while retaining control as the majority owner. The sale would generate money needed to continue the financing of the troubled CSeries jet, and Transportation division managers said the independence would allow them to better compete with a growing Chinese presence in the European market. An IPO was planned for late 2015. However, before the IPO could be floated,

605-460: A wide variety of passenger rail vehicles and locomotives, Bombardier Transportation provided services for commuter train providers. Bombardier Transportation had production facilities or product development in: In early 2013, Deutsche Bahn announced that it was suing Bombardier for €350 million because of some serious defects in trains used on the suburban S-Bahn rail network in Berlin. This

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660-535: Is a positive signal for our future cooperation." In January 2015, the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC) reported that South Korea's Special Investigation Unit for anti-corruption produced a report accusing Bombardier Transportation of corruption in the pursuit of the 2004 contract to build an 18 km (11 mi) elevated Light Rapid Transit (LRT) rail system called the Everline connecting

715-1385: Is bordered by Radibor , Großdubrau and Malschwitz in the North, Kubschütz in the East, Großpostwitz , Obergurig and Doberschau-Gaußig in the South, as well as Göda in the West. All of these belong to the Bautzen district . The 15 city districts are: Duchy of Poland 1002-1025 [REDACTED] Kingdom of Poland 1025–1032 [REDACTED] Margraviate of Meissen 1032-1075 [REDACTED] Duchy of Bohemia 1075–1198 [REDACTED]   Kingdom of Bohemia 1198–1253 [REDACTED] Margraviate of Brandenburg 1253-1319 [REDACTED]   Kingdom of Bohemia 1319-1469 [REDACTED] Kingdom of Hungary 1469-1490 [REDACTED]   Kingdom of Bohemia 1490-1635 [REDACTED]   Electorate of Saxony 1635–1806 [REDACTED]   Kingdom of Saxony 1806-1871 [REDACTED]   German Empire 1871-1918 [REDACTED]   Weimar Republic 1918-1933 [REDACTED]   Nazi Germany 1933-1945 [REDACTED]   Allied-occupied Germany 1945-1949 [REDACTED]   East Germany 1949–1990 [REDACTED]   Germany 1990– present In

770-491: Is bordered by the city walls. The later-built more recent quarters in the east were enclosed by the city ramparts. After their removal, the city expanded further east and to the left bank of the river. However, there has only been a small urban area west of the Spree until today. In the 1970s, the development areas of "Gesundbrunnen" and "Allendeviertel" were erected. After 1990, several neighbouring villages were incorporated. The city

825-446: Is recommending that the TTC board "commence legal action, or make a claim allowed for already in the contract, of $ 50 million for late delivery" against Bombardier. Bombardier had committed to delivering 67 custom-built Flexity Outlook streetcars to the TTC by October 2015 for its streetcar system , but only 10 were in service at the time. On 28 October 2015, the TTC board voted in favour of

880-560: Is the political and cultural center of the entirety of the Slavic minority of the Sorbs (Upper and Lower), although Lower Lusatia and the Lower Sorbian -speaking Sorbs have an own, second center, which is Cottbus . About 10 percent of Bautzen's population is Upper Sorbian -speaking. The use of the language is more widespread in the countryside surrounding the town than in the town itself. Bautzen

935-611: Is the seat of several Sorbian institutions like the Domowina , the German-Sorbian People's Theater ( Němsko-Serbske ludowe dźiwadło ), and Sorbian Broadcasting ( Sorbischer Rundfunk , Serbski rozhłós ). From 1346 until 1815, the town was a member of the Lusatian League . The Bautzen Wenceslaus' Market ( Bautzener Wenzelsmarkt , Upper Sorbian: Budyske Wjacławske wiki ) is "Germany's oldest Christmas market mentioned in

990-451: The Caisse de dépôt et placement du Québec (CDPQ) stepped in and agreed to give Bombardier a US$ 1.5 billion infusion of cash. In exchange CDPQ, a crown corporation which manages pension and insurance plans, would receive a 30% stake in the company. The deal was structured as a bond / equity hybrid, with shares returned to CDPQ dependent on the financial performance of the company. Over

1045-631: The Giheung Station on the Bundang (Yellow Line) of the Seoul Metropolitan Subway system to a large amusement park named Everland , via Yongin , the 12th largest city in South Korea, about 30 km (19 mi) from central Seoul . The investigation report alleges that Bombardier provided gifts and trips to Canada for civil servants and politicians involved in the contract decision, which

1100-541: The Groß-Rosen concentration camp operated in Bautzen. At least 600 men, mostly Poles, but also of other nationalities, were imprisoned there, about 310 of whom died. Ernst Thälmann was imprisoned there before being deported to Buchenwald . In April 1945, the Germans evacuated many prisoners on foot to Nixdorf , where they were liberated by Polish troops on May 8, 1945, while the remaining prisoners were liberated in Bautzen by

1155-505: The Lusatian highland and the lowlands in the north, amidst the region of Upper Lusatia . To the north stretches the Bautzen Reservoir , which was flooded in 1974. This is the former location of the villages of Malsitz ( Małšecy ) and Nimschütz ( Hněwsecy ). The old part of Bautzen is located on the plateau above the Spree, whose top is marked by the Ortenburg  [ de ] castle. It

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1210-716: The Nazi Party came to power in Germany in 1933, many political prisoners were held in the Bautzen I and Bautzen II prisons, built in 1904 and 1906, respectively. During the Kristallnacht in 1938, local Jews were persecuted and Jewish-owned businesses were destroyed. During World War II , in 1942–1943, the Nazis conducted three trials of members of the Polish resistance at the local court, sentencing thirteen to death. The AL Bautzen subcamp of

1265-950: The New York City Subway , the Fleet of the Future for San Francisco's Bay Area Rapid Transit , Flexity streetcars for Toronto , Aventra EMUs for the London Overground and Twindexx EMUs for Switzerland's SBB . Each of these contracts was valued between 600 million to 1.8 billion dollars, but each called for highly specialized, one-of-kind equipment, and many also included late-delivery penalties. Deliveries of each would be delayed, beset by software issues, and reliability problems once trains were placed in service. Under increasingly dire financial pressure, Bombardier Inc. announced in May 2015 that it planned to split or spin-off Bombardier Transportation as

1320-456: The 3rd century AD an eastern Germanic settlement existed here, but excavations have proved that the region was already inhabited as early as the late Stone Age . Sorbs arrived in the area during the migration period in the 6th century AD. The first written evidence of the city is from 1002 under the name Budusin ( Upper Sorbian : Budyšin , Polish: Budziszyn ). In 1018 the Peace of Bautzen

1375-618: The 3rd largest rail-equipment manufacturer in the Western World and fourth globally, eclipsed by CRRC , Siemens and Alstom . Between mid-2018 and late-2019, Bombardier started selling off many of its commercial aviation assets, notably selling the CSeries to Airbus . This left the company as a manufacturer of rail vehicles and business jets. In February 2020, Alstom agreed to buy the Bombardier Transportation division and signed

1430-525: The GDR's Ministry for State Security , has served as an open memorial since 1993, operated by the Saxon Memorials Foundation. It is accessible to the public. Guided tours are provided and occasionally, films are screened. A permanent exhibition depicts the misery suffered by occupants; visitors may tour detention cells, the isolation area and the yards where prisoners were allowed to exercise. In 2002

1485-497: The German market, due to the large market share of Bombardier and Adtranz in the country. The deal would make Stadler a viable independent company providing competition to Bombardier. The takeover came into legal effect on 1 May 2001 with a final price of US$ 725 million. After the purchase, Bombardier Transportation moved its head office to Europe, while keeping a few plants in the US and Canada for

1540-688: The North-American rights to the French TGV through an agreement with GEC Alsthom . In 1992, the company acquired Mexico's largest railway rolling-stock manufacturer, Concarril , from the Mexican government. The late 1990s also saw a major expansion in European operations. The company purchased Waggonfabrik Talbot (whose factory was in Aachen , Germany) in 1995 and Deutsche Waggonbau (DW) in 1998, which added factories in Bautzen and Görlitz , Germany along with

1595-520: The Peaceful Revolution of 1990, however, the city’s population declined significantly, dropping from 52,000 in 1989 to around 38,000, largely due to emigration and low birth rates. Since the early 2000s, this decline has slowed considerably. Today, Bautzen ranks as the 10th largest city in Saxony by population. As of December 31, 2011, 98.3% of Bautzen's residents were of German origin, with 6.1% having

1650-584: The Soviets on April 20, 1945. Between 21 April and 30 April 1945, the Battle of Bautzen was fought which resulted in the town being recaptured by the German army. This meant Bautzen and its surroundings stayed in German hands until Germany's capitulation . From 1952 to 1990, Bautzen was part of the Bezirk Dresden of East Germany . Bautzen was infamous throughout East Germany for its two penitentiaries. "Bautzen I"

1705-763: The business of building freight locomotives or freight cars, Bombardier sold off MLW to General Electric in 1988. In the late 1980s Bombardier Transportation gained a manufacturing presence in Europe with the acquisition of a 45% share in BN Constructions Ferroviaires et Métalliques (whose principal facility was in Bruges , Belgium) in 1986. This was followed by the acquisition of the second-largest French railway manufacturer ANF Industrie with its main plant in Crespin in 1989. Bombardier Transportation had become by that time

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1760-503: The citizens of Yongin is reported to have provided details about Bombardier's pursuit of the contract. He said that "between 2003 and 2005, Bombardier funded three luxurious trips to Canada to each of 37 people" including 18 Yongin city councillors on so-called "LRT field trips". On 16 October 2015, the Toronto Transit Commission (TTC) announced that it had asked its board to consider legal action against Bombardier. TTC staff

1815-518: The city commemorated its 1000th birthday. In 2010 it was hit by a flood. During the Early Middle Ages, Bautzen was one of the largest cities in Central Germany. However, from around the 15th century, its population growth began to stagnate. The relatively late onset of industrialization in Bautzen brought new momentum, leading to population growth even during the era of East Germany. Following

1870-485: The company had 36,000 employees, and 63 manufacturing and engineering locations around the world. Formerly a division of Bombardier Inc. , the company was acquired by French manufacturer Alstom on 29 January 2021. Canadian company Bombardier Inc. entered the rail market in 1970 when it purchased Lohner-Rotax of Austria. While Lohner built trams, Bombardier was more interested in its Rotax business, which built engines for its Ski-Doo snowmobiles. But Bombardier held onto

1925-678: The company. Bombardier's aviation division racked up billions of dollars in debt developing the CSeries airliner and the Global 7000 business jet. Between 2012 and 2015, the company announced the closure of several plants including the former Waggonfabrik Talbot plant in Germany, and a factory in Australia, and a facility in Hungary was nationalized . In the same period, Bombardier agreed to several potentally lucrative, but risky contracts to build R179 cars for

1980-483: The cultural self-administration of the Sorbian people : Alstom Transportation operates a large factory on Fabrikstraße making railway locomotives, carriages and trams. It was built by the former VEB Waggonbau Bautzen, which was acquired by Bombardier Transportation in 1998 via Deutsche Waggonbau and acquired by Alstom when Bombardier Transportation was sold by parent Bombardier Inc. in 2021. The mustard Bautz'ner Senf

2035-616: The leading North American producer of rail equipment which had sold 825 subway cars to New York City in the 1970s and 1980s. Back home in Canada, 1991 brought a big expansion for Bombardier. The company was able to acquire the Urban Transportation Development Corporation (UTDC) from the Government of Ontario after its parent company Lavalin went bankrupt. In addition to the core UTDC assets, Bombardier also received

2090-651: The merger. The combination would make Bombardier the largest rail-equipment manufacturer. DaimlerChrysler agreed in August 2000 to sell Adtranz for US$ 711 million (equivalent to US$ 1.258   billion in 2023), a price considered to be low by industry analysts. The sale was cleared by the European Union in April 2001 on the condition that Bombardier would license or sell the Adtranz regional train and tram products to Stadler Rail in

2145-462: The name was officially changed from Budissin to the more Germanized form Bautzen . In 1839, the Sorbian student organization Societas Slavica Budissenensis was founded in the city. In 1845, the Sorbian national anthem was publicly performed for the first time in the city. The Sorbian House (Upper Sorbian: Serbski Dom ), a Sorbian cultural centre, was opened in the city in 1904. After

2200-437: The next few years, Bombardier worked to correct issues with the cars it agreed to build in the earlier half of the decade, and simplify production though more selective bidding, greater standardization and centralized procurement. It also planned to layoff thousands of workers in Germany. However, the penalties the company was hit with for late deliveries wiped out many of the divisions profits. By 2018, Bombardier slipped to become

2255-526: The purchase of the MLW, Bombardier acquired the LRC (Light, Rapid, Comfortable) tilting train design which it heavily marketed to both Amtrak and Canada's Via Rail , however, the program was only modestly successful with Bombardier selling about 100 LRC coaches to Via. In 1987, Bombardier bought the assets of two major US railcar manufacturers, Budd and Pullman-Standard . With these new assets, and no desire to remain in

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2310-548: The rail manufacturing division of Hawker Siddeley Canada which had been purchased by Lavalin and merged into UTDC. The Hawker Siddeley assets included a manufacturing plant in Thunder Bay , Ontario. That same year in Europe, the company established its Bombardier Eurorail division consisting of ANF, BN, BWS (the former assets of Lohner), and the English bodyshell maker Prorail , which it had purchased in 1990. The company also owned

2365-575: The rolling stock business, and in 1974 secured an order from Société de transport de Montréal (STM) to build metro trains for the Montreal Metro . The core of the transportation group was formed when Bombardier purchased the Montreal Locomotive Works (MLW) in 1975. The purchase of MLW gave Bombardier a rail focused manufacturing facility, that had an established history of building locomotives, freight railcars, and passenger railcars. With

2420-459: The scope of their work decreased. In 2004, amid overcapacity in the European passenger train industry, Bombardier announced eight sites would close. Later that year in September, DaimlerChrysler agreed to refund Bombardier US$ 209 million, making the final sale price for Adtranz just $ 516 million. The transportation division's financial woes continued into the 2010s, reflecting a broader trend within

2475-500: The smaller North American market. However, the merger was not smooth. Within weeks Bombardier said that it was misled about the financial situation of Adtranz, and the combination of the two companies took years to resolve. One of the major issues was the sprawling footprint of the two companies in Europe. Even after closing some locations, in the early days after the merger Bombardier planned to operate 27 manufacturing sites across 14 countries. The number of sites meant that some would see

2530-489: The term consist ( / ˈ k ɒ n s ɪ s t / KON -sist ) is used to refer to the rolling stock in a train. In the United States, the term rolling stock has been expanded from the older broadly defined "trains" to include wheeled vehicles used by businesses on roadways. The word stock in the term is used in a sense of inventory . Rolling stock is considered to be a liquid asset , or close to it, since

2585-764: The town at that time. From 1346 to 1815, it was a member of the Six Cities' Alliance of the Upper Lusatian cities of Görlitz , Zittau , Löbau , Kamenz , Lubań , and Bautzen. In 1429 and 1431 the town was unsuccessfully besieged by the Hussites . In 1634, it was destroyed by the Swedes during the Thirty Years' War . It was the site of one of the battlefields of the Napoleonic War Battle of Bautzen in 1813. In 1868,

2640-495: The transaction would be closed on 29 January 2021 for €4.4 billion. Bombardier's standard metro vehicles were the mid-sized fully automated and driverless Innovia Metro with the option for linear induction motor propulsion or a conventional rotary motor, and the high-capacity customizable Movia platform, which is powered by conventional motors and can also be fully automated. In addition, Bombardier produced many custom models not based on either model. The company's main product

2695-400: The value of the vehicle can be readily estimated and then shipped to the buyer without much cost or delay. The term contrasts with fixed stock ( infrastructure ), which is a collective term for the track , signals , stations , other buildings, electric wires, etc., necessary to operate a railway. Bautzen The town lies in the hilly Upper Lusatian Gefilde ( Hornjołužiske hona ),

2750-660: Was based on revenue expected from an inflated estimate of 180,000 passengers per day using the service. It also alleges that Bombardier created a $ 2-million slush fund for the Canadian citizen Kim Hak-Pil, a high-ranking Bombardier executive in South Korea. Bombardier has consistently denied the corruption allegations, stating that "They were not pleasure trips. There is a need to convince the people that our technology works well.... If it had been corruption, they would have charged us." The statute of limitations has now expired, due to lack of evidence according to Bombardier. Everline operation has been financially troubled since construction

2805-402: Was completed in 2010. The system remained dormant until service began in 2013 while the line owner successfully negotiated with the city of Yongin a minimum revenue guarantee of 29.5 billion KRW per year regardless of passenger load. This is said to be a serious burden for the city because ridership is reported to have risen to only about 20,000 passengers per day on the 30 carriages, or about

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2860-426: Was in addition to the €160 million it was asking for from Bombardier because of problems with more than 200 regional trains operating in southern Germany and problems with the brakes in regional and local trains in Munich. The matter was settled out of court in March 2015. Lutz Bertling, head of Bombardier's transportation division at the time, confirmed the two firms had come to an agreement, saying: "The settlement

2915-515: Was signed between the German king Henry II and the Polish ruler Bolesław I the Brave . The treaty left the town under Polish rule. In 1032 it passed to the Margraviate of Meissen within the Holy Roman Empire , in 1075 to the Duchy of Bohemia , elevated to a kingdom in 1198 (with short periods of Brandenburgian and Hungarian rule), in 1635 to Saxony , whose electors were also Polish kings in personal union from 1697 to 1763. One of two main routes connecting Warsaw and Dresden ran through

2970-677: Was the Innovia Monorail . Note: Bombardier Transportation acquired Universal Mobility Incorporated's UM III technologies in 1989. UMI produced nine monorail systems from 1969 to 1984, which are included in the list above. Bombardier's locomotives were mostly linked to their acquisition of Adtranz and Montreal Locomotive Works , as well as joint venture with Alstom . Other than the LRC, all other locomotives were based on European designs. V/Line VLocity at Southern Cross Station in Melbourne, Australia Bombardier also supplied propulsion units, train-control systems, bogies, and other parts, and maintained train fleets. In addition to manufacturing

3025-408: Was used as an official prison, soon to be nicknamed Gelbes Elend ("Yellow Misery") due to its outer colour, whereas the more secretive " Bautzen II " was used as a facility to hold political prisoners, dissidents and prisoners of conscience. Today, Bautzen I is known as the Bautzen Correctional Institution and is used to hold prisoners who are awaiting trial. Bautzen II which was also operated by

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